Journal of University of Babylon

Surgical sutures are textile biomaterial used for wound closure and ligate blood vessels. One of disadvantages of this material is establishment of infection at the surgical site. Coating sutures with bioactive glasses can be used to overcome such side effect. In this study, multi-component bioactive glass was prepared by melt-derived route and used to coat Mersilk suture by in-house slurry dipping technique. The antimicrobial action of this coating was investigated in vitro against Staphylococcus aurous, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus and compared with tertiary-component (45S5) glass. The results indicated that multi-component bioactive glass coating exerted antibacterial action and this action increased with increasing glass concentration.

This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between insulin hormone with microalbuminuria and blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients. The results of this study showed that patients with diabetic of both male and female have significant elevation ( p ≤ 0.05 ) in insulin hormone levels, insulin resistance ,fasting blood glucose (FBG) and microalbuminuria than control group. Insulin sensitivity show significant decrease in diabetic group when compared with control group. There are no significant differences in blood pressure in diabetic group when compared with control group. According to the duration of disease the results showed that microalbuminuria exert significant elevation in the fourth duration (> 15) years of disease when compared with other duration and with the increase in the duration of diabetic , the fasting blood glucose (FBG) values showed a significant increase than the lower duration of diabetic.Insulin sensitivity values showed a significant decrease in the fourth duration (> 15) years of disease when compared with other duration . The correlation analysis showed that there were positive significant correlation between insulin and microalbuminuria in both genders in diabetic group , while there is an positive correlation between insulin and systolic pressure in males.
Conclusions: In diabetic patients ,hyperinsulinemia cause elevation in microalbuminuria and this increase the risk of development of nephropathy and progression of cardiovascular disease.

Background: MAC is a common finding in patient undergoes echo study; especially middle and old age group who undergo echo study for different reason .MAC is more common in patient with risk factor for ischemic heart disease.
Aim of study: to determine the incidence of ischemia diagnosed by TMT by Duke´s score among patients with mitral annulus calcification and to find the association between grade of mitral annulus calcification and IHD.
Material and methods: This study was hospital based cross sectional study carried out at outpatients echo unit at Merjan Medical City. Patients who included in the study had negative past medical history with different symptom either chest pain or shortness of breath or dizziness.
Results: Out of 66 patients with mitral annulus calcification (62.1%) of them were male, (48.5%) of them were diabetic, (62.1%) of them were hypertensive, (83.3%) of them had hyperlipidemia, (40.9%) of patients had grade 1 mitral annulus calcification. The incidence of ischemic heart diseases diagnosed by TMT was (57.6%). There was significant association between TMT results and grades of mitral annulus calcification.
Conclusion: MAC is associated with IHD, grades of mitral annulus calcification are strongly associated with IHD and MAC frequently associated with multiple risk factor of IHD like hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Any patient with MAC should be search for IHD and risk factors of IHD.

Rosacea is a chronic disease associated with an inflammatory process about which very little information is known. It is often a relapsing disorder, and long-term treatment is generally required. This study is a prospective therapeutic study design.The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Intensive Pulsed Laser (IPL) as a treatment option among rosacea patients. Twenty eight patients (twenty two females and eight males) suffered from mild to severe rosacea presenting to private dermatological specialist clinic and the outpatient clinic of dermatology in Merjan medical teaching hospital, Hilla, Iraq were assessed about the efficacy of using IPL as a treatment option for their rosacea symptoms during a period from April 2013 to February 2014. IPL treatment sessions were performed twice monthly for three consecutive months. Patients were evaluated by digital photography, dermatologist clinical evaluation and clinician and patient assessment through 10 point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The clinical evaluation of IPL response following the three months period of the study showed that, nearly most of patients had good to excellent improvement of their rosacea symptoms. It appeared that IPL was an effective treatment option for rosacea representing a new category of therapeutic opportunity for the rosacea patient.

In this research work natural bio polymer “chitosan” was synthesized using fish shells and adsorption of lead and mercury ions by chitosan were studied. Synthesize of chitosan involved three main stages, demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation. Chitosan was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and solubility in 1% acetic acid. The affinity of chitosan for lead and mercury was studied using Pb(NO3)2 and HgCl2 solution as the heavy metal solutions containing Pb (II) and Hg (II) ions.
The ability of chitosan as an adsorbent for Pb (II) and Hg (II) ions in aqueous solution was studied. The capacity of chitosan to trap lead and mercury ions in aqueous solution was carried out at 30oC using concentration as parameters. Our results show that the adsorption process is concentration-driven with high capacity of chitosan for the adsorption of these metals ions. The Infra red spectroscopic study on the chitosan and the metal-chitosan complexes reveal a metal coordination based on the observed characteristic band changes. At initial lead and mercury concentrations of 3, 5, 8 and 10 mg/L, the adsorbed ions concentrations were 2.7495, 4.5873, 7.4897 and 9.3648 mg/L for lead ions, and 2.8160, 4.6495, 7.2916 and 9.4551 for mercury ion.

The need for efficient image restoration methods has grown with the massive production of digital images and movies of all kinds have often been taken in poor conditions. No matter how good cameras are, an image improvement is always desirable to extend their range of action.
The search for efficient image de-noising methods still is a valid challenge, at the crossing of functional analysis and statistics. In spite of the sophistication of the recently proposed methods, most algorithms have not yet attained a desirable level of applicability. The main focus of this paper is to analyses, examines and compares various filters and de-noising methods such as morphology de-noising, singular value decomposition (SVD) de-noising, median and Gaussian filters, in addition to hybrid methods which combine two method.
The aim of this paper is to embark on the study of four types of noises such as Gaussian, Salt and Pepper, Poisson, and Speckle noise.
The resulted images after de-noising are evaluated visually and by using some performance evaluation methods such as PSNR.

The paper suggests a mathematical manner that simulates the transition processes of the hereditary information from/to its storage in the cell nucleus (genetic bases in DNA strand), and via central dogma processes. The suggested framework begins with a real mRNA codons sequence to recode the secret message from alphabet to real number values by using their statistics ,and then ,these real values will be stored in the genetic bases bonds in a novel technique and, via this step we can construct a numerical DNA strand for the original secret message ,that it can be manufactured biologically in the laboratory .The aim of the proposal technique is finding the mathematical framework which utilizes the variation fundamental of bonds power values between genetic bases to hide and to encrypt the secret information, then reproducing the DNA strand of the mRNA with the message. In this paper ,we describe the design of a DNA coder mechanism that simulates the processes of central dogma inverse operation to hide and to encrypt an information via this operation.

The objectives of this study are to evaluate the sandstone (quartz arenite) as anti-acidic and alkalis tiles bench. Sandstones of Rutbah Formation are studied petrographically, mineralogically and geochemically. They are subjected to the many tests to assess their suitability as dimension stone and resistance. The physical and mechanical properties which include bulk density, water absorption, compressive strength, modulus of rupture and abrasion resistance are computed in addition to acidic and alkalis resistance testes. The results are successful and encouraging showing the possibility of manufacturing resistance bench. The Iraqi and American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM) specifications are adopted for comparing the results.

A process of hiding the secret information in the cover media (i.e. image, audio, video, etc.) is called as Steganography, these cover media suffer from different problems that effect on their efficiency and performance such as the capacity of cover media. This paper overcome this problem and provide a method for embed secret image into videos which provide high security with computing speed, and without producing visible changes, which reduce the size of the cover video image clip before hiding secret color image (BMP format) in it, this method applied discrete wavelet transform (DWT) on the frames resulted from the video image, which produced LL, HH, LH, HL bands. Block based algorithm used to hide the secret information or image in the random selected LL frame, where a video can be viewed as a sequence of still images (frames) and the secret image are inserted in these frames. This method depends on searching for the similarity among the hiding data blocks and others in the cover image.
Then construct the compressed video clip containing secret data. in the other side the receiver used inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT) after cutting the compressed video into frames to done the decompression process on it ,then extract the secret image from the stego frame .Finally construct the uncompressed video.
Mean Square Error(MSE), Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and average difference(AD)are used to measure the quality of the compressed cover frame image and stego image, also compression ratio(C.R) are calculated between the original video clip image and stego-compressed video clip image, which show a very good result ,this system implemented using Visual basic.6 programming language.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) can be defined as damage to microvascular system in the retina due to prolonged hyperglycaemia , the major systemic risk factors for onset and progression of DR is duration of diabetes . In this study we try to study the possible candidate genes that may contributed for developing and progression of diabetic retinopathy, mainly polymorphism of aldose reductase gene and its roles in developing diabetic retinopathy. Polymorphism of C/T at -106 region of aldose reductase gene were studied by conventional polymerase reaction (PCR) and Restrictive fragment length polymorphism by restrictive endunuclase . We have investigated the C / T polymorphism at the promoter region of the ALR gene as a candidate gene for susceptibility to diabetic Retinopathy and found that CC genotype was( 27%) in non retinopathy , and in diabetic retinopathy was(56%) . The calculating odd ratio for CC genotype as risk factor with developing diabetic retinopathy was (3.5), and for C allele frequency the odd ratio was 2.9 which meaning that CC genotype is associated with increased risk for possibility of developing DRP and represented risk factor for developing DRP among type 2 diabetes mellitus . The prevalence of bad glycemic control as indicated by HbA1c among diabetic retinopathy patients and diabetic control groups are 70% and 58% respectively which proved that poor glycemic control for a long duration has a role in developing and progression of diabetic retinopathy .

Nonlinear dynamics from Vertical- Cavity Surface- Emitting Laser (VCSEL) are studied theoretically. We consider the modulation of current injected to the laser as the main cause of the usual and chaotic behavior, seen to occurs in the output of the laser. Various types of output is enhanced as a result of the variation of the three control parameters in this system.

Radon and thoron activity concentration levels have been determined in the soil of Hilla city, Iraq. The area of the study included ten districts, they are Hay-Shubbar-Althanya, Hay-Al-Jameaya, Hussein Al-Noor Village, Al-Tohmazya Aloulla, Al-Bakerly Althanya, Wardya Kharij Althanya, Sinjar Aloulla, Hay Al-Jamaan, University of Babylon, and Al-Dollab Village. In this investigation solid state nuclear detector (RAD7) are used. The samples are taken from the surface and the depth 30 cm for each location. Maximum activity of radon activity was (12700 Bq.m-3 ) while the minimum radon activity was (25 Bq.m-3) . The maximum thoron activity was (9448 Bq.m-3 ). while the minimum thoron activity (0.00 Bq.m-3) .
Analysis of activity concentration of 40K, 238U, 232Th radionuclides in soil samples for different locations at surface. The activity concentration of 40K was 433.122±2.98 Bq·kg−1. The range of measured activity of 238U in the soil of Hilla city 14.181±0.49 Bq·kg−1. The range of measured activity concentration of 232Th for the soil was 10.807±0.39 Bq·kg−1. While the depth 30 cm the an average activity concentration of 40K, 238U, 232Th was 428.783±2.97, 16.984±0.53, 7.710±0.33 respectively and the calculated absorbed dose rate was 31.324 nGy·h–1, outdoor and indoor values are 0.0384, 0.1537 mSv·y–1, respectively. The external hazard index (Hex) was 0.1701. Hin was 0.2084 and less than 1 and the calculated Iγ value are 0.4914.

This study aimed to assess the frequency of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and its association with some risk factors like intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). A total number of 111 patients with vaginal discharge were enrolled in this study in addition to control group (30 women). Case and control groups were taken from Babylon Hospital and some out patients clinics between January and December 2009. Only 46 out of 111 (41.44%) patients had BV while it was only (10%) in the control group with statistically significance ( P value < 0.05). The most commonly affected age groups were (20-29 years) and (30-39 years) with the following percentages respectively(28.26 % ; 36.95%).The leukocyte cells in gram staining of vaginal swabs showed that ( 84.79% ) of BV have leukocyte cells less than 10 cells /HPF while only (15.21%) have leukocyte cells > 10/HPF (P value < 0.05). Thirty three out of 46 (71.73% ) patients with BV had urinary tract infections (UTI) in comparison to (28.27%) without UTI ( P value <0.05). The study showed that BV had a high frequency rate (67.39%) in pregnant women when compared to non-pregnant women (32.61%). Twenty out of 31 (64.51%) pregnant women have premature uterine contractions (PUC ) while only 11 out of 31 (35.49%) presented without PUC ( P value <0.05). Ten out of 15(66.66%) non pregnant women patients were used IUCD in comparison to only 5 out of 15 (33.34%) patients with BV. PCR detection of16S rRNA gene for Gardnerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis) reveal insignificant change in frequency of G. vaginalis in patients with BV (45.65 %) in comparison to control group (36.6%) ( P value > 0.05). As the BV is treatable medical disorder and it's frequently ignored as the symptoms are frequently irrelevant but the clinical consequences could be vital, it can be concluded that medical screening for BV is mandatory specially in antenatal care of pregnancy in Primary Health Care Centers and women using IUCD to avoid future complications.

Brain tumor is a very dangerous disease and life threatening, so early detection of the tumor is a vital task. Many techniques and algorithms are presented to enable doctors for fast and accurate diagnosis of tumors in MRI brain images. In this study, analytical study of Region Growing segmentation method with different threshold values ranged from 10 to 35, with steps of 5, is proposed. In addition, an adaptive technique is proposed, which is Region Growing based on the fuzzy clustering scheme to investigate the performance of this algorithm by implementing it on FCM clustered images. The adopted MRI images are of different modalities and different orientations to test the ability of the adaptive technique to segment different modalities of MRI images. The results showed that, utilizing different values of the threshold in proceeding of Region Growing algorithm produced different segmented images’ properties. When the fine details of the processed images and their objects are the goal, low values of threshold must be adopted, while when isolating of the hole tumor regions is the goal, high values of threshold must be adopted. In addition, the results of the adaptive technique showed that Region Growing segmentation improved its performance and it could separate the consists of the tumor regions. The elapsed time of implementation is clearly reduced.

In this study was chosen Rhodamine 610, It was dissolved in ethanol and prepared in concentrations ( ) mole/liter, the absorption and emission spectra of different samples dyes as a laser medium effectively has been prepared and studied at room temperature . The achieved Results pointed that the absorption peaks were moving toward short wavelengths (BLUE SHIFT) when increasing the ratio of polymer additives and the fluorescence spectrum peaks were moving in the direction of longer wavelengths (RED SHIFT) when increasing the ratio (%50 and %70) of polymer.

This work deals the removal of p-nitrophenol (PNP) from its aqueous solutions using hens egg shell powder as a very low cost adsorbent. Adsorption experiments carried out by varying the process parameters like contact time, effect of pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of adsorbate, particle size and effect of temperature on removal percentage of PNP have been studied. The data of equilibrium adsorption were interpreted using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin models. The adsorption of PNP was best represented according to the Langmuir model.

Fifty blood samples have been collected from patients attending the center of the allergy and asthma in the province of Babylon ( 25 before immunotherapy treatment and 25 after treatment ), in addition to 10 samples from non-allergic persons as a control . IL-5 concentrations have been measured by using ELISA, while the eosinophils have been measured by using complete blood count device. This results shows that there is an increase in the level of IL-5 and eosinophils count before allergen-specific immunotherapy treatment for allergic rhinitis patients which reached 53.1402 ± 3.67801pg/ml and 0.8249 ± 0.20108 cell/mm3 respectively and asthmatic patients 49.8922 ± 7.43190 pg/ml and 0.6523± 0.25712 cell/mm3 respectively in compared with their level after treatment for allergic rhinitis patients which reached 22.7315 ± 4.03680 pg/ml and 0.3642 ± 0.14734 cell/mm3 and asthma patients 22.7177 ± 4.13433 pg/ml and 0.3645± 0.15743 cell/mm3 respectively, and for control which reached 24.5404 ± 8.64920 pg/ml and 0.2252 ± 0.09139 cell/mm3 respectively. The results showed that there were an increase in the level of IL-5 for allergic rhinitis patients before and after treatment in compared with asthma patients , eosinophils increase in allergic rhinitis patients in compared with asthma patients before immunotherapy treatment, but the opposite is true for their count which increase in asthma patients in compared with allergic rhinitis patients after treatment. The level of IL-5 and eosinophils count decrease gradually by increasing the period of immunotherapy treatment which divided into three groups two months , six months and one year , the level of IL-5 for these groups 26.2821  3.81978 pg/ml , 21.3737  2.47124 pg/ml and 20.5029  4.67899 pg/ml respectively , while the count of eosinophils for these groups reached 0.4567  0.15057 cell/mm3 , 0.4282  0.15162 cell/mm3 and 0.26270.06517 cell/mm3 respectively.

Prediction techniques represent an effective tool for knowledge discovery in huge and complex dataset in many fields including healthcare. The problem of healthcare is managing available medical resources and preparing plans for the future needs aiming to enhance medical services. This research provides an integrated prediction model to solve the problem above by analyzing medical data records and predicating the duration of future patient‘s hospitalization. The proposed model consists of three major stages; starting with preprocessing the data; applying prediction algorithm; and ending with evaluating the model based on real data. Our model used Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) algorithm which reduce training error by building a sequence of decision trees. GBM is characterized by updating values of target feature after the construction of each decision tree. In this research, we tried to discover the effect of reducing the update process on terminal nodes that have lowest percentage of error, the results showed the ineffectiveness of reduction compared to the original. The research tried to determine the best measure for choosing splitter feature during the building of the decision tree, and the results showed that standard deviation is better than mean. The research also studied effect of changing values of GBM algorithm parameters in behavior of training process.

In this paper we introduce and define a new type of dimension theory and the concept of for a topological space have been studied. In this work, these concepts will be extended by using sets.

Background: Hydatid disease is a parasitic helminthes which triggers an immune response that was regulated by cytokines.
Aim of study: to investigate Th1 and Th2 cytokines production , eosinophil cationic protein gene expression and IgG subclasses in different stages of hydatid disease to evaluate their implication and interplay in the evolution of pathology, as a tool for clinical decision and future vaccine preparation.
Material and Methods: A total number of 42 patients with Hydatid cyst which was confirmed by radiological finding from those patients who consulted Baghdad Medical City Teaching Hospital at April – December, 2006 was enrolled in this study. Ten ml venous blood was taken for assessment of Th1 (IL2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL4, IL5 and IL10) by ELISA method , eosinophil cationic protein gene expression by PCR technique and IgG subclasses(IgG1 and IgG4) by Radial Immunodiffusion Method in relation to different stages of Hydatid cyst.
Results: The commonest radiological finding was the late active hydatid cyst (71.42%), followed by (16.67%) and (11.91 %) for late inactive and early hydatid cyst respectively. The mean ECP gene expression was (33.45± 4.89) in late active hydatid cyst while it was (12.87 ± 1.43; 6.08 ± 1.13) for early and late inactive hydatid cyst formation respectively. The Th1 cytokines which include mean IL2 was (32.53±3.03; 21.12±4.41;12.9 ±2.11) and mean IFN-γ was (7.9±1.2; 4.2±1.98; 9.62±1.10) , while the Th2 cytokine which include meanIL4 (39.3±2.90; 148.62±12.81; 42.4±3.44),;IL5 was(49.63±5.38; 128.83±13.6; 47.51±4.23), IL10 was (30.34±3.77; 178.11±27.05; 21.36±5.91) and the IgG subclass IgG1 was (930.14±44.26 ;1885±87.7;902.17 ±70.8) while the IgG4 (61.6±4.97;144.38±20.25;59.52±3.41) for early, late active and late inactive hydatid cyst respectively with statistical significant value (P value< 0.05).
Conclusions: There was Th1 cell activity in early hydatid cyst , Th2 cell activity in late active hydatid cyst and both Th1 and Th2 cell activity in late inactive hydatid cyst with marked ECP gene expression in early and late active hydatid cyst formation in comparison to those of late inactive hydatid cyst formation. IgG1 and IgG4 were hydatid cyst stage dependent and had interleukin 4,5 and 10 correlation and might be used as good laboratory markers to indicate the status of infection.

Giardiasis caused by Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal disease. Although this parasitic infection is found in mammals including human, pets and livestock. A total of 250 samples was collected from patients that were suspected the infection with Giardia duodenalis during the period from August 2014 to October 2015.
The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular identification of Giardia duodenalis in patients suffered from diarrhea depending on a Eukaryotic peptide chain release factor subunit 1 gene to Confirm its existence in both stages of Giardia dudenalis (Trophozoit and cyst) and the possibility adopting it as a diagnostic gene.
The results revealed that 200 samples were positive depending on the microscopic examination , 100 samples of stool have been chosen to isolate the cysts from it, while 100 samples of stool were used for trophozoits isolation , which in turn have undergone the third stage of the examination for the purpose of qualitative accurate diagnosis of Giardia using of quantitative Real Time PCR assay for amplifying the target region Eukaryotic peptide chain release factor subunit 1 and study the possibility of using the a
diagnostic gene.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial and polygenic disease, which is considered as a major life threatening problem all over the world. There has been a worldwide effort in the identification of susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes mellitus. At present, adequate data are not available dealing with PPARG2 (rs1801282) gene polymorphisms and its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus cases among Iraqi populations. Thus, we conceived the need for further studies to investigate PPARG2 gene polymorphisms and its susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this research is to study association PPARG2 gene polymorphism (Pro12Ala) with T2DM in Iraqi population.
The study included 105 patients with T2DM referring to clinic and 80 healthy controls randomly selected based on WHO guidelines. BMI, FBS, lipid profile and insulin plasma levels were measured, DNA was extracted from blood and genotyped by PCR–RFLP with specific primers to amplify a fragment for digestion with restriction enzyme (Hpa II). Multinomial logistic regression was applied to compare the proportions of genotypes or alleles. Obtained results of PPARG2 gene GG, CG and CC genotype frequencies for T2DM individuals that obtained were 93.34% , 6.66% and 0% respectively, while in control group were 98.75% , 1.25% and 0% respectively . The genetic power of this study was 25.9% and according to HWE , X2= 41.299 , Pvalue=0.000 which is considered to be not significant. As a conclusion, there is no association between PPARG2 gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraqi population.

This paper presents a design and simulation of a switched capacitor PID controller to control the speed of DC motor. The work is divided into two parts which are hardware design for PID controller and software simulation. Basic operational amplifier circuit is used for design PID controller circuit. The PID parameters are calculated and used in LabView program (ver.10) for studying the response of the system. A crystal Oscillator circuit is used to generate two non-overlapping clocks for switching the MOSFET transistors with high accuracy and stability. The advantages of Switched Capacitor Circuits are Compatibility with CMOS technology, good voltage linearity and good temperature characteristics. Simulation results present a good performance for proposed design.

The study aims to detection of mitochondrial hypervariable HVII and HVIII regions. The second objective is to evaluate the importance of these positions for forensic genetic purposes and establish the degree of variation characteristic of a fragment. Blood samples were collected from 270 healthy unrelated male living in middle and south of Iraq. FTA® Technology is utilized to extract DNA. A portion of a noncoding region encompassing positions 37 to 340 for HVII and encompassing positions 438 to 574 for HVIII amplified in accordance with the Anderson reference sequence. By using EZ-10 spin column the PCR products were purified, sequenced and detected by using the ABI 3730xL Genetic Analyzer. New polymorphic positions 57, 63 , 101, 469 and 482 are described and may in future be very important for forensic identification purpose. This study showed the importance of the adoption of mitochondria in forensic medicine and criminal diagnosis and sites that have been discovered during the study in a private Iraqi society. Further study on larger number of samples from different Iraqi ethic groups is suggested to confirm the results obtained by this study.

Abstract
Background:
Cervical mucus is a necessary component of human fertility. Cervical mucus is considered a main barrier for sperms for passing to the upper female reproductive tract, only less than 1% of the spermatozoa in vagina can penetrate the cervical mucus successfully.
Objective:
Use in vitro sperm cervical mucus contact test (SCMC) to evaluate the fertility of couples complaining from unexplained infertility.
Methods:
This study was conducted in the Infertility Unit/ Babylon Hospital of Gynecology and Children. Seminal fluid analysis was performed for all 45 studied specimens. SCMC test was performed by aspirating a cervical mucus at 12-14 day cycle of females. One drop of semen mixed with a drop of cervical mucus and covered with cover slide. The slide is then incubated at 37C° for 30 minutes.The sperm concentration and sperm motility due to grading activity were evaluated and compared with semen parameters.
Results:
The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.001) of sperm concentration and forward sperm motility (grade a & b ), while a significant increase (p<0.001) in grade c and d sperm motility compared to their values in seminal fluid analysis.
The correlation (r) study showed significant negative correlation between forward sperm motility a+b with age of females, while a positive correlation between grade c of sperm motility and age of females, and non-significant correlation between all studied sperm parameters with infertility period.
Conclusion:
It was concluded that sperm SCMC test is necessary for detecting the causes of infertility for Normospermic men.

The study aimed to determine immune status of patients with respect to Streptococcus pyogenes. The present study was conducted to determine antibody against Group A Streptococcus (GAS) in serum of children patients suffer from tonsillitis and pharyngitis. A total of 260 samples (197 blood samples and 260 throat swab) was collected from 260 patients, 169 (65 %) of them were males and 91 (35%) were females suffering from Tonsillitis and pharyngitis. The results indicated that most age groups 2- 13years being susceptible for tonsillitis in children, were among the recurrent tonsillitis and the males were more susceptible and response to infection compared with females. The study included two main parts. The first one was the bacterial diagnosis based on relied diagnostic procedure (classical and advance which involved Api 20 Strep and Viteck 2 system). The second part was the detection of antistreptolysin O (ASO) by using a latex agglutination test. The throat swabs culture from patients conducted its Lancefield group to suggest group A. The results observed that GABH (3.07%) Streptococcus pyogenes, while the rest other bacteria 252 (96.92 %) group as other bacteria from total study samples (260).

Background: psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory, immune mediated disease of the skin which is characterized by the presence of erythematous scaly plaques. The prevalence of psoriasis is 2-4% worldwide. It has a negative impact on the patient’s health and may associate with serious medical comorbidities.
Objectives: to investigate the levels of leptin in male patients with plaque psoriasis and control group and their relationship with the clinical severity of psoriasis.
Methodology: the study was conducted on sixty male patients with plaque psoriasis and thirty healthy male individuals taken as a control group. The sera obtained from blood were used to determine the levels of leptin in both groups. Also, it was used to determine the correlation of leptin with severity of plaque psoriasis which measured by psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. Leptin concentration was estimated by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) method.
Results: the results of this work showed a significant increase (p<0.05) of leptin concentrations in sera of plaque psoriasis compared to the control group. Also, the results of linear regression analysis showed significant positive correlations of leptin with psoriasis area and severity index, i.e, PASI score.
Conclusion: the pro-inflammatory biomarker leptin is involved in pathogenesis of plaque psoriasis and may be used as markers for severity of disease.
Recommendation: including a large sample size to confirm the association between leptin and severity of plaque psoriasis.

In this search, Nd146,144 isotopes have been studied by the interacting boson model (IBM-1) to determine the energy levels. In addition, by the program IBMT was used for evaluating the reduced electric transition probability B (E2). According to the IBM , The calculated values are compared with the available theoretical and experimental data and showd reasonable agreement.
And was reached ,Nd144 isotopes have been shown their membership to the vibrational limit SU(5), while Nd146 isotopes belong to the transition region between SU(5)-O(6).

The form factors for the inelastic electron scattering to 2+,4+ states in 58,60,62Ni are studied in the framework of shell model. The calculation is performed in (0f7/2,1p3/2,0f5/2,1p1/2) model space as well as extended 6ħω model space. The predictions of longitudinal form factors which include core-polarization effects to first order are compared with the experimental values. It is noticed that the core polarization effects are essential in obtaining a remarkable agreement between the calculated inelastic longitudinal F(q)'s and those of experimental data.

The alloys of Sb2(1-x)Se3x were prepared by quenching technique with different concentrations of Se (x = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5). Thin films of these alloys were prepared using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique under vacuum of 10-3 mbar on glass substrates at room temperature and different annealing temperatures (373 and 473) K with Nd:YAG pulse laser of wavelength (1064 nm ), which enabled quality factor of a repetitive rate (6 Hz) and pulse duration (10 ns) and energy laser (1000 mJ).. The D.C measurements declared two activation energy and hence two transport mechanism for Sb2(1-x)Se3x thin films. The values of activation energies increase while σRT decreases with increasing of concentration of Se and the activation energies decrease while σRT increases with increasing of annealing temperatures. Hall effect measurements show that the Sb2(1-x)Se3x thin films p-type. Concentration of charge carriers nH increases with increasing concentration of Se, also charge carriers nH decreases with increasing of annealing temperatures, while the mobility μH and the conductivity (σ) showed opposite behavior to that.

A new photo catalyst (Mn/Cr2O3) was prepared by the co-precipitation method by mixing two metal nitrate include of chromium(III) nitrate [Cr(NO3)3.9H2O] with Manganese(II) nitrate [Mn(NO3)2.4H2O] in different values and calcinated in two temperatures (550°C & 750°C ), and then determination of its effectiveness for the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Congo red as a textile dye was done to optimize the best photocatalyst and was found that (Cat-1b-) was the best for the photodegradation of Congo red, and with removal percentage (71.93) when the concentration of Congo red was (20 ppm) with weight of catalyst (0.1 g) at room temperature. The characterization of the prepared catalysts had been carried out by the XRD & SEM and has been found that the appointed catalyst (Mn/Cr2O3) was successfully prepared. And then some studies had been performed to optimize the reaction effective parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red such as: catalyst weight, initial concentration of the dye solution. The best catalyst's weight was (0.1g) and the concentration of the dye was (10ppm).

Breast cancer is the most common disease in females and it has become a major health problem affecting women worldwide. This study was carry out on different groups of female albino rats Rattus rattus, that primed by different forms of antigens prepared from cell line of human breast cancer T47d. The current study has been designed to determine the immune response of rats for breast cancer cells antigens. The immune parameters CD56 and perforin have been estimated. Significant increase (P<0.05) is found in the level of expression of CD56 on the surfaces of natural killer cells of rats in all treated groups, but higher level in group that injected by mixture of freezing killed antigen with adjuvant that reached to 83.164±7.616 ng/ml is compared with the control groups. The results have indicated the presence of significant increase in the level of cellular toxin perforin in all treatment groups especially the rats that immunized by freezing killed antigen with adjuvant which reached to 113.45±15.925 ng/ml compared with the healthy rats.

Electronic-commerce (e-commerce) is a very active field of Internet research. A very important aspect of E-commerce is its security. Because of the variety of e-commerce applications, many security policies, protocols and techniques are involved in the deployment of the security. Applications of the E-commerce are demonstrated here. This paper presents a suggested approach to enhance security in e-commerce. The new approach uses two algorithms which is blowfish and MD5. Combining these two algorithms provides high quality encryption, and makes it stronger against any kind of intruding.

Wounds, burns, urinary tract infection (UTI) and ear infections are often difficult to treat due to various bacterial pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the common invaders of this infection . Precise diagnosis of this etiological agent in this infection is of critical importance particularly in treatment of problematic cases. The existing diagnostic methods have certain limitations particularly related to specificity. This study was aimed to reliable diagnosis of P. aeruginosa from samples enrichment in nutrient broth PCR was used to detect P. aeruginosa with two primers targeted one gene saved in housekeeping gene (gyr b). The first primer (gyr b190) amplified 190-bp fragment , whereas other bacteria did not yield any 190-bp fragment. The specificity of the assay was 100% . PCR method depending on primer gyr b190 is rapid and more accurate than other diagnostic methods for the identification of P. aeruginosa strains, and it can be used to detect P. aeruginosa from clinical samples without using a selective medium or additional biochemical tests. While second primer gyr b222 amplified gyr b with fragment 222bp only when using a selective medium, but in nutrient broth get false negative.

A totals of 66 children whose ages range from seven month to six years, suspected to be infected with Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), they were compared to fifty healthy subjects in the control group. The diagnosis was done by rKE16 dipstick test, and evaluating the level of cytokine IL-6, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM-1) and Monokine induced by INF-ɣ (MIG-1), was evaluated. Stress biomarkers estimate including the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index of free radicals induced lipid peroxidation and catalase as an index of antioxidant enzyme in the serum of patients infected with VL.
The rKE16 antigen strip test shows valid highly in the diagnosis (N=65) of suspected children with VL. The test rapid, sensitive, and specific .The results show an increase (P≤0.05) in the serum levels of IL‐6, ICAM and MIG-1 in patients than in healthy subject. Result of oxidative stress showed a significant (P≤ 0.005) elevated level of MDA and a decrease CAT in patients with VL as compared to the cases in the control.
These results showed points in the pathology of VL and might open new treatment perspectives associated with antioxidant.