Journal of University of Babylon

Data provenance is defined as the origin and process history of a derived data item, which is becoming increasingly important for scientific research work. Although provenance can be very valuable for applications, research on data provenance is on its beginning and there is still a series of work that needs to be done. In this paper, some categories, which are provenance granularity, data granularity, data status, provenance computing, semantics of provenance, provenance storage and applications, are proposed to classify and analyze present provenance techniques. In this work we introduce a provenance classification for different applications based on proposed categories, to help the researchers in this field to understand the existing problems and the current challenges and how to enable the current techniques for solving these challenges.

Recent advances in field of optical microscopy have made it possible to detect image and obtain spectroscopic data from individual molecules, revealing information about population distributions (both static and dynamic) as well as photophysical information. As higher levels of time resolution become available layers of dynamic information are uncovered, elucidating the fine detail of chemical reaction normally hidden within the ensemble. Single molecule (SM) techniques are especially relevant to macromolecular biochemistry as chemical processes occurring within large molecules are often too complicated to study in the ensemble.
Single Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy (SMFM) is achieved using coherent laser light to excite the fluorophore to a singlet excited state, from which it can relax rapidly. However this can be followed by either absorption of additional photons, eventually lead to an ionised or “photo-bleached” state, or spin-inversion and non-radiative intersystem crossing to a triplet state. The excitation volume has been reduced to achieve elongated time-period blinking using Total Internal Reflection.

The study was designed to investigate the relationship between some of extracellular and intracellular electrolytes with type2 diabetes mellitus. Sixty one patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (26 males, and 35 females) aged between (40) to( 79) years with a mean age of (55.96 ± 10.72;55.68±9.79) were included in this study respectively. All patients have a history of duration of disease and no one of them has another disease. The control group is comprised of (61) healthy individuals (30 males and 31 females) aged between (40) to (79) years with a mean age of (55.5 ± 9.08; 55.16 ± 7.34) for male and female respectively. The control subjects were selected from the hospitals of Babylon city. They had no history of diabetes mellitus or any other disease. The results of this study showed that serum sodium was significantly decreased (P<0.05)in patients(male and female)with diabetes type2 as compared to control (male and female)groups. Serum potassium was significantly elevated (P<0.05) in patients (male and female) with diabetes type 2 as compared to control male group while the comparison to control female group was non-significant. Serum calcium indicated reduction in male patients and elevation in female patients with diabetes type 2 and compared to control male and female groups respectively but was non-significant.

Several studies have shown that within the cascade of pathogenesis of alopecia areata, cytokines and other molecules that coordinate cyclical hair growth play a crucial role. In this research, we attempt to review the immunological role of some of Th1 cytokines namely γ-INF and TNF-α, in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, alongside with the exploration of their clinical correlation to disease severity. This is a case controlled study conducted upon fifty four patients (twenty nine males and twenty five females, mean age 32 years) complaining from alopecia areata, and thirty apparently healthy subjects (who are age and sex-matched with the patients group). All patients and the control subjects were investigated for serum concentrations of γ-IFN, and TNF-α through a solid phase sandwich enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay (EASIA) . Results about the serum concentrations of γ-INF and TNF-α evaluated in this study shows that there is a significant difference in the concentrations of these two cytokines between patients of alopecia areata and control group(P<0.05). Serum concentrations of γ-INF and TNF-α were also found to be logically clinically correlated to the size of affected area of hair loss among patients with severe type of alopecia areata.

The present study focuses on the kidney function in patients with chronic hepatitis B. The patients were divided into two groups including patients with chronic hepatitis B; some of the patients were HBSAg positive, HBeAg positive and HBeAb negative; others were HBSAg positive, HBeAg negative and HBeAb positive. The results were compared to those of healthy individuals.
There were about sixty patients with chronic hepatitis B and thirty healthy individuals. Transaminases (AST and ALT) enzymes activities in patients, T.S.B and amount of albumin in addition to serum electrolyte, urea and creatinine were measured using standard laboratory methods. Viral load (HBV PCR) was also measured in patients.
Results from this study showed low serum albumin and higher serum urea and creatinine with chronic hepatitis B compared to those of healthy individuals. Serum potassium, chloride and phosphorus concentration were higher in the patients with chronic hepatitis B compared to those of healthy individuals (5.25389±.78565 )( 6.518±.58370); and in comparison to healthy individuals (4.5185 ±.33948) while chloride measures (101.4±10.2682), (104.2821±19.63813) compared to healthy individuals (100.4133±8.32457) while phosphorus measured (36±5.88) (35.6283±11.6) compared to healthy individuals (34.7100±5 ).While serum sodium was significantly low in patients with chronic hepatitis B compared to those of healthy individuals (143±7.144±6.76) and compared to healthy individuals (145±6.89).The results from this study showed a possible relationship between hepatitis B infection and insufficient renal function.

Prostate cancer PCa represents a heterogeneous disease with different degrees of aggressiveness, patterns of metastasis and response to therapy (Vesovic, 2005) It occur from a complex etiology that include both exogenous (diet, environment, etc.) and endogenous (hormonal imbalance, family history) factors. Our attempt designed to know the overlap of vitamin D and lipid profile in prostate cancer patients and its relationship in incidence and progression of PCa .Data showed high prostate specific antigen PSA in Pca patients compared with control subject (33.01±6.01, 2.93±0, 62) ng/ml respectively .decline in vitamin D level in Pca patients compared with control subject (17.34 ± 1.15, 26.42 ± 1.05 ±) mg/dl respectively. Significant difference (p≤0.05) in triglyceride level compared with control subject (129.63± 8.99, 101.26± 3.50) mg/dl respectively, no Significant difference (p>0.05) in HDL and cholesterol levels in PCa patients compared with control group .Weak Negative correlation between Vitamin D with cholesterol (-0.24) .Correlation between vitamin D and high density lipoprotein, triglyceride undetectable.

In this study a new valve B had been designed and constructed in the analytical laboratory by using local available facilities and resources. This was applied to determine the total phenols (TP) in plants extracts using gallic acid (GA) as a standard. The results were compared to those obtained from a standard valve A. It was found that under the optimized experimental conditions and using calibration graphs with range of 1.0 - 40.0 mgL-1 (r2=0.9986) and 1.0–50.0 mgL-1 (r2=0.9993) for the valves A and B respectively, the limit of detection (LOD) in the aqueous solution was 0.05 mg.L-1 for both valves. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts from mushroom were determined and compared to those values obtained for gallic acid. Flow injection analysis (FIA) determination of the TP content was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR), while antioxidant activity was measured by reaction with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picry RCydrazyl radical (DPPH assay). The values of phenolic compounds content and antioxidants activity which were determined by valve B were notably higher than these in valve A. Finally, both valves A and B showed high sensitivity, flexibility, extend range of linearity, rapidity and ease of use. Also their material were not expensive, therefore using them is successful to determine the total phenols and antioxidants.

Background: Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) was caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) and characterized by its chronicity. It had been believed that chronicity of CE might be favored by a skewing of the host’s immune response to a Th2 response which was affected by age and sex.
Aim of study: to assess some cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF- α) in relation to age and sex as a part of host-parasite relationship.
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients suffering from CE and 38 apparently healthy control that consulted Bagdad Teaching Hospital/Medical City from February to July, 2005 were enrolled in this study. Ultrasonography was done to all patients and control while Computed Tomography was done to confirm the Ultrasonography diagnosis. Blood sera were stored in (-20C˚) to be used for evaluation of the serum cytokines level of IL-2, TNF- α, IL-6 and IL-12 by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA).
Results: This study showed that in male patients with CE more than 60 years, the IL-2 , TNF- α ,IL-6 and IL-12 were (1348 ±97.33 ; 11.51±1.10; 29996 ±385.10 and 27.91±3.8) in comparison to (1804 ±111.49; 5.46±0.84; 20987 ±223.54 and 42.6 ±3.56) in patients aged (40-60) and (1820 ±103.50; 4.89±1.03; 21228 ± 209.71 and 40.04 ±4.47) in patients aged < 40 years with statistical significance ( P value < 0.05). The IL-2, TNF- α and IL-6 were significantly changed (2425 ± 104.52 ; 14.2± 2.85; 19973 ± 266.75 ) in menopausal patient group in comparison to childbearing age (2103 ± 354.19; 10.3±1.20; 23412 ±539.4) while they were insignificantly changed (2425 ± 104.52; 14.2± 2.85; 19973 ± 266.75)( P value >0.05) in menopausal female patients in comparison to aged matched male patients(2211 ±132.7; 9.92±1.32; 21039 ± 315.29) and significantly changed in childbearing female patients (2103 ± 354.19; 10.3±1.20; 23412 ±539.4) in comparison to aged matched male patients (1832± 355.6; 7.9±1.06; 20873 ± 638.21) respectively (P value < 0.05).
Conclusions: young and middle age groups male patients with CE had a more predominant protective Th1 immune response than elderly male patients while the female menopausal women had a more protective Th1 immune response than childbearing women. Female in the childbearing age had a more protective Th1 immune response against CE in comparison to aged matched male group while there was insignificant immune response in menopausal women in relation to aged matched male group. Predominant Th2 immune response in elderly male and childbearing female might favor more parasite growth . Higher estrogen level might augment more growth of CE , and it is advisable to decrease the frequency of pregnancy rate unless surgical treatment of CE performed. Hormonal replacement therapy containing estrogen in menopause should be given with caution for patients with CE as the may favor more parasite growth. .

In this paper ,we introduce the concept of symmetric left bi- ( )- derivation on gamma rings and study this concept on completely prime Gamma ring also we study it if acts as homomorphism and we show that if D nonzero Jordan left bi-( , )derivation on 2-torsion free completely prime gamma ring M then M is commutative or D be left bi-( , ) derivation .

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anthracycline antibiotic. It is a widely used drug in the cancer to treat a wide variety of human malignancies. Cardiotoxicity has long been recognized as a complicating factor of DOX. This study was designed to investigate the acute DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity.
Material and Methods: Twenty eight male Swiss Albino mice were randomly divided into four groups including group1 (negative control), treated with distill water (D.W) intraperitoneal (i.p) injection , group 2 (positive control), treated with 15 mg/kg DOX as a single (i.p) injection, groups 3 received 30mg/kg of the aqueous extract of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves (ROE) orally (p.o), once daily for 2 weeks, then injected i.p with 15 mg/kg DOX. Two days after DOX or D.W (in control group) injection, animals in all groups were scarified and the levels of the blood urea and serum creatinin were measured. Also the possible cardiac histopathological changes were investigated.
Results: The administration of DOX (15 mg/kg i.p.) induced nephrotoxicity which manifested by significant elevation (p<0.05) in blood urea and serum creatinin levels. In addition, kidneys histopathological sections showed development of sever glomerulosclerosis, tubular necrosis and tubulointerstitial lesion. Oral administration of 30mg/kg ROE 2 weeks prior to DOX produced a significant protection which was evidenced by significant reduction (p<0.05) in blood urea and serum creatinin levels. Moreover, histopathological sections showed only mild tubular necrosis and in comparison to DOX positive control group (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Administration of 30mg/kg ROE protect against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity.

This study was carried out to estimate the concentration of colanic Acid in the urine samples obtained from 66 patients with hematuria , where (21 ) patients with microscopic hematuria , (32) patients with gross hematuria , and (13) patients with terminal hematuria . Also , (15) healthy individuals with no history of hematuria were included in this study as control group.
The results of this study showed that colanic acid was detected at high levels in (10) patients with microscopic hematuria and in (16) patients with gross hematuria where the results are above the control group ( 27± 9.0 and 18.0 ± 3.9 respectively) where as the urine samples of patients with terminal hematuria had normal levels similar to that in control group.
Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) was also estimated in the urine of patients with hematuria . The results of MDA were not significant although some patients showed high levels for this parameter in their urine samples.

ZigBee is used as a low power and low rate wireless sensor network. Many applications utilize it for data transfer. It provides some security options, including message authentication, message encryption and defense against replay attack. The security algorithms used in the ZigBee are run for each packet transfer when the security mode is on. This study tested the impact of message authentication over the network performance in terms of the throughput and data packet delivery ratio. The message authentication leads to performance degradation for the network. The blocks of the message are encrypted by using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm for authenticating in CBC-MAC algorithm. The performance of the network is improved over the original state when AES algorithm is replaced by MKP-AES algorithm and DMAC algorithm is used to parallelize the authentication. MKP-AES is tested within two and three secret keys. The network is simulated using NS-2 to measure the performance improvement.

The aim of this research is to design a 32-bit MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) for RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) processor. This MIPS can be used for teaching computer structure. This design defines MIPS ISA (Instruction Set Architecture), and divides the processor into two parts: the datapath unit, and the control unit. Next, a top level is implemented by connecting data and instruction memories to the processor. The VHDL (Very High Speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language) to design hardware modling is used. The single cycle and top level is designed by using (Xilinx ISE Design Suite 13.4) software. This design is conducted on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) Spartan-3AN starter kit and results from the kit are obtained.

Background: Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis (HD) are presented in significant percentage with pericardial effusion that was associated with significant morbidity and little mortality.
Aim: This study concern to estimate the prevalence of uremic pericardial effusion (UPE) amoung patients on regular hemodialysis and its possible associated factors. Patients and Methods :In this cross section study, the data was conducted at the Iraqi Dialysis Center of Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Medical City, mainly assessed by echocardiography to 100 patients on regular hemodialysis included in this study attending our hospital for hemodialysis as part of thier long term treatment. Results: The prevalence of UPE was 23% among HD patients and the result was significant with P<0.001, mainly associated with aging, those with hypertention (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM) ,ischaemic heart disease (IHD) , hypoalbuminaemia, anaemia and inadequate HD , but the prevalence interstingly was low in patients with heptitis C virus infection.
Conclusion: the prevalence of UPE was higher than previous study that show dialysis-associated pericardial effusion account to 8-12% of patients on hemodialysis.

The cardiovascular diseases and their complications are the major causes of death of patients with chronic kidney disease and on dialysis. Aim : Role of non invasive rapid methods, like ECG, in predicting arrhythmias in end stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. Methods: 60 patients (23 female, 37 male) with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis were enrolled in this cross sectional study with mean age (52 ± 5.5), A resting 12-lead surface ECG was recorded for each patient, measurement of the longest and shortest intervals QT interval and correction of these intervals by using Bazett's square root formula. QT-dispersion is measured by finding the difference between these intervals. The Tp-Te is measured in each precordial lead and is obtained from the difference between QT interval and QTpeak interval. The LVH is evaluated by Two-dimensional echocardiography. Measurement of QRS duration and PR interval were done. Results : Percentage and range of Abnormal values of these parameters includes: QTc interval 83.3 % (456-554 mSec) , QT-dispersion 67% (81-111mSec), TpTe 22.2%(110-120 mSec), PR interval 5% (0.22-0.24 Sec) with no abnormal QRS duration (0%) . Other findings : peaked T-wave (20%).70% of the patients had LVH. Patients were divided into those with LVH and those without LVH, maximal QT-dispersion is greater in the group with LVH than those without LVH (44%, 22% respectively), but statistically there is no significant difference. Conclusion : Electrocardiograms are low cost diagnostic tools for renal therapy centers, and nephrologists must consider QT interval, as measurement of QT and QTc dispersion is a simple bedside method to be used for analyzing ventricular repolarization during hemodialysis.

This study showed that among older adults presented with newly diagnosed diabetes there is certain percentage actually have type 1 diabetes as detected by positive anti-GAD65 antibody test and they shouldn’t be misdiagnosed as having type 2 diabetes.

A series of novel bis-pyrazolines (13-24) were prepared by the reaction of two moles of substituted chalcones, diarylidene acetone and dienylidene acetone (1-12) in a Claisen 1, 2-addition with succinohydrazide. Some of the new compounds were characterized using 1H, 13C-NMR and all new compounds were characterized using FT- IR. The antibacterial activity of these compounds was studied.

245 patients their aged 16 years and above (mean 25.86, standard deviation 5.72 years: 55.51 % were females and 44.49 % males) were seen. They presented with 358 impacted mandibular third molars. (67.88 %) impaction were seen in patients between the ages of 16 to 25 years, while (89.67 %) impaction were seen between the ages of 16 to 30 years.
Assessing the level of impaction using PELL and G R E G O RY classification showed that 154 (43.02 %) impaction were in position A, 135 (37.71 %) were in position B while 69 (19.27 %) were in position C. 89 of impacted teeth were in position I (24.86 %), 211 (58.94 %) were in position II, while 58 (16.20 %) were in position III.
Between 358 impacted mandibular third molars, (62.29 %) had symptoms of pain. (67.6 %) impacted teeth were associated with pathological lesions. Out of these, 50.84% were periodontal disease and pericoronitis, 15.64% were caries, while 1.12 % were associated with cysts.

In conclusion, the level of impaction suggests that a remarkable number of impacted mandibular third molars should be removed under general anesthesia. There is need for further studies to determine the levels of impaction, the types of anesthesia used during extraction and the outcome.

In This paper we study the atomic properties for three-electron systems Ne+7, Na+8, Mg+9, Al+10 and Si+11 in momentum space Like ,one-electron radial density function D(p1),inter –electron distribution function f(p12),Fermi hole one- particle expectation value ,inter- particle expectation value , for n= -2 to 2 . All properties calculated using atomic units .

Lectin with molecular weight of 71 Kilo dalton was isolated from whole body of adult worm of Fasciola gigantica parasite and purification by using sephadex G-200. This lectin is protein in nature (3.6 gm. / ml and 0.329 gm. / ml before and after purification, respectively), agglutinate human erythrocytes (1: 5120 and 1: 1280 before and after purification, respectively) and T lymphocytes mitogen by using one week age of chicken as model. Antifungal activity of this material was tested by using four pathogenic fungi (Alternaria solani, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium globosum and Penicillium exsporum) and by using three methods (pouring one milliliter on PDA, method of holes and the mixing method). From the results of present study show the better inhibition rat of lectin against fungi were founded in F. globosum (57.8%, 55.6% and 41.1%, respectively in three methods) and the lower rate of inhibition was founded in A. solani in mixing method.
The results of current study will provide ability of this worm to use the lectin to defense against any threat.

Motion detection for human head and its coordinates is one of the important areas with multiple applications at the present time, such as control of devices for people with disabilities and other modern control devices estimation model to detect human head and follow up coordinates. This system uses frame subtracting to detect motion with development the background frame is to eliminate the problem of wrong alarm for motion when the background frame still without change. Gaussian smoothing filter also has been used to reduce noise caused by bad illumination or web camera low quality, so there is no need for kalman filter, then using Laplacian filter which is dependent on second derivation in order to detect edges of the frames(background and current) , at last detecting the human head using the sum of gradient magnitude around the perimeter of ellipses equation. The system has been tested on several samples indoor and out door , two of these samples for females it head hooded (with Islamic hijab) and the results were very good in detecting heads and tracking their coordinates. The system has been built using visual C# which is considered faster than interpreted MATLAB that have been used in other researches in the same area.

2014-2015 for extraction, and Quantitative of essential oil t-anethole , from seeds , leaves and callus tissue of (pimipinella anisum L.). This study include sterilized anise seeds were germinated in free MS medium and callus induction from leaves (2cm pieces) by using same MS medium supplemented with plant regulator 2,4-Dichlorophenoxiactic acid (2,4-D) at different concentration (1, 2, 3) mg/l (induced phase). Callus tissue induced sub-cultured on MS medium with (BA) benzyl adenine at concentration of (1, 2, 3) mg/l and 2,4-D at concentration of 2 mg/l. Then, identically callus fresh weight sub-cultured on the same MS Medium supplemented with different concentration of NaCl (6, 9, 12 and 15Ds/m), Finally, comparisons study were made between in vitro and in vivo grown plant. Solution of control (t-anethole) used as standard. The content of t-anethole compound was done by using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), and compare of the quantity of t-anethole in callus with these content in seeds and leaves of mother plant. The result showed significant increased (P<0.05) of t-anethole production in callus tissue than the content in seeds and leaves of mother plant. Antioxidant enzymes activity like Catalase (CAT), were high in callus under different stresses conditions than in callus grown without stress. However, Proline was higher levels in callus under salt stress than in callus grown without stress.

Acinetobacter baumannii is currently as a main opportunistic bacteria to human that posing an rising risk to persons admitted to the hospital, causing them satisfactory infection. Subject of this work aimed to study the dissemination and the frequency of some plasmid genes that encoding Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo β-Lactamase (MBL) among A. baumannii isolates. A total of 235 of various samples (burns, urine and blood) from hospitalized patients in Al-Hussain General Hospital during a period of five months between June to October 2014.
The isolates were identified using microscopic examination, all positive bacterial samples were submitted to conventional biochemical tests and the suspected isolates were candidate to detect 16-23S rRNA using PCR and finally was diagnosed bacteria to confirm the species level, depending on the results of Vitek 2 System. The results were revealed that only 9 isolates identify as A. baumannii and 1 isolate as A. baumannii complex.
The results revealed high resistance to different groups of antibiotics, all isolates were resistance 100% to Ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefepime and aztreonam, while it was 70% to ciprofloxacin and 60% to gentamicin and amikacin while 50% of isolates were resistant to imipenem.
Molecular screening of tested antimicrobial resistance genes were performed, results revealed that different percent of occurrence as following: bla TEM-1(100%), bla TEM-2(90%), bla OXA-1(90%), bla OXA-2(20%), bla OXA-10(30%), and bla IMP(10%). While bla (OXA-23, OXA-48 and KPC ) genes were no detected in this work.
Conclusion. The spread of β-lactam resistance genes especially ESBLs that produced by A. baumannii which detected in this study is a large worry therefore, must take the necessary measures and procedures to reduce this prevalence in the hospitals.

The comparative study included 60 women their age ranged between (45-55) years from April 2014 to November 2014. The study categorized them into two groups, 30 diabetic menopausal women and 30 a non diabetic menopausal women as a control. Subjects trace elements were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and some hormones estrogen, prolactin, FSH, and LH hormones were determined using minividas. All measurements were done in the National Diabetic Center (NDC)/ Al-Mustansiriya University and Ministry of Science and Technology/ Baghdad. –
Results indicated that there is a significant higher level of serum copper and follicle stimulation hormone in diabetic menopausal women compared with the control group. While the levels of zinc, cobalt, chromium, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and estrogen were a significantly lowered in diabetic menopausal women compared with control group. There were no significant correlation between trace elements measured and prolactin, follicle stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estrogen, except a significant negative correlation between FBS and copper.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a very common visceral malignancy in men it counts about one-third of all male cancers and it is the second cause of cancer death in males in United States of America. The conduction of this trail is to know the relationship between prostate specific antigen PSA, testosterone T , insulin and adiponectin in prostate cancer patients suffering From metabolic syndrome (MetS). There is significant difference (p< 0.05) in PSA level (39.04 ± 5.05, 2.93± 0.26) ng/ml respectively in prostate cancer group compared with control group.Significant Difference (p<0.05) in prostate cancer testosterone level (2.44±0.15, 3.10± 0.14) ng/ml respectively compared with control group.Significant difference (p<0.05) in prostate cancer adiponectin level (3.82 ±0.12, 4.50± 0.39) µiu/ml respectively compared with control group.Significant difference (p<0.05) in prostate cancer insulin level (6.13±0.86, 3.77± 0.27) µu/ml respectively compared with control group. There is weak negative correlation between PSA and T (-0.29).weak negative correlation between PSA and insulin
(-0.11). Correlation between PSA and adiponectin is undetectable.