Sciences Journal Of Physical Education

The research significance is highlighted by the fact that communication is one of the main pillars in the process of exchanging information and opinions, and that this significance is more evident in our educational institutions, including the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, after which the college and the lofty edifice in our beloved Iraq in the educational and sports field. The research aims to identify the dominant communication among the faculty and their students and the differences between the teaching male and female staff and male and female students . The researchers used the descriptive approach. The research sample included (23) female instructors , (69) male instructors , (131) female students and (173) male students from the second, third and fourth stage students. The two researchers used a measure of communication patterns (Adel Youssef Abu Ghanima) from Egypt, Which consists of ten questions , and under each question, three options are selected .One of the research results showed that the style of auditory communication is dominant among male and female male and female instructors , as well as male and female students.

The research significance lies in the researchers` approaching the concept of the athlete’s behavioral trend and studying it in all aspects. It is the first Iraqi study (as far as researchers know) to study this concept in the sports field.
As for the research problem, it lies in the lack of a measuring tool that measures this concept among athletes and reveals it .The research aims to construct a measure of behavioral attitudes of athletes, based on the Fox theory, among players of team games.
The descriptive approach was used, and the researchers based the procedures for constructing the scale through what the researchers obtained from a description of the behavioral trends presented by (Fox & Timmerman, 2000). The areas of the scale were identified by presenting a questionnaire to the experts and specialists. A definition of each field was developed and the areas of the scale became five areas. And the five-point scale was used . Based on the opinion of the experts, (53) items were retained, distributed over the five scale fields, and the researchers conducted an exploratory experiment. After that, the scale was applied to the basic experiment sample (constructing sample) of (135) players, who were randomly selected. The researchers used two statistical methods to analyze the items, namely, the method of extreme groups and the method of internal consistency. In light of the results of the two methods, the items were accepted for which the discriminatory force had a significant significance. By applying this procedure to all the items, some items were deleted due to their lack of moral significance, and (53) were retained. As for the validity, it was verified in two types: the veracity of the content and the validity of the structure. As for the reliability, it was verified in two ways: the half-segmentation and Kronbach's Alpha. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to extract the results of the research.

1.Prepare a training program to develop some skill-based performances through small games (SSG).
2.Identify the effect of the training program to develop some complex skill performances for the experimental group.
. Identify the differences between the control and experimental groups.3
The researcher used the experimental approach with two control and experimental groups, and the research community consisted of the junior players under 16 years of Sulaymaniyah football clubs, which amounted to (3) clubs and they are (Ashti , Serwani Nawa , Peshmarga Sulaymaniyah ) where the number of players reached 75 players. As for the research sample, the researcher selected the Ashti club players by deliberate method, which numbered (23) players, and the two groups were distributed randomly and in the manner of a draw with (10) players for each group, and (3) players were excluded, who are goalkeepers. The means of collecting data based on the sources and references to determine the complex skills and tests for these skills. The data was dealt with by adopting the statistical package (SPSS).

Identifying the effect of using Chinese acupuncture to rehabilitate the partial tear of the lateral ligament of a joint. As for the research problem, the two researchers believe that our rehabilitation centers lack acupuncture treatment and specialized staff for Chinese acupuncture because this treatment is one of the modern treatments that are included in some rehabilitation centers . To give great importance of these treatments , the two researchers decided to go into the experience of rehabilitating the lateral ligament injury of the ankle joint using Chinese acupuncture and in order to be a basic building block in the development of educational and training courses on how to use Chinese acupuncture to make them common. The research sample for injured players in team games (volleyball, basketball and football ) for the Sulaymaniyah Governorate Center clubs is for a category, as well as the use of appropriate statistical methods for the purpose of data processing. After presenting, analyzing and discussing the findings of the research, several conclusions were reached, the most important of which are: the emergence of a positive development in the research sample ( A) in measuring the degree of pain for partial rupture of the lateral ligament in the ankle joint and that the index of using acupuncture directly contributed to getting rid of feeling the pain of the injured and ensuring their speedy return to the stadiums. Based on the conclusions reached by the researchers, the two researchers prefer to use acupuncture in the rehabilitation of the injured as a rehabilitative method in the recovery of all kinds of sports injuries. The researchers recommend that coaches to pay attention to players' injuries, even if the injury is minor, and to conduct periodic checks for the safety of the players.

The world has witnessed a rapid development in athletics after the developed countries of the world put all the capabilities to raise the athletic level with advanced scientific methods, and from this point of view the research problem in evaluating the training programs for 400-meter runner coaches focused on the Iraqi country clubs in terms of physical and physiological terms and parts of the race and achievement for this activity because the Iraqi figure has remained unchanged for a long time, and in light of this problem , the researcher stated the most important goals and hypotheses, where the research objectives were:
-Special endurance and its relationship to the level of achievement of 400 m.
-The time elapsed between the parts of the race and the level of completion of 400 meters.
As for the research sample, it was represented by the Iraqi clubs advanced runners in the 400-meter running .
As for the method used in the research, which is the survey approach for its suitability for the method of research, after which the researcher analyzed and discussed the results using appropriate scientific methods through which the researcher reached the most important conclusions and were as follows
-The high rate of random speed among the members of the research sample in the first and third parts of the race.
Low average speed in the last 100 m compared to the international style .-
Lack of rhythm, sense and speed control used, especially in the first half

There is no doubt that evaluation is a process that cannot be dispensed with in all areas, as there is always work and evaluation is inherent to it when issuing judgments and making decisions, because without evaluation we do not know the truth of matters whether they achieved success or achieved failure in the educational field or the curriculum that has been applied ? This is what the researchers see regarding the evaluation of the Physical Education Teacher guide (preparatory stage).
The significance of the research lies in the study being the first (according to the researchers' knowledge) that dealt with the evaluation of the Physical Education Teacher guide (the preparatory stage), through which the researchers seek to obtain results that diagnose its strengths and weaknesses, amend errors and overcome them, and improve its contents in a way that serves the educational process and its pillars, including the teacher and the student.
The research aims to identify the extent of theoretical and applied use of the content of the Physical Education Teacher guide in the preparatory stage in achieving the educational goals of this stage. And the evaluation of the Physical Education teacher guide (preparatory stage) from the point of view of physical education teachers in the preparatory schools in Diyala governorate.
The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and the comparative method for its suitability to the research problem and its objectives. After preparing the questionnaire for evaluating the evidence and presenting it to the experts, it was applied to the research sample of (30) teachers and schools of physical education in Diyala, and then the data was collected and statistically analyzed.

The importance of speed in performing and exceeding the limits that may stand in the way of player development was discussed. The research problem was through the researchers ’observation of the apparent decline in the level of physical abilities until the end of the match. The research aimed to identify the effect of passing the cross-speed barrier training exercises on developing the speed of skill performance in Fustal. The researchers hypothesized that the exercises for crossing the speed barrier had a positive effect on the level of skill performance. As for the human field, they are the players of the Al Furat Sports Club in football for halls and the spatial domain is the closed hall of the Youth and Sports Center in Dhiqar Governorate. The researchers used the experimental method, either the research sample was for the Al Furat Sports Club players in football for halls. After processing the results, the results of the research variables were presented, analyzed and discussed. The two researchers concluded that there is a positive effect of the cross- speed barrier exercises set by the researchers. As for the recommendations, the emphasis was on the cross- speed barrier training exercises in developing the speed of the skillful performance of futsal

Modern leadership is linked to the individual within the group and with the attitudes and goals, therefore the characteristics of a successful leader are not sufficient to define successful leadership, but the difference of positions requires a difference in leadership styles, and a difference has an effect on the leadership process and the goal that the group seeks in the leadership process as well.
Hence, the significance of the research stems from the fact that teaching staff of individual and team games to some departments and colleges of physical education is considered to be one of the leaders in the field of teaching in sports education, in particular teaching individual and team games , and because he is exposed to many different situations, whether inside the classroom or school playgrounds, and this is by imposing on him the use of different methods of leadership, and consequently , this has a positive, organized effect that enables students of physical education to achieve the aim of the teaching process to get the best outcome. The research aims to compare leadership styles between teaching individual and team games for some physical education departments and colleges in Kurdistan region – Iraq.

Because of the adoption of the rules of the International Boxing Federation new standards based on the objective evaluation of the judge, according to the ten-point system of duty, and this system often caused many problems in differentiating between a winning boxer and a losing one by coaches or the public. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the reasons for winning and losing according to the technical indicators. The researchers selected a set of technical indicators, including: active and inactive duration, types of punches according to their number, single, even and multiple punches, as well as pauses. The researchers selected three weights from the junior boxers to represent the light, medium and heavy weights to conduct the analysis of the match and identify the technical reasons that led to the winning or loss of the boxer. The results also showed that the large number of single punches did not have any direct and clear contribution to achieving winning , unlike double and multiple punches, which represented an important factor in achieving winning. The results also showed that the weakness of the special endurance led to a decrease in the number of attacks and offensive pressure, as well as the stoppages and some minor technical errors that did not affect the outcome of the fight. Finally, the results showed that the inactive period gives a bad impression to the judges, and thus it is considered one of the reasons for the loss.

The significance of the research lies in revealing the scientific facts about the role of mental imagery and the necessary physical abilities in Futsal, which will affect the performance of basic skills in the future, and it helps identifying the required high degree of training .The research aims to :
1.Identify the mental imagery and some special physical abilities and perform some basic in futsal skills among players of Aphrodite and Serawan Nawa clubs in Sulaymaniyah governorate.
2.Identify the relationship between mental imagery and some physical abilities of some basic futsal skills among players of Aphrodite and Serawan Nawa club in Sulaymaniyah governorate.
In the second axis, theoretical studies on some matters pertaining to the research were studied , as well as the research methodology, which is the descriptive approach using the survey method. The research sample was identified in Aphrodite and Serwan Nawa clubs in Sulaymaniyah governorate, and a set of tests and pilot studies were developed.