Iraqi Journal of Science and Technology

Abstract
In this research, corrosion tests carried out for the most important types of carbon steel and cast iron used in different applications. The research included experimental work by using drinking magnetized water in comparison with non-magnetized water under the same conditions. The water was passed through a continuous magnetic field with a flux density of (1685) Gauss, and corrosion rates were measured according to the standard (ASTM-G31-O4). The results indicated that water properties were effected by using a magnetic field so that the corrosion rates of steel and cast iron in magnetized water are slightly higher than in normal water, while the scale formation on surface of the samples corrosion in magnetized water were appeared less than in normal water . These results also showed the relationship between the corrosion resistance of steel and cast iron with microstructure, so that at the beginning of the test the types of cast iron had a high corrosion rate, but gradually these rate started to decrease till it approximately approached the corrosion rate of types steel whether magnetized water or normal water was used .

Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out in experimental field of Filed Crop Dept. of College of Agricultures - University of Baghdad/AL-Jadriya, in spring and fall seasons of 2017, to improve tow local varieties Abo-Akefa and Red seed by selection RCBD by split plot arrangements with three replicates were used. Water quantity, 100% ,75% and 50% from water requirements were occupied main plots and genotypes were occupied sub plots. The results have shown that many selectees genotypes gave higher TDM and head weight after one cycle of selection, for higher plant and size of head in traditional method, there were give 12.66 and 13.78% from the TDM to leaves weight, 42.69 and 43.39% to stems, 43.53 and 42.38 for head weight, respectively. It can be noticed that ratios were approximate for dry matter to stem and head weight. While, the selectees from earliness and head size by honeycomb gave higher head weight , despite they gave low TDM relatively compared with genotypes mentioned above, the leaves contributed with 14.92 and 14.50%, the stems 40.12 and 39.18%, where higher ratio for head weight 44.96 and 46.31% from TDM. The last selectees, they had been a target to grain sorghum breeders and this Indicating the efficiency of the selection in raising the efficiency of the genotypes in the partitioning of total dry matter.
Key Words: Dry Matter for Leaves, Stem and Head, Water Quantities and Total Dry Matter.

Abstract
A seismic refraction survey using 2D tomography technique achieved to determine the groundwater table level in Fadak farm which located in the area site called Sea of Najaf at the province of Najaf. Strata Visor –NZ seismograph instrument was used to achieve the survey using 24 geophones (P-wave type) spread along a profile of 188 m in length.
The research includes choosing a suitable location to obtain the required reading using (24 channels) seismograph with a geophone interval of 4 m to determine the extension depth of the ground water table level. This has been achieved by taking multi shots (24 shots) by using a sledge hammer along spread lines. Reflex W software used to analyze the data and drawing the survey sections of 2D Tomography. The velocities of the first layer was ranged between (537-794) m/sec and its depth ranged between (0-3.8) m. The velocity of the second layer was (2747) m/sec and its depth ranged between (3.8-24) m. The velocity of the third layer was (3186) m/sec and its depths were more than (24) m represents Dammam formation and considered within the groundwater aquifer.

Abstract
In this study, the acidity of rainwater and concentration of the carbon dioxide (CO2) in Baghdad city were measured and calculated. The applicability of the Henry\'s law of the solubility of gases in water is tested. The measurements of carbon dioxide concentrations in the outdoor air space are carried out in Baghdad city by using indoor air quality meter IAQ-CALC (TSI, USA). The acidity of the collected rainwater samples is measured using portable pH/EC/TDS meter. The concentration of the hydrogen ions from ionization of the carbonic acid are determined by using chemical equilibrium equations. The t-distribution test of the collected data indicates that there is no significant difference between the actual rainwater acidity and the equilibrium values calculated by Henry\'s law. The findings of this study suggest that there are no harmful effects related to acid precipitation in Baghdad city since the natural rainfalls have pH values between 5.8 and 6.6, which are significantly higher than the pH value of acid rainfall (less than 5.6).

Abstract
In this study (250 and 500)MHz antennas frequencies were used to perform eleven profile approximately perpendicular to the expected pipes at two areas to get the best subsurface picture. In the first area there are five profiles were chosen for interpretation, the pipe was found nearly at a depth of about 1.50m. in a location (4.14m.- 5.43m.) from the beginning of the profile using 250 MHz antenna, while it was found at a depth of 1.50m in a location 4.11m.- 4.76m. using 500 MHz. The second area (stadium) there are six profiles were chosen for interpretation , the pipe was found nearly at a depth of 1.30 m in a location 17.69m- 23.85m. from beginning of the profile using 250 MHz, antenna. while the pipe depth was about 1.30m. and its location was found to be between 18.6m.–21.45m. for 500 MHz .The results showed that the pipes were located at different depths and that they incised the study areas in slanted manner, and the results that have been reached in this research are differ with the engineering maps of the University of Baghdad with a slight difference of (2) meters.
Key Words: Ground Penetrating Radar, Subsurface Pipes and Geophysical Methods.

Abstract
The performance assessment of 15 kWp PV solar system installed at Baghdad/Iraq was achieved. The yields (final, reference) and performance ratio where changeable from (3.5-4.8) kWh/kWp-day, (4.3-7) kWh/kWp-day and (66-83) %respectively. The average yearly capacity factor was 18.4%, annual average performance ratio was75.55% with system efficiency of 13.27%, the yearly energy yield was 1585.16 kWh/kWp of year 2018. By using PVsyst software, it was found that the yearly predicted energy yield 1631 kWh/kWp with uncertainty of 2.8% from real value, this was because of differences between real metrological date of rainy and cloudy days in winter season and hot weather in summer season and estimated data in PVsyst software. The overall predict system losses due to module temperature rise, radiation reflection losses from the collector, system losses of inverter and DC, AC wiring were 16.7 %. The present study showed the generated energy was at a high value in August and lowest in December. The system performance was compared with other Grid-Tied PV solar systems in various countries around the world and found comparable. itis proved the very good long-term performance of this solar system in real operation conditions in Baghdad city climate in spite of high temperature in summer days and cloudy and rainy days during winter in Baghdad city.

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of improving chilled semen quality of Awassi rams by adding 0.0 mM vitamin E as control group and concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mM as T1-T6 respectively. Treatments were preserved at 5˚C for 72 hrs. Results showed significant increase in motility when vitamin E was added. For dead sperm%, till 24 hrs of preservation, any of the experimental treatments could significantly differ from the control. T3-T6 showed lowest percentages of abnormal spermatozoa when preserved for 72 hrs. The proportion of defected acrosome was the highest in control group after 72 hrs. The study concluded that vitamin E has capability to improve biological characteristics of Awassi rams semen under chilled preservation; it can be added to the citrate egg yolk extender with recommended level of 3 mM.

The study was carried out during the five months period (May to September 2017) between the farming period and the harvesting season. The mean values of moisture ratio (75.937 % to 70.498 %) were not significantly differ (P>0.05), however fat ratio (13.36 % to 6.33 %), protein ratio (21.79 % to 10.40 %) and ash ratio (2.35 % to 1.01 %) of fish meat samples, which were taken from different fish ponds, were found significantly different (P<0.05). The panel tests that were conducted to evaluate the quality of fish’s meat, showed significant differences (P<0.05) in tenderness (4.8 to 3.0 at degree scale 5) and overall acceptability (4.8 to 3.6 at degree scale 5), and no significant differences (P>0.05) in each of juiciness (4.2 to 3.4 at degree scale 5) and flavor (4.6 to 3.6 at degree scale 5).

In current study 324 examination fish which were 184 Planiliza abu , 40 Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi and 100 Cyprinus carpio fish from scattered local markets in the Missan Governorate during the study period from July 2016 to April 2017, two genes were recorded of nematodes of Eustrongylides spp. and Anisakis spp. , the total infection ratio of worms is 26. 54% , with ratio 7. 61% in Planiliza abu , 30% in the M. sharpeyi and 60% in C. carpio .Which recorded Eustrongylides spp. 3. 26% in P. abu only but absent in the other two species of fish, while recorded Anisakis spp. in C. carpio 60% , M. sharpeyi 30% and P. abu 4.35% .This is the first record of this genes in Missan Governorate, also a nematode Eustrongylides spp. is the first record in P. abu in Iraq . The aim of this study is to investigate of parasitic worms in P. abu , M. sharpeyi and C. carpio fish and compare with previous recording of parasitic worms in other fish of Iraqi Governorates to create an idea about the species of parasitic worms that infect Iraqi fish. It was conclude from this work that Eustrongylides spp. infect a few ratio of Iraqi fish, while Anisakis spp. infect most species of Iraqi fish with high infection ratio.

Abstract
Samples from the clay of the Hamrin lake were taken to detect its composition and the presence of different types of parasites that affect the workers\' health with clays.
The concentrations of metal major oxides ranges (48.4-51.2%) for SiO₂, (25.2-28.1%) for Al2O3 and (13.5-14.1%) for Fe2O3, while the concentrations of metal minor oxides were relatively low ranges (1.9-2.5%) for K2O and less than 0.8% for (Cr2O3, CuO, K2O and Na2O. A non-detectable percentage for MgO, MnO, P2O3, TiO3 and ZnO were obtained.
The most abundant clay in the samples was Kaolinite due to X-ray diffraction patterns, while quartz was the most abundant non-clay mineral.
This research detects cysts and trophozoites from several protozoa parasites in the soil such as (Entamoeba spp., Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Balantidium spp.; Cyclospora spp), as well as eggs of Ascaris and Ancylostoma spp.