URUK FOR HUMANITIES

This brief study is an attempt to study the supplication discourse that the infallible undertakes to the discourse of the Great Creator according to the etiquette of the discourse that characterizes the infallible. - How to guide the speech to God Almighty in a polite manner, in addition to teaching the servant how to obtain the pleasure of God through that humiliation and recognition in a system of speech actions that were dominant in each of the supplication passages which the researcher tried to highlight with the grace of God and according to what is possible and it is a study A deliberative prayer.

The current research aims to identify (knowing the role of social control institutions in reducing the phenomenon of student cheating) and in order to achieve the research goal, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach as a method for research, and the researchers identified all parents of students in the city of Samawah - Iraq, and the sample size was (100) From the parents of the students, and after reviewing the previous literature, the research tool was prepared consisting of (20) paragraphs distributed over (5) areas, namely (religion, socialization, customs, traditions and customs, reward and punishment, law), which were applied to the research sample and in the light of Results The researcher reached a number of results, the most important of which are as follows:
1- The field of (Social Upbringing) ranked first with an arithmetic mean of (4.54), a standard deviation of (0.83), and a percentage of (90.8%).
2- The field of (Customs, Traditions, and Customs) came in the second rank, with an arithmetic mean (4.46), a standard deviation (0.86), and a percentage (89.2%).
3- The field of (religion) ranked third, with an arithmetic mean (4.38), a standard deviation (0.99), and a percentage (87.6%).
4- The field (Reward and Punishment) ranked fourth, with an arithmetic mean (4.35), a standard deviation (0.90), and a percentage (87%).
5- The field of (law) came in the fifth rank, with an arithmetic mean (4.19), a standard deviation (1.12), and a percentage (83.8%).
In the light of these results, the researcher made a number of conclusions, the most important of which are:
1- The family has a major role in reducing the phenomenon of students cheating in exams, since social upbringing falls initially on the parents in bringing up their children in a sound social upbringing that distinguishes between right and wrong.
2- The prevailing social customs, traditions and habits in the society constituted an important control in the proper behavior of the individual, and forced individuals to follow the rules of behavior desirable in the society.
3- Religion directs individuals towards moderate behavior, and forbids fraud in all its forms, in order to achieve social solidarity, and the researcher believes that the influence of religion is great on all institutions of social control.

The research aims to present Britain's position on the issue of the Polish borders during the period (1919-1923), Which covers from the Peace Conference in Paris, which had begun on January 18, 1919, to the British recognition of the eastern borders of Poland, which occurred on March 15, 1923.
The research divided the events chronologically into six parts: Britain's position on: the Paris Peace Conference, then the Polish-Czechoslovak dispute, the Polish-Bolshevik dispute, and then the Polish-Lithuanian dispute. The Polish-German dispute, and finally Britain's position at the Genoa Conference, which included recognition of the eastern borders of the Republic of Poland.
Through the research, it was found that the best characteristic of Britain's position towards Poland was in the first years after its independence. It is to achieve its interests and strategic goals in Eastern Europe. The researcher used Arabic, English and Polish sources in assigning the body of the research.

The study revealed that there is a change in the hydrological characteristics of the river and that the water discharge varies temporally and spatially. It is noted through the study from 1970-2021 that the discharge rate of the Euphrates River recorded the highest rate of discharge during the period 1972-1981 at an amount of 340 m 3 / sec and then begins to decrease in recent years until In the period 2012-2021, it reached 23 m3 / sec. The percentage of TDS salts varied during the period from 2000-2020 and gradually increased, reaching in the year 2000 about 1800 mg / liter, the percentage of dissolved salts, while it increased in the year 2020 to 2532 mg / liter.

The scientific study of the concept of the state coincided with the emergence of political geography.However, this emergence is linked to the ancient roots of geography studies After geographical determinism dominated the study of the state in the first stage of the development of political geography.The real emergence of the study of the state came in the stage of the state as a living being by Ratzel at the end of the nineteenth century.However, its study at this stage was subject to a kind of inevitability as well. Geopolitical studies continued until the second half of the twentieth century linking human activity and the political system on the one hand.And the impact of the natural environment on the other hand, but starting from the fifties of the twentieth century, geographical studies began to focus on the study of the political region / state, and in this context, many approaches appeared seeking to develop political geography.

The research aims to know the geopolitical decline of the population, which is a factor of strength in international relations and the life of states. The decisive factor may not be the number of the population in this area, but the quality of the population and their level of awareness, culture and development play an important role in that It is natural that the decline of the population of Iraq, the armed forces and the countries of its geographical neighborhood has it as an essential, pivotal and effective aspect of the power of the state and its componentsin order for the true picture of its negative and positive aspects to appear, so we must take note of the population numbers and the numbers of military forces for Iraq and its neighboring countries and the countries of its geographical neighborhood, which is expressed in geopolitics in a mathematical way according to the following equation:"The sum of the population of all the neighboring countries of Iraq over the population of the State of Iraq", and the geopolitical regression data that is related to the population (population size) of a given country was analyzed and compared with the total population of its neighboring countriesIt turns out that the similar percentages for each of its neighboring countries, we would have found there a demographic and military difference, and thus a geopolitical decline between them. We also counted the total number of neighboring countries to Iraq’s neighboring countries. It also appeared that there is a demographic difference and a geopolitical decline. And from this difference, it is possible to know the strength or weakness of the state in terms of population and militarily, and the extent of its impact on its neighboring countries in war and peace, because the population is its concern.Therefore, political geography came in its most prominent role to reveal the interdependence between the population of Iraq and its neighboring countries and the countries of its geographical neighborhood.

The means of cohesion lead to a textual function that goes beyond the issue of linking at the apparent level, to link the grammatical, semantic, and rhetorical levels of the text to each other, and to contribute to building the semantic text base, and to reveal some of the discourse’s intentions. The text, but it is concerned with showing the overall meaning of the text by tracing the associative path of its minor and major semantic structures, as the text is generated through the relationships between its parts within its subject matter, which is the main idea in the text and the nucleus of its content on which its semantic base is based, thus achieving the spread and expansion of the text, and this major semantic structure It may extend to the external contexts of the text as part of the process of overall coherence of the discourse.

The study aims to show the criteria of hierarchy and scientific capital in the field of sociology in Iraqi universities, and we have questioned three main questions: what does the scientific title as a socio-calendar rank relate to the scientific fame of professors, what does the scientific title have to do with scientific authority, and finally the relationship of the scientific title to scientific publication?, and the research of these questions required the use of a mean sample consisting of (20) academic professors in the sociology departments of Iraqi universities. The study found that the relational-varying impact between scientific title (Rank) as a differential criterion and scientific capital according to indicators (scientific fame, authority, scientific dissemination) was clarified.

The Syrian government has always paid great attention to the primary education stage, by drawing up policies for this stage, which was evident in the adoption of the compulsory education law, which was not limited to the primary stage only, but included all educational stages in the educational system of the Syrian government, and these policies were characterized by keeping pace with The steady increase in the population, and thus the entry of large numbers of students to schools of that stage, which requires the development of appropriate government plans in the long and short term alike to organize the work of those schools.

This research aims to reveal the real motives behind the establishment of the Chinese military base in Djibouti, and in fact this base is the first in the history of China outside its borders. China's establishment of it came after it presented itself as a country that has a global project represented by the Belt and Road Initiative, which makes it among the great powers. The research concluded that the Chinese military base in Djibouti has become today one of the important bases in the region by virtue of the strategic location that Djibouti enjoys, which is located on one of the busiest sea routes in the world, and given that Beijing has trade of more than a billion dollars with the countries of the European Union in One day, a large part of this trade passes through the Gulf of Aden, and at least 40% of China's total oil imports take place through it, as well as only 3% of Beijing's imports of crude oil and only 4% of its gas imports. It passes through the Bab al-Mandab Strait. Also, the military and security motives were clear and strong in establishing the Chinese military base in Djibouti, as it enabled it to intensify its military presence and provide logistical and military support to other units, in addition to that, China's participation in anti-piracy operations. China's adoption of the Belt and Road Initiative, which represents the project of the century, requires its support and protection with a number of military bases. Therefore, the Chinese base facilitates Chinese investments in Africa, as well as protecting the large number of Chinese companies on the African continent, which number 10,000, which provided more than a million job opportunities for the Chinese, which requires a military presence. Permanent to secure protection.

The poets of the nineties generation create a future in their creative writings. They understood the present well, so they were able to create the future. Through their understanding of the present, they were able to understand the future and reveal what is in it. We even found the nineties poets’ view of the future varying between positive and dark negativity, dictated by itself and what is going on within it. Of feelings and emotions. They intentionally looked to the future and what it dictated to them, to relieve their selves, who aspire to change and renewal, and what is included in the deteriorating reality of living, in order to create for themselves a future reality in which they can express their feelings, and in addition to that, they have a sufficient degree of social sensitivity towards the expected recipient. The poets of the nineties future, when we contemplate their poetry, we find that they are conscious writings that reveal poetic sincerity.

The research aimed to shed light on the phenomenon of electoral violence that accompanied the parliamentary elections during the royal era 1921-1958, and the period 1934-1936 was chosen because it witnessed an intensification of electoral violence in the country in general and the Diwaniyah district in particular, given its tribal composition and the involvement of candidates for elections in partisan currents that were violently wrestling to take The largest number of parliamentary seats during the search period.

The current paper aims at:
1- Building an educational program depends on formative evaluation strategies in developing literary imagination and achievement among fourth literary students in literature and texts.
2- Knowing the effectiveness of educational program that based on formative evaluation strategies in developing literary imagination.
3- Knowing the effectiveness of educational program that based on formative evaluation strategies on the obtaining results of the fourth literary students in literature and texts.
To achieve the aims of the research, the researcher follows Descriptive procedures, experimental method procedures. The researcher has prepared an educational program included educational aims on the light of the literary topics in Arabic subjects that was determined for the students of fourth literary class and its method of teaching as well as appropriate strategies and accompanying activities, educational aids, and assessment tools. The researcher gets the validity of the researcher by showing his works on experts and raters. The researcher adopted an experimental design with partial control, which is the design of the two equal groups with a pre and posttest in order to identify the effectiveness of the educational program in the development of literary imagination and achievement. The researcher choses Qutaiba preparatory school for boys. In a random way, the researcher chose section B and section A to represent the control numbers. The research samples consisted of 93 students. The researcher a statistical equivalence between the students of the two research groups.

This analytical study approaching the values of citizenship included in the text book of civic education for the second grade in the light of the reforms of the second generation which are destined for the pupils of the Algerian school, aims at identifying the essential values related to the citizenship which this text book introduces, by answering this fundamental question: what are the various values of citizenship included in the school book of civic education of the second grade within the framework of the reforms of the second generation? It is divided into two questions:1-What are the different values of citizenship included in the civic education book for the second grade of primary school in terms of duties?-2-What are the different values of citizenship included in the civil education book for the second grade of primary school in terms of rights? On this basis, a set of values of rights and duties in the book has been designed. The study was based on a sample of the concerned population through the book of civic education for the second year of primary school provided by the Ministry of National Education for this school level in order to analyze the content. The study was carried out using statistical methods such as: repetition, and percentage. The study resulted in the values of citizenship represented by the duties, such as the control of work, protection and cleanliness of the environment, hygiene of body, solidarity, respect and obedience, as well as rights such as education, rest, leisure, dialogue, healthy food and inculcate them in young people as well as build the good citizen as well as good citizenship.

This research is based on monitoring, inventorying and exploring the linguistic and semantic meanings of the two terms (makeen and maknoun). The linguistic meanings have been monitored in many dictionaries. As for the Qur’anic expression, it had several meanings. The word (makeen) appeared in the Holy Qur’an in four places. their meanings And one of its meanings was (the able-bodied, the powerful, the saying with a high position and status), while the word (the hidden) was mentioned in the Qur’anic expression in four places as well, and its semantic meanings (transparency, beauty and serenity) The study came in three sections, the first (explaning the concept of the two words linguistically and idiomatically), while the second section was (discovering the significance of the word (makin) in the Qur’anic expression), and the third was marked with (the meaning of the word hidden in the Qur’anic context), and the study ended with a conclusion containing the most important results .

The aim of the research is to identify the reality of the use of programmed thinking among teachers of the Arabic language in the intermediate stage and their attitudes towards it. The second is intermediate in the Directorate of Education of Dhi Qar Governorate - Al-Rifai Education Department and its sub-districts, they were chosen randomly, and due to the nature of the research, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of (24) paragraphs in three areas: (planning, and lesson implementation , and evaluation) and the trends scale consisting of (24) items, and their validity and reliability were verified, and the statistical analysis package (spss) was adopted to extract the results. The results showed:
1. The reality of using programmed thinking among Arabic language teachers in the intermediate stage was low, although their attitudes were moderate.
2. The reality of using programmed thinking among teachers of the Arabic language in the intermediate stage from the point of view of the teachers themselves according to gender (male, female) was low, although there were trends in favor of males.
3. The reality of using programmed thinking among Arabic language teachers in the intermediate stage from the point of view of the teachers themselves varies according to the years of experience. It was low, and there were no trends according to the variable of years of experience.
The research recommended the following:
- Holding periodic meetings for teachers, educational supervisors and those responsible for training courses to exchange experiences and proposals in the field of training needs that they need in employing programmed thinking in education.
- Trying to employ programmed thinking skills in more exercises, educational activities and programs to reach more results that are satisfactory.

Industry was an important tributary for Persia and Shiraz in particular, so this sector
was exposed to a lot of damage, especially before the advent of Karim Khan Al-Zand and after his death. Which contributed to the destruction of this sector, including the competition for power among its successors.

The study focused on health services through a spatial analysis of specialized centers in the city of Samawah, and aims to measure spatial efficiency from the reality of spatial distribution by defining the range of the served population to demonstrate ease of access and fairness of distribution using geographic information systems technology, and to measure the efficiency of functional services provided to the population according to local health standards, to detect The state of deficit and surplus in the centers, and reaching to know the extent of their divergence or agglomeration within the spatial space, and due to their small numbers, this led to the weakness of the services provided to the population and the increase in pressure on the centers .

The First World War inflicted severe material and human damage on Iran, as the hostile forces often dealt with the Iranians as enemies, so many defenseless residents were subjected to extermination and killing, and the farms of some of them were confiscated, and they were put to work as wage earners under threat, and many farms were destroyed and irrigation canals were destroyed, and women were not spared From harassment, many of them were assaulted, especially by the Cossack forces .
During 1918, Iran witnessed a conflict in the capital and another in the regions between clans, represented by civil wars and cruelty in imposing taxes. This forced the farmer to leave the land, which generated a food crisis and a deterioration in the living conditions of Iranian families
Iranian women suffered from the repercussions and effects of the war, and the burdens increased on them, and they were often forced to bear responsibilities, as many women lost their husbands, and became without a breadwinner; Which forced her to bear the harsh livelihood of her children and some of them were forced to emigrate after foreign forces seized their lands, which increased her family problems.

The study concluded, evaluating the level of noise intensity in the study area, by diagnosing the noise-causing sources due to the multiplicity of human activities in the city using a device (Sound Level Meter) model [As-M524] of American origin. The Sound Level Meter Lutron As - M524 was calibrated over a sensitivity range of [130 - 30] dB. As for the second, it was measured according to the type of noise source. When measuring road and traffic noise, a location was chosen at the side of the road, and in the case of traffic intersections, The center of the intersection is taken as a location to measure the noise level. As for the noise of residential neighborhoods, the researcher walks in the residential neighborhood until the device’s reading of the noise level is stable .
The results showed high levels of noise in most of the measurement sites, as in the industrial workshop sites, which amounted to [96 dB], and traffic intersections, which exceeded [90 dB], and reached in the popular markets [89.5 dB].

The purpose of this research was to investigate the amount of medical waste generated by various health institutions in Al-Muthanna Governorate including Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital and Hospital of Educational Children. In addional, identify the improper disposal methods used, such as incineration without proper medical waste storage facilities recommended by the World Health Organization. These improper methods have led to the contamination of waste dumps with hazardous medical waste, putting hospital workers at risk of contracting diseases. The study revealed that the weight of medical waste varied among hospitals and departments, both spatially and temporally. This topic was chosen due to the increasing concern about tourism pollution and its associated health risks, including the spread of tourism-related diseases and their effects.

The Umm Al-Khailan area , located in the Badia of Al-Muthanna Governorate , includes four basins : Al-Ghadeer ,Abu Nakhila, Abu-Hayas and Umm Al-Khailan. Its occupies an area of 684.4Km2. The study showed that the basins varied in their areal and formal characteristics, as their areas ranged between 42.8 – 432.4 km2, while their perimeters ranged between 49.4 – 231.9 km, and their length ranged between 17.8 - 68.9 km, and the average width ranged between 2.4 - 8.3 km, which indicates All ponds are characterized by increased length compared to width. As for the morphological characteristics, they varied from one basin to another, as the rate of elongation ranged between 0.34 - 0.40, which means that all basins have a shape similar to a rectangular . As for the circulation rate, it ranged between 0.17 - 0.23, which means that the basns move away from the circular shape, and the perimeter cohesion in the study basins ranged between 2.2 – 3.2. As for the divergence coefficient in the basins of the study area, it appeared that Al-Ghadir Basin is bulging, while other three basins are not dented. The values of the integration coefficient increased in all basins of the study area, which indicates the elongation of the basins, the ir shapes, while the values of the average length increased to asymmetry meandering of their surroundings. They are still at the beginning of their geomorphological cycle , while the ratio of length to width increased in all indicates that all basins tend to be elongated rather than circulation .

This research studies how to use the elements of narration in the poems of the contemporary poet Saad Sibahi. We aims to study the interaction of these elements with the poetic text. And how did the narrative structure affect the poem of Sibahi?
The research proceeds, in its methodology, from the analyzing the elements of the poetic text and clarifying its features in an attempt to identify the features of the development that occurred at the level of Iraqi poetry. Hence, what is the benefit obtained by the Sabahi from the use of narration elements in his poetic text؟
Saad Sibahi was chosen as an example for the study, as he is one of the most important poets in Al Samawa city, in addition to being one of the pioneers of Arabic poetry in Al-Muthanna Governorate, and he has interacted with many poetic generations since the seventies of the last century.

The study included the anxieties of the Arabs before Islam in dentistry, in which they had great importance and care. The preciousness of the Arabian Peninsula initiated the dwelling of the Arabs, including the civilization of the Valley of the others and the harm of the Nile Valley, with which they have an ethnic relationship.

The research deals with the redemption operations of the Spanish and Portuguese prisoners who were captured in Morocco during the campaigns launched by the Spanish and the Portuguese on the Moroccan coasts and the redemption operations carried out by the Spanish Church and other parties to rid the Christians of the families of Moroccans or Andalusians in Morocco, and the research also highlights the importance of the economic revenue from money redemption.

The aim of the current research is to reveal the connected correlation between creative thinking and examination tension to a sample of preparatory students where (119) have been chosen from male and female gender who are in forth scientific grade. The creative thinking mode of assessment has been adopted which was prepared by (Mohamad and AL-Muhja, 2007).
So, the study conductors have set out a scale to examination tension. Then, credentiality and stability have been tested. Moreover, statistical information have been collected and treated statistically. The outcomes of the research yielded the following results:
1- The students of forth scientific grade do not have creative mode of thinking and there was no difference with statistical significance regarding to gender variable of male and female.
2- Students of forth scientific grade have got an examination tension and there was no difference with statistical significance according to gender variable of male and female.
3- There is a weak inverse correlation between creative thinking and exam anxiety, as the calculated value reached (-0.12), which is statistically significant. In the light of these results, the research reached a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

The English orientalist David Samuel Margliouth recorded a great presence in modern Arab criticism, especially in the article “The Origins of Arabic Poetry” published in the Asian Journal in 1925, in which he dealt with the ignorance of pre-Islamic poetry. This article received great attention from Arab critics, the most prominent of whom was Taha Hussein, who He adopted the ideas of Margliouth and worked on developing and strengthening them with evidence and other topics in a book he issued a year after the article was published under the title (On Pre-Islamic Poetry).
In this research titled (The Origins of Arabic Poetry by Magliouth, Presentation and Criticism), we review this article through a critical and objective reading to respond to what was prejudiced, and to clarify what was ambiguous, as well as what represented refutable points of view.
The research was based on two chapters. In the first, we reviewed the intention of the writer and the topics he presented, and in the second, we tried to respond to some of what was mentioned in the article with some objectivity and away from intolerance, seeking objectivity and conscious critical reading, so that the research ends with:
- The evidence and evidence that Margliouth relied on to reinforce his views were true and true in their entirety.
- The critic tried to convince the recipient in different ways, employing the proofs and evidence that he gleaned from the pre-Islamic poetry itself, as he is trying to destroy this poetry through the poetry itself.
- Margliouth relied on weak narrations, and narrators of questionable credibility, to reinforce his views.
Doubts about the authenticity of some of this poetry, which we call pre-Islamic poetry, is legitimate, but it is not legitimate to deny all this poetry from that era.

This study aimed to reveal the international test standards (TIMSS) and the degree of their inclusion in the science book for the second intermediate grade and the level of those standards in the research sample, as well as the level of their knowledge of the requirements of future foresight, and its relationship between them. The research was conducted on a random sample of (60) male and female students from public middle schools affiliated to the Directorate of Qalaat Sukkar Education Department, one of the departments of the General Directorate of Education of Dhi Qar Governorate. The researcher designed three tools: the content analysis form, the test according to the (TIMSS) framework, and the future foresight requirements scale.
The research reached results, the most important of which is that the level of (TIMSS) test standards in science among second grade intermediate students came with an average rate of (64.91), where the knowledge of facts skill came in the first place with a percentage of (73.75), then followed by the skill of application in the second place with a percentage of (63.75). 31) Finally, the reasoning skill was solved by (57.68), and it was found that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the (TIMSS) test for male students in favor of the female students, and there is no statistically significant difference between the average degrees of familiarity with the requirements of future foresight, and it was found that there is a strong correlation between International Test Standards (TIMSS) and requirements for future foresight, and the researcher recommended a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which is the need to emphasize the requirements for future foresight in all educational stages and expand the base of national tests conducted by the Iraqi Ministry of Education.

The research aims to identify the social representations of body image and its relationship to aesthetic standards, in the city of Erbil, by identifying the nature of the relationship between social representations in body image and its relationship to aesthetic standards for both sexes in general, among the residents of the city of Erbil for both sexes of the age group (18+). ) and above, and the size of the research sample was (444) units, and the period of data collection extended from 10/21/2021 to 1/3/2022. to the following results:
1. The relationship of social representations as a main factor with the social dimension was (0.934), for the psychological dimension (0.902), while the health dimension was (0.871), and it was between the social dimension and the psychological dimension (0.762) and with the health dimension (0.711), and the relationship between the psychological dimension and the health dimension (0.704(, all of which are statistically significant.
2. The results of the factor of aesthetic criteria for females were (0.972), and aesthetic criteria for males were (0.973), and the relationship of aesthetic criteria for females with males was )0.892), which is a satisfactory coefficient that measures the responses of the sample units to the research subject in general.