Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science

Staphylococcus aureus is opportunistic human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases. Out of 580 clinical specimens, 100 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were isolated and identified depending on cultural, morphological and different biochemical tests , in addition to molecular identification by using PCR with specific primer 16S rRNA. For biofilm detection, method of polystyrene microtitre plate was used and the results showed that 61% were biofilm producer and 39% were non-biofilm producer isolates. The different methods were applied for detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates and the identification of mecA gene by PCR was considered as the gold standard method comparing with other four phenotypic tests in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of method. The results of cefoxitin showed that 50 (81.97%) were similar to mecA gene PCR 50(81.97%) and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of these test were 100%, while, the method of oxacillin disk diffusion , oxacillin agar screening and MIC for oxacillin showed less specificity ,positive predictive value and accuracy. Whereas, sensitivity and negative predictive value for all methods equal to 100%. The results of cefoxitin disk diffusion test showed the highest specificity, accuracy compared to other phenotypic tests that were low precision in the determination of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. On the other hand, It was found that there was a relation between femA and mecA genes, while no relation was observed between femB , mecC and with mecA.

Diabetes is linked with a change of homeostasis for the plasma iron in human, that have the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by this disease and its microangiopathy complication especially diabetic nephropathy (DN). In addition, iron indicators are associated with obesity and insulin sensitivity as contribute to the development and improvement of oxidative damage. The objective of the study was to measure and evaluate the level of iron in the plasma in diabetic patients with and without DN, and in normal individuals, The current study was conducted on sixty T2D patients diagnosed beforehand, these patients were categorized into two equal groups according to their albumin to Creatinine ratio (ACR), including patient with nephropathy (UAC=30-300 mg/g Creatinine), (I) and patients without nephropathy (UAC<30mg/g Creatinine), (II). Twenty four healthy persons were chosen as a control group. Each group included the same numbers of male and female. The age of patients ranged from (36-65) year . The results showed that the plasma level of iron showed a high significant increasing in patients without DN group (177.10±76.36 μg/dl) compared to patients with DN and healthy control groups (126.77±61.16 vs 116.79±26.16 μg/dl, respectively).

Chrysanthemic acid, Trimethoprim, amides, Imines and azo compound : all found to have enormous biological activities in different directions such as medical , pharmaceutical pesticidal …etc. Accordingly combination of these functional in on compound expected to enhances their activities. Therefore mixed amides – imines and amides – diazo derived from trimethoprim and chrysanthemic acid, have been prepared by reaction of equimolar amount of these compound to form the corresponding mono amides , which on treatment of the remaining amino group of the trimethoprim with some aromatic aldehydes give the corresponding imines ; or diazo compounds on reaction with nitrous acid followed by reaction with aromatic phenols and naphthols . The structures of these derivatives were confirmed by their physical properties and spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR ; 1Hnmr and mass spectrometry for selected compound. In addition the biological evaluation of the synthesized compound have been studied through the investigation of its capacity to scavenge the free radical (DPPH.) to give an inhibition at 50% concentration (IC50) , using the butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) as a control. This study reveals the highest scavenging for the azo derivatives.

The properties of the two-neutron halo nucleus 11Li are investigated. The calculations are performed using the Faddeev equation with core excitation and Woods-Saxon potential. The core has been deformed and allowed to be excited to first 2+ state. This model enables to include the excitation of core of the three bodies, while the other two particles remain inert. Also, it is particularly suitable for obtaining the bound states structure compositions and binding energies of light exotic nuclei considered as three-body systems, which given the three effective of two body interactions. Results were compared with experimental data and three-body model. The handling of 11Li with an excited core in a microscopic cluster model was more accurate than that with an inert core in the three-body model. The dependence of three-body system energy on the quadruple of the core was investigated, and the core has an oblate shape.

By in situ polymerization of aniline monomer, conducting polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites containing various concentrations of carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNT) were synthesized. The morphological and electrical properties of pure PANI and PANI /MWCNT nanocomposites were examined by using Fourier transform- infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) respectively. FTIR spectra shows that the carboxylic acid groups formed at the both ends of the sidewalls of the MWCNTs. The aniline monomers were polymerized on the surface of MWCNTs, depending on the -* electron interaction between aniline monomers and MWCNTs and hydrogen bonding into interaction between the amino groups of aniline monomers and carboxylic acid group of f-MWCNT. The AC, DC, electrical conductivities of pure PANI and PANI/MWCNT nanocomposite have been measured in frequency range (10Hz-100KHz) and in the temperature range from (30 to 160 C°). the results shows the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite is higher than pure PANI. AC conductivity at low frequencies is independent of frequencies and increased by increasing the MWCNTs concentration.

The present paper discusses the structural and optical properties of In2O3 and ITO thin film growing on glass and silicon substrates by assistant microwave irradiation on seeded layer nucleated by spin coating technique. X-ray diffraction study shows that the films have cubic structure. Morphology analysis was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and reveals that the grain size of the prepared thin film is approximately (62.56-76.66)nm , with a surface roughness of (0.447- 1.25) nm as well as root mean square of (0.532-1.44)nm for pure In2O3 and ITO films. Optical characteristics were studied and observed that the transmission value was more than 90 % at the visible wavelength range. The direct energy gap (Eg) was found to be between (3.7-2.6) eV, which decreased significantly with increasing Sn contents.

A comparative study of behavior of Abu-Jir fault zone in Al-Thirthar Valley and near Al-Habbaniya Lake areas has been carried out using seismic reflection sections. Interpretation of the seismic sections showed some similarities and differences in behavior of Abu-Jir Fault Zones in both areas. The seismic sections exhibit simple flower structure in the fault zone of both Al-Thirthar Valley and near Habbaniya Lake but the flower structure in later is simpler than the former. The fault zone in Al-Thirthar Valley behaves as blind fault, whereas it reaches to the Earth's surface near Habbaniya Lake. Abu-Jir Fault Zone near Habbaniya Lake is wider than that in Thirthar Valley area. Syn-rifting due to faulting and slightly thickening has begun within both areas; occur between Alan and Hartha reflectors in Thirthar area and between Alan and Dammam reflectors near Habbaniya Lake. Abu-Jir Fault Zone near Habbaniya Lake suffered to strike slip movement less than that in Thirthar Valley because it is far from the collision suture zone between Arabian plate and Turkish and Iranian plates.

This study aims at calculating theoretically the radioactive of cesium Cs 137 in the plant of Nineveh governorate by selecting 50 positions as samples of the study. The calculations are carried out by constructing a mathematical model that determines theoretically the radioactive of cesium Cs 137in the plant. In this paper, the main features and process of mathematical modeling is stated and used clearly in the process of constructing the mathematical model which conducts the determination of the radioactive of cesium Cs 137. The values calculated by the proposed mathematical model show that Cs 137 radioactive range is: (1.0832 in (A42 & A42) – 4.1020 in (A48)) Bq/kg in plant. These calculations are conducted by comparing the results, obtained from the constructed model, with the values of other references. The result of this comparison shows good agreement with other literatures.

The biometric system that based on single biometric measure (Unimodal) are usually contained variety of problems and limitation like noisy data, does not provide high security and non-university, so we used the multibiometric system to improve the recognition rate, get better security than the unimodal systems and higher efficiency. This study aims to identify a person by using multibiometric traits (Signature, Face and Fingerprint) by using different technique (Singular Value Decomposition (SVD,PCA and wavelet energy). The quality and accuracy of the identification and recognition of the person are measured in this system by computing the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the Mean Square Error (MSE) for face, fingerprint, and signature.

The current study established that the histopathological changes in the skin of male mice injected with resistant isolate to ciprofloxacin harbouring gyrA mutant mixed with the ciprofloxacin at sub minimum inhibitory concentration (512 micrograms / ml) was less severe than what it waas noticed in the mice injected with the sensitive isolate, which confirms that the antibiotic imposed a stress on the bacterial cell to prevent the production of virulence factors. Simultaneously, it was observed that the sensitive isolate caused severe histological changes in the mice skin layers than wrought by the isolate bearing resistance genes for ciprofloxacin, which confirms that the sensitive isolate owns more virulence determinants than its counterpart; resistant one.

This study is aimed to investigate the level of lipid in patients with heart risk factor and the relationship between different kinds of lipid .blood samples were collected from 90 patients with heart risk factor and from 25 healthy individuals as a control from Baghdad city , from 24/1/2016 to 28/7/2016 .The results showed high levels of Cholesterol (CH) , Triglycerides (TG), Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in patient with heart risk factor compared with control . The highest level were found in patient with atherosclerosis compared with control . the levels of (CH,TG,LDL and VLDL ) were (256,238,177,and 47)mg/dl respectively , while in control were (174,138,103 and 27) mg/dl respectively .On the other hand , the concentration of High density lipoprotein (HDL) was lower in all patients compared with control . The lowest concentration was recorded in angina pectoris at 27 mg/dl compared with 43 mg/dl in control .

The present study aimed to investigate the morphological description and histological structure of the lungs in Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus) The anatomical study revealed that lungs in (Hemiechinus auritus) The Lung are a pair of Sponge like organs located inside the thoracic cavity They are not directly attached to the ribs, enclosed by two layers of pleura inside pleura cavity. The study revealed that intrapulmonary bronchial with diameter of (3) mm the Tunica mucosa consisted epithelium was of pseudostratified columnar ciliated type having goblet cells The mucous membrane has many longitudinal folds، The hyaline cartilage pieces around the bronchial are very ill developed and but are not ossified. Histological examination revealed that bronchial branches in Hedgehog into medium sized bronchial with mean diameter of1-1.5mm, the longitudinal mucons folds become lower, that lined by simple columnar ciliate epithelium. While The small-sized bronchial coming with mean diameter of 0.5-0.7mm, their mucous folds are still lower,.Results of the present study revealed that bronchioli respiratorii become boundary of transition is very indefinite, because the epithelium remains to be the same simple columnar ciliate in most cases.. According to the results of this study, none of the lymphocytes were collected.

P.aeruginosa bacteria are opportunistic pathogens capable of infection almost every tissue in the body as a result of possessing a large variety of virulence factors which significantly contribute to the pathogenicity of the host events. In the current study was to collect 119 samples from different clinical and environmental sources. to investigate the spread of bacteria P.aeruginosa and to study the virulence factors by a sample of 90 of those patients in several Hospitals in the city of Baghdad, including 33 samples of burns infections, 22 samples of wound infections, 17 samples of Otitis media infections, and 11 samples for urinary tract infections as well as 7 isolates belonging to patients with cystic fibrosis, The environmental samples included 10 samples of soil, 10 samples of water, and 9 samples of theaters. Diagnosed develop isolated after planted on different growth media through phenotypic traits and microscopic examinations and confirmed diagnosis using API 20E kit, as well as molecular diagnostics definitive diagnosis of isolates that give a positive result as bacteria P.aeruginosa during the previous tests were depending on the gene diagnosis 16SrDNA with a special bacterial sequence of P.aeruginosa. Diagnostic results showed that 61 isolated a 51% belonging for the type of P.aeruginosa of the total clinical and environmental samples that were divided on 15 isolates 24.6% of cases of burns infections, 13 isolates 21.4% of cases of wound infections, 10 isolates 16.3% of cases of Otitis media infections, 5 isolates 8.3% of cystic fibrosis, 4 isolates 6.5% of cases of urinary tract infections, 6 isolates 9.8% of soil, 4 isolates 6.5% of water, and 4 isolates 6.5% of the galleries operations. The results of the phenotypic detections of some virulence factors showed that 95% of the isolates were producing hemolysin enzyme type β –hemolysis, while it was 93.44% of the isolates producing protease enzyme and to varying degrees, and the percentage of isolates producing pyocyanin pigment was 73.13%. The prevalence of some virulence factors of P.aeruginosa was investigated in both clinical and environmental isolates by molecular genetic methods, included these genes each of the genes encoded of fatty proteins Opr I, Opr L. The results showed the existence of genes ( Opr I ) increased by 100%, while the gene Opr L ratio was 96.72% within the genetic structure of the isolates studied.

The determination of accuracy , precision and efficiency were carried out in this study , Four method were used : one of them was colorimetric (monoxam method) and three enzymatic method as kits which provided by (Biomaghreb, Biosystem, Randox) , In which the comparison between the four methods were carried out by using Relative stardard deviation –RSD%, Error percentage and variation coefficient )CV) for methods under investigation.The more accurate and consensual and efficient was wein original concentration of 50 mg /100 cm3 for methods Monnoxam the number of ready-made processed Biomaghreb companies, Biosystem's, and was more accurate and agree and accuracy to focus the original 40 mg / 100 cm3 to the way many ready-processed from its parent company Randox for used urea standard Solutions.The accuracy, precision and efficiency for the fourth method were higher at 40 mg/dl for standard urea solution , In which the RSD was 0.080% error % was 1.398% and CV was 0.197%.No significant variation were indicate for urea concentration in quality control solution by using the for the fourth method in which the error% was 2.106% , while the higher precision was indicate for the second method in which the RSD 0.001 %.

The aim of this study determine of some biochemical parameters in serum of pregnant women. The possibility of using these parameters as an indicator of duration of pregnancy. This study was conducted on 75 of blood samples from healthy pregnant women , from 1/2 /2016 to 30/6/2016 divided into three groups. aged (17 – 43 ) years , and the study samples comparad with 25 sample for healthy women not pregnant as a control. A comparison in hematological parameters between the three groups with each other and with the control showed there was a significant difference in total count white blood cell between the three groups and the control (P≤0.05) and the highest level was in group III. Respect to Hb and PCV% t results showed low significant in Group III when compared with groups I and II. The result of study showed a non-significant (p≤0.05) in total protein of all studied groups and control group , albumin were significantly decreased in the groups II and III compared to non-pregnant women, but there was no significant difference between the three groups in globulin and glucose(RSG). The activity of catalase and uric acid concentration were significantly lower in pregnant women in the groups I,II and III as compared to control group.

In this research, activated carbon (A.C) and non-activated carbon (N.A.C) have been produced from heavy crude oil wastes by distillation operations, carbonization and activation. Anhydrous zinc chloride (ZnCl2) (10% W/V) have been used for activation process with temperature of (500) ºC. Adsorption processes of Nitrobenzene on the surface of (A.C) and (N.A.C) have been studied at (pH = 7) with various periods for contact (10-120) minutes and with temperatures of (283, 293, 303, 313) K, using solutions of (50, 100, 150, 200) mg \ L versus grain size of carbon (Mesh 70). The results showed that the percentage of adsorption increases with increasing of temperature and contact time. The highest percentage of adsorption of Nitrobenzene reached to (98.40) %, using (A.C) and solutions of (100 mg \ L) concentration at contact time of (120 minutes) and temperature of (313 K), whereas a higher percentage of adsorption of Nitrobenzene reached to (97.05) %, using (N.A.C) at the same previous conditions.Equations of Frendlich, Langmuir and Temkin have been applied on the adsorption processes. The results showed that all of the equations fit with adsorption processes according to correlation factor values (R2). The thermodynamic functions have been calculated. Values of (ΔGº) showed that the adsorption processes were spontaneous. Values of (ΔHº) showed that the adsorption processes were physisorption and endothermic.

In this research, new demulsifiers were prepared from cheap commercial and available materials, these materials are palmatic acid, tri ethanol amine and amino acid alanine. The first demulsifier was prepared by the reaction of the palmitic acid with tri ethanol amine by the synthesis method and the reflux method, The second demulsifier was prepared by the reaction of the palmatic acid with the amino acid alanine in the same way as before, and then by reacting the product with sodium hydroxide to produce an anion demulsifier. The prepared demulsifiers were evaluated in the lab with the commercial demulsifier (RQ-35). The first demulsifier (2-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl acrylate) equalized with commercial demulsifier, while the second demulsifier (Sodium 2-palmitamido propanoate) exceeded it.