IRAQI JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS, COMMUNICATIONS, CONTROL AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

This paper provides a new algorithm for the evaluation of WAVELETTRANSFORM (WT) and the WAVELET PACKET TRANSFORM (WPT) using FieldProgrammable Gate Array (FPGA).FPGA realization is the most recent category, which takes the place in theimplementation of DSP applications, and it had proved the capability to handle such jobsand supports the necessary needs of scalability, speed, size, cost, and efficiency.The WT & WPT coefficients are depend upon the multi resolution analysis approachusing HAAR or DUBCHIES2 bases functions. Next, coefficients are evaluated in theFPGA card through its implementation using logical circuits using a specified electroniclibrary kit.

The purpose of this work is to introduce an economical spectrum analyzer forlaboratory and test applications. Such an analyzer is achieved by utilizing the graphiccapability of a personal computer (PC) and the sufficient numerical processing of themicrocontroller.

The relatively new field of multiwavelets shows promise in removing some ofthe limitations of wavelets. Multiwavelets offer more design options and hence cancombine all desirable transform features. In this paper several new algorithms forcomputing advance transforms are proposed. Firstly a fast procedure for computing of1-D and 2-D multiwavelet transforms is introduced. Secondly, for the first time, acomplete new procedure for computing of 3-D multiwavelet transforms is given.Thirdly, the inverse procedures of all the above transform for multi-dimensional casesare verified. In addition to the mathematical prove, all these new algorithms wereverified also using illustrated example.

Adding colors to all pixels in monochrome image are difficulty performed. Itrequires considerable user intervention and remains a tedious, time-consuming,expensive task with no certain results.The previous methods have not the wanted color-scale and the harmony in colors used.This paper presents semi-automatic image colorization, where the user only needs toannotate the image with a few desirable color scribbles depending on the user’s choiceand the indicated colors are automatically diffused to produce a fully colorized image.The execution depending on the geometry and structure of the monochrome luminanceinput, given by its gradient information, The color is then diffused by solving a partialdifferential equation (Anisotropic Diffusion Equation) that annotate a few colorscribbles provided by the user, with firmness in the original gradient information inimage.The approach suggests an semi- automatic method that minimizes the amount of humanwork and the results are of high efficiency from the previous methods.

Transmission of secret information provides an interesting problem space forinvestigating information hiding. In this paper we present a proposed hiding system“Single and Double Hiding (SDH)”, which can be used to embed text file in digitalimage and all will be hide in cover image or hide text file in cover image only. SDH is aflexible system, because its used variety types of image file format with different sizesuch as (BMP, JPEG, GIF, and GIF-Animation), the proposed system gives a goodresult instead of sending encrypted message that draw suspicion, this is whereSteganography can come into play.The system use cryptography, compression, and image filtering as auxiliaryprocesses to recover the weakness in the previous methods, and its used three inventedmethods for hiding, which are Hiding in Edge Points, Direct Hiding, and Hiding withReference Images.We present a comparison between (stego and cover) image through using thehistogram and the difference distortion metrics, which are (MSE, SNR, LMSE, PSNR,NC, and CQ). Finally from the evaluation step the SDH system achieved the main goalof Steganography, since the resulting images didn’t draw any suspicion.

WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) is a powerful technique available to meetthe ever-increasing demand for communication bandwidth. Among the WDMtechniques, the grating is widely used. Fiber gratings selectively reflect a narrow rangeof wavelengths; this becomes important in designing demultiplexers.This paper presents a design idea to build a WDM demultiplexer component usingFiber Bragg Grating (FBG). The results obtained reveal that the suggested design ispowerful in achieving accurate demultiplexer design. We aim to demonstrate the highlevel accuracy, the time and cost saving from using the latest state of art software. Theperformance was measured using quality factor (Q. Factor) and bit error rate (BER),available via visualizers Component Library, included in Optisystem simulator.

OFDM system operates at high speed data rate over selective fading channel. Inthis paper a Turbo Coded OFDM (COFDM) system was presented and simulated overRayleigh selective fading mobile radio channel. The type of the turbo code used is aparallel concatenated convolutional code (PCCC). The simulation results include acomparison between coded and uncoded OFDM system with different number ofsubcarrier. Furthermore, the number of iterations and input frame lengths effects on theperformance were investigated. The result shows that the performance of OFDM systemis enhanced when using turbo code in the OFDM system. Furthermore, the performanceenhancement is increased as the number of iterations and input frame length isincreased.

A neural network-based feedforward controller and self-tuning PID controllerwith optimization algorithm is presented. The scheme of the controller is based on twounknown models that describe the system and optimization algorithm. These models aremodified Elman recurrent neural network and NARMA-L2. The modified Elmanrecurrent neural network (MERNN) model and NARMA-L2 model are learned withtwo stages off-line and on-line, in order to guarantee that the output of the modelaccurately represents the actual output of the system. The aim from the NARMA-L2model is to find the Inverse Feedforward Controller (IFC) which controls the steadystateoutput of the system. The MERNN model after being learned is called theidentifier. The feedback PID self tuning control signal for N-step ahead can becalculated the PID parameters by using the optimization algorithm with the quadraticperformance index which is quadratic in the error between the desired set point and themodel output, as well as quadratic of the control action. The paper explains thealgorithm for a general case, and then a specific application on non-linear dynamicalplant is presented.

Evolutionary algorithms, Genetic algorithms in particular, are known to be robust and have been increasing popularity in the field of numerical optimization. Neural networks and genetic algorithms demonstrate powerful problem solving ability. They are based on quite simple principles, but take advantage of their mathematical nature: non-linear iteration. Neural networks with back-propagation learning showed results by searching for various kinds of functions. However, the choice of the basic global performance index ( parameter weights) often already determines the success of the training process. The study presents a hybrid controller system; has been optimized by genetic algorithm optimization tool. GA based optimization scheme for simultaneous coordination of multiple power system damping controllers. Local measurements will be considered as input signals to the damping controller. The proposed algorithm will be applied to tuning controller of a single machine infinite bus power system . All simulations will be carried out using MATLAB based package for nonlinear simulations of power systems Controllers will be designed using MATLAB neural network functions and genetic algorithms optimization tool.

The paper investigates many problems in quantum systems by using themodeling of optical components using Jones matrices. These methods give highflexibility to choose perfect model and ideal measurements base of Alice and Bob. Thesimulated source uses polarization entangled photons from spontaneous parametricdown-conversion. The proposed model of Ekert's quantum cryptography protocol, isalso simulated based on modeling the optical components by Jones matrices. Bell'sinequality is computed to detect the eavesdropper. The results show the effect of theeavesdropper on the Bit Error Rate (BER) and S factor of Bell's inequality. Theeavesdropper affects more on the results of S and BER when he doesn't know the basemeasurements of Alice and Bob.