Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

Literature is generally used in English language teaching for the development of knowledge about the language . REACT (Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating and Transferring) model has been used as a model in teaching English literary texts . This study aims at investigating its effectiveness for teaching literary texts to EFL preparatory school students through:
1-assessing the average level of the 5th year preparatory school students\' achievement in English literary texts.
2-finding out whether there is any significant difference between students\' achievement of the experimental group and that of the control group in the posttest.
3- finding out whether there is any significant difference between the students\' achievement at the recognition level and that at the production level of the posttest.
4- finding out whether there is any significant difference between the experimental group\'s achievement in the pretest and posttest.
A sample of ninety EFL fifth year preparatory school students have been randomly selected from Al-Kansaa Preparatory School for Girls during the academic year(2021-2022), that represents (73.17) of its original population and divided into two equal groups, i.e. experimental and control groups. Both groups have been equalized in their age, their parents’ educational achievement, and their previous year achievement in English.
The required data has been collected and analyzed statistically. The obtained results indicates that REACT model is more effective than using the conventional method for teaching literary texts. Finally, the study ends up with some conclusions and recommendations.

This study is intended to investigate the use of minor sentences in Disney children’s stories. These sentences do not follow the regular clause structure patterns or the variants of those structures. Minor sentences are of two types: irregular sentences (henceforth IrrSs) and nonsentences (henceforth NonSs). The study aims at (i) investigating the most frequent subtypes of IrrSs and NonSs in Disney stories, and (ii) identifying the most frequent type of minor sentences in Disney children’s stories. Fulfilling the above aims, the study hypothesizes that independent phrase is the most frequent subtype of NonSs, while elliptical sentence in dialogue is the most frequent subtype of IrrSs. The study examines the use of IrrSs and NonSs in fifteen Disney children’s stories. The data are analyzed according to Quirk et al.'s (1985) model. The results show that IrrS appears (293) times while NonS occurs (711) times, with percentages of (29.18%) and (70.81%) respectively. It is found also that elliptical sentences in dialogue is the most frequent subtype of IrrSs with a frequency rate amounting to (126, 43%) and independent phrases is the most frequent subtype of NonSs that occurs (302) times with a percentage of (42.47%). The study concludes that NonS is the most frequent type of minor sentence. It is also concluded that elliptical sentences in dialogue and independent phrases are the most frequent subtypes of IrrSs and NonSs respectively.

The study of gender and language goes beyond just describing the differences between men's and women's linguistic patterns to reveal how language functions as a symbolic method to create and maintain individual, social, and cultural features and identities. Men's and women's linguistic patterns are different, according to research on language and gender. They claim that it is a proven reality caused by unequal and prevalent gender relations.This paper is extracted from the thesis of Ideologies behind Gender Bias in Selected English and Arabic Proverbs: A Pragma-Critical Discourse Analysis, as a prerequisite to be submitted to the Examining Committee.This study investigates the way gender relations are expressed and communicated via the use of English folk proverbs. The major focus of this research is the relationship between language, gender relations, and English culture. As a result, the study focuses on investigating how proverbs play, an important role in gender inequality, and the ideologies that justify them. The research hypothesizes: (1) gender ideologies are manifested discursively and culturally which stand against gender neutrality, (2) gender bias cannot be removed by gender neutrality. The study concludes: (1) that the proverbial discourse shows explicit and implicit ideologies that uphold current gender inequities, (2) gender bias represents the structure of the ideological communities, which is fostered discursively, thus it is an inescapable reality© 2023 JTUH, College of Education for Human Sciences, Tikrit University

Emma Donoghue is a well-known Irish-Canadian feminist author whose works deal with the difficulties of being a woman. She shows many images of how women have suffered in patriarchal societies, especially in the last ten years. Due to patriarchal ideology, women are seen as the “Other”. As a matter of fact, women experience dissatisfaction, despondency, powerlessness, and challenging situations. Emma Donoghue, in this regard, depicts female characters that struggle to avoid verbal and physical marginalization. The researcher analyzes Donoghue’s novel, namely The Pull of the Stars through the lens of feminist solidarity.