Philosophy Journal

This research is a scientific testimony to the fact that the Middle Ages were not merely periods of darkness, but rather were a natural progress of Human thinking; I attempt to elucidate the enlightening aspects in those eras of time. By which St. Thomas Aquinas, who illuminated the researches was made as the model of enlightenment and uses of the mind of that time, this research also sheds the light on the concept of The Middle Ages as well as the importance of Christian philosophy and the linguistic and terminological meaning of enlightenment besides St. Thomas’ opinions about it

Definition of science and its importance at Abu Al-Hasan al-Amiri
Ameri interested in science because of its impact and usefulness to humans, Ameri decide as science, education, building of the heart, And Transfiguration of eyes and fueling mind. On this basis, the concept of science has come to take something on what it is without error or imprecision, The Ameri focused on this concept on two fundamental issues in scientific studies from the phenomena of the present day are: The need to take the subject studied until the student Acquired legitimacy to talk about and the ability to express an opinion in which he studied the phenomenon on what it taking care to avoid error and slips, The importance of this subject came labeled \"the definition of science and its importance at Abu Al-Hasan Al-Amiri\" Even stand on the most important philosophical texts that emphasize Ameri position of science and its importance to the wise man who knows the truth, and do them. So came the purposes of the study included: Came in the first destination indicate what science at Abu Al-Hasan Al-Amiri, Statement to the definition of science at Amiri philosophical its assets, The second destination: the Ameri came principle in science, Under the title (Science principle to work at Ameri) Amiri as a philosopher refers to the importance of linking science to work science asks for work done, And benefit from to upgrade and advancement of human life by using it, By doing useful work that verification the good life of the individual and society, The third destination on the importance of science, and went full Vandam knowledge which enables human to do useful work, if the human science and collection work for this knowledge, and the fourth to a destination specialty, as is the-Amiri phenomenon of specialization is a Yes on his creation, since God created man created by nature lover looking for knowledge, then the position of each destination of Al Makassed last came to the most important conclusion Search results.

This research discusses the reading given by the French philosophy and history Etienne Gilson (1884-1978) to theme divinity in Christian philosophy .
Where the idea of God Gilson read the new reading . And that by trying to prove that the idea of God in Christian philosophy is the idea of metaphysical authentic it was not preceded by Greek philosophy . Thus , the Christian philosophers they added a lot of metaphysical elements with respect to the idea of God with respect to the principles set by the Greek philosophers Plato, Aristotle . Gilson where confirms that the originality that is in conformity between God and being in Christian philosophy . It is not only one God who created the world . Therefore , the being of the word indicates the essence of God and it dos not indicate any other only God , and this means that the essence and being are united in God only , without other assets in this world .
Accordingly , Christianity those matching between God and being the cornerstone of the Christian reading of the problem of divinity in the Christian philosophy .

Yahya AL-Nahwi: The Scientific Theories , The Philosophical And theological thesis
This research examines the ideas of the Christian philosopher Yahya AL-Nahwi ( 490-570 A.C) of range of scientific theories and philosophical and theological treatises, which he submitted from his criticism of Aristotle ideas in physical nature department . One of the most important scientific theories presented by Yahya AL-Nahwi is the theory is the first matter in which he criticized Aristotle\'s Division of the Cosmos into two kingdoms distinct ,Form and matter , or potentiality and actuality, To another Aristotelian dualism and he proposed instead of that a set of laws applied to both heavenly and terrestrial phenomena, which considered from today researchers the roots of seventeenth century scientific theories. The theory of light, which presented a new vision make light understood not as static but dynamic meaning. He also rejected Aristotle\'s hypothesis about the existence of a heavenly element fixed is called the fifth element or ether. Theory of the impetus , which is one of the most famous scientific achievement for Yahya AL-Nahwi, because it is generally regarded as a crucial step and far away from Aristotelian dynamics towards modern theory based on the idea of Inertia. Theory of space and void which Yahya AL-Nahwi criticized and opposed Aristotle view by indistinct between space and void ,and considered that the space is the void too, and its an extension by three dimensions ,length ,with and depth and this three extension dimensions are completely separate from the body. so space can be empty void or full with the body.also this research studying the criticisem philosophical theses which prceded by Yahya AL-Nahwi in his works : \" Against Proclus on the eternity of the world\" and \" Against Aristotle on the eternity of the world\". Finally ,this research studyies and offers the theological theses by Yahya AL-Nahwi and his thoughts about world creating , Monophysitism and Tritheism, which because of it the church were cursed and pardoned him.

, \"On the Philosophy of Nietzsche
Friedrich Nietzsche” is a name that often provokes strong reactions in both the general and philosophical communities. Different interpretations of his works abound. This plurality of interpretations is perhaps fitting considering his perspectivism. Regardless of one’s attitude toward Nietzsche, however, it is hard to deny his profound and pervasive influence on philosophy over the course of the past century .
Recent years have seen an astonishing array of studies on Nietzsche’s
philosophy reflecting the emergence of a serious and scholarly
interest in Nietzsche’s writings amongst Anglo-American
philosophers, sociologists, and political theorists. This volume sets out
to make a contribution to the current revaluation of Nietzsche’s
philosophy
The structure of this dissertation is established on of Nietzsche,\" consists of two sections: Section I, \"Problematic of the Philosophy of Nietzsche,\" discusses the problematic that contributed to the multiplicity of readings and interpretations of his philosophy. Section II \"The Philosophy of Nietzsche,\" is dedicated to showcasing the central ideas in his philosophy.

That soul topic from the topics are deal with it the old religions and earlier philosophies and the studies Islamic ,if we find from through progress the search that soul is the essence divine this to donate the God to gener-creatures and to distinguish by it specialty the human , where as in addition to this essence divine spiritual , the God may donate him the mind , therefore we find it different at the human according the mentality and levels the realization knowledge and rate the merits and the diseases and the vices in it. Therefore being for soul ample world , because it to favor with the God the soul by a lot of verses , might talk the Koran about it and about meanings it , and to favor with it in detail and to elaborate on where as it from force and rank in the human as these verses incoming about the soul like the meanings which is lead to the human into understand himself and features it different in orientation it to the correct way in civility it and arrangement it in addition to that might get it the scientists and literaries in ideas them.

The process of attention Attention of important processes in contact individual surrounding environment, and is practical and functional in real life directs the individual\'s sense about the situation behavioral whole If this situation new to the individual, or directing the individual\'s sense about some parts of the area of cognitive, if the situation familiar him, and that the individual can not be alert to all these stimuli it selects or selects them is consistent with the state prepare mental has, and so-called attention selective (Selective Attenetion), and sets out the process attention level of treatment, they relate to the learner and the motives and explains (1985Broadbent,) the attention, and there is his choice candidate flow of information that comes from sensations that pass through what might be called the position or short-term storage station mission save the information for a short period to be addressed for the next stage.

The lack of moral side largely responsible for the suffering of our students at the university today of problems, where can attributed a lot of the problems that affecting our students as a moral problems at its core, as the manifestation of negligence and laxity, corruption, exploitation and deviations in adolescents, but is all reflect the moral crisis and the lack of moral growth. Side is the moral subject in the personal structure of the process of growth, like that of the other personality aspects and this strong practical drink Child regime moral of the group in which it arises, for this, the many scientists confirmed on this side as necessary to build the individual\'s personality through his ability to moral reasoning to pattern their behavior It is the most important theorists who focused on their theory on the growth of moral thinking in phase entering the university is theorist of Kohlberg interpreted through the third phase of life that stretches from (18 and older) years.