Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

This study aims to assess the level of proactive behavior and strategic agility among senior academic leaders in universities in Baghdad Province, as perceived by heads of scientific departments. Additionally, it seeks to examine the relationship between the study variables. The descriptive-analytical method was used, with a study population of 413 department heads, of which 336 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The results indicate that academic leaders exhibit a good level of proactive behavior, while their strategic agility is at a moderate level, with identified gaps needing improvement, particularly in the area of opportunity investment strategy. The study also found a strong correlation between proactive behavior and strategic agility (correlation coefficient 0.893**). The study recommends establishing an effective system for reporting issues and proposing preventive solutions (problem prevention) to ensure prompt responses and the implementation of proactive solutions. It also emphasizes the necessity of empowering leaders to make proactive decisions and expand their authority, while enhancing strategic agility through balancing exploration and exploitation strategies and focusing on opportunity investment.

What distinguishes the literary language from other ordinary languages is that the literary language contains linguistic features and signs that symbolize funny connotations and moral symbols. The language of poetry is considered one of the most prominent and sublime literary models in which the word and the meaning are closely linked. The thing that has a pivotal role in a deep understanding of a literary text is a scientific study of the elements of the text’s language and its literary trends. The semiotic trend is one of the most important and prominent trends under which the reader can delve into the depths of the text by unraveling the riddles about its semiotic connotations.
This research aims to analyze the semiotics in the poem “The Ruins” by the poet Ibrahim Naji, through a semiotic analysis and reveal the hidden aesthetics in the text. This study attempts, through the descriptive-analytical approach, to study the poem “The Ruins” by the poet Ibrahim Naji, using semiotics, which has received great attention from linguists in Recently. One of the results that we reached through this research is that the semiotic study helps to investigate the hidden aesthetics in the poem “The Ruins” by the poet Ibrahim Naji and reveal the moral treasures hidden in its multiplication.

Angels are unseen creatures created by Allah from light, performing multiple roles in service to Allah and humans. The Quran speaks about angels, elucidating their nature and roles. In this study, we will address the managers (angels) and their relationship to the world of creation, and the limits set for them by the Quran. Key findings are: 1) the managers refer to angels tasked with managing the affairs of the universe by Allah's command. 2) The managing angels play an important role in organizing the movement of planets and stars. 3) The Quran has delineated the limits of the managers' authority; they are subject to Allah's command and do not possess absolute authority over affairs.

The Holy Qur’an is the miraculous book of God, which the Almighty revealed in the Arabic language, making it clear and eloquently miraculous. One of the methods of eloquence that it brought is deletion, which is considered one of the prominent linguistic phenomena in the Arabic language, especially in the Holy Qur’an. It is the dropping of one or more words from a sentence, and among its most important reasons are: The listener knows what is deleted if he is knowledgeable and aware of what is deleted and the frequent use of some words that occur frequently in speech. Which forces it to be deleted in order to reduce it. This research aims to study the rhetoric of deletion in the twenty-fifth part of the Qur’anic discourse, semantically and linguistically, based on the descriptive and analytical approach. The research concluded, through the applied study in the twenty-fifth part, that the Qur’anic verses, especially in this part, included semantically the rhetorical purposes of deletion, and among those purposes are brevity and abbreviation in speech, expansion and lightening, in addition to exaggeration and exaggeration due to the ambiguity and ambiguity it contains, and The purposes are also to belittle the matter of the omitted, or to refrain from mentioning the omitted in a specific place in order to honor or honor it.

Desertification is one of the risks that threaten the ecosystem and life, as it was found that the study area suffers from the problem of desertification and the emergence of its manifestations, which affected the decline in the productive capacity of agricultural lands, the decrease in their fertility, and the decrease in nutrients in them. Therefore, the research summarized the identification of the manifestations of desertification in the Middle Euphrates due to the dimensions of these manifestations. Economic, political and social threats to the most important natural resources, which is the land, which is the basis of economic activities, and it was shown through classification and analysis of land cover and indicators and spectral evidence of drought in the study area using seven indicators represented by (vegetation cover, water cover, soil moisture, soil salinity, soil erosion, Biological crust, sand dunes) The study area suffers from a decrease in the percentage of vegetation cover. The reason for the decrease is due to the prevailing climatic conditions represented by drought, lack of rainfall, and high temperatures, in addition to human factors that led to the transformation of large areas of vegetation cover into barren lands.

The research aims to identify students’ possession of mathematical proof skills by answering the question:
What is the level of students’ possession of the mathematical proof skills included in the mathematics textbook for the fifth scientific grade for the academic year (2023-2024 AD) in Iraq?
To verify the goal of the research, the following null hypothesis was developed:
(There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the averages of the real and hypothetical performance of fifth-grade scientific students in the mathematical proof skills test.)
The population of middle school and high school day students affiliated with the Babylon Education Directorate, Iraq, was determined, and the research sample was (200) students from the fifth grade of middle school.
A mathematical proof skills test was prepared. The test consisted of (30) essay items

The transportation system and the road and communications network are among the most important components of cities. The transportation network and its regional connectivity contribute to enhancing the adequacy and performance of the city’s functions, ensuring ease and smooth movement and linking the city, its region, and other regions. In addition, the road network represents one of the elements of linking human settlements and the system of all interactions. Which serves humanity. This study, entitled (the spatial relationship between the road network and human settlements in Al-Karma District), stemmed from a problem that states (what is the analysis of the efficiency of land transportation routes in Al-Karma District for the year 2023). As for the goal of the study, the study aimed to draw the dimensions of the road network in Al-Karma District. The study area geographically, observing the stages of its development and showing its characteristics and advantages as an indicator of economic and social development in the Karma district.

The primary objective of the current investigation is to examine the impact of the " snowball strategy " on the academic accomplishments and attitudes of students in the fifth grade with regards to the study of Kurdish grammar. In order to achieve this particular goal, two null hypotheses have been created.

The first null hypothesis postulates that there is no statistically significant distinction, at the 0.05 significance level, between the average scores of the students in the experimental group who are studying Kurdish grammar utilizing the " snowball strategy, and the average scores of the students in the control group who are studying the same subject through the utilization of conventional methods in the achievement test.

The second null hypothesis posits that there is no statistically significant distinction, at the 0.05 significance level, between the average scores of the students in the experimental group who are studying Kurdish grammar using the " snowball strategy, and the average scores of the students in the control group who are studying the same subject through the utilization of conventional methods in the attitude scale

Metaphor is one of the formulaic forms with overlapping interactions on the part of words and meaning, this interaction that occurred had parties that could not be completed without the presence of one of them in the apparent way, and the meaning cannot be taken in the real way, as the meaning must be completed depending on the hidden connotations behind the apparent meaning, this study was devoted to demonstrating the effect of the metaphor method in producing the meanings of the Qur’an texts according to Mu’tazila interpreters. The Mu'tazilites were distinguished by their interest in the rhetorical aspect, as the meaning in the metaphorical form requires interpretation, and the Mu'tazilites paid attention to this rhetorical art in their interpretations. Therefore, this research attempts to explain how the Mu’tazila interpreted texts according to the types of metaphor, and the time period extended from the third century to the sixth century AH. A number of Mu'tazilites emerged who had a prominent influence in determining the style of some Quran texts using metaphor, and explaining the meaning according to this method.

This research aims to: identify the effectiveness of a proposed strategy based on the theory of grammatical case in developing creative reading skills among fourth grade students. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher adopted the descriptive research approach to build the proposed strategy, and the experimental approach (quasi-experimental design) for two groups, one experimental and the other self-testing control. Pre and post, the research sample included (60) students from the fourth science grade at Al-Jawahiri Preparatory School for Boys, affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Al-Qadisiyah,.
The researcher built the proposed teaching strategy based on the grammatical case theory, The experiment was applied in the first semester of the academic year 2023-2024 AD, and at the end of the experiment the researcher applied the creative reading skills test. The post-test prepared by the researcher himself for the students of the two research groups. After analyzing the data statistically, the researcher reached the following results:
• The students of the experimental group who studied the reading subject using the strategy based on the theory of grammatical case outperformed the students of the control group who studied the same subject in the traditional way.
• There is effectiveness of the proposed strategy based on the theory of grammatical situation in developing creative reading skills.

The current study focuses on the integrated linguistic structure of the reading text and pays great attention to it, considering it the true framework from which the language derives its vitality and meaning. It thus presents a new perspective in the study of the reading text, starting within its general intellectual framework from the recognition that the processes of linguistic communication are not practiced through single, isolated sentences. But through interactive, coherent sentences that go beyond the narrow limits of the sentence into the expanse of the vast structure of the text. The theory of the grammatical situation can be taken into account and benefited from in the field of teaching creative reading, developing its skills, and advancing them to reach higher mental processes through scientific analysis of reading texts. In light of specific criteria, it contributes to deepening the read text, starting from it to diverse ideas, developing imagination, and reading predictions, as well as through questions that stimulate creative thinking.

The research aims to explain the historical stages that Qur’anic readings passed through until they reached us as an integrated science based on its origins, because of the necessity of highlighting those stages. Because it relates to the gradual maturity of this science and its historical paths, the goal of the research is achieved by answering questions, the most important of which are: What stages has the science of readings passed through and what are its historical paths? What are the characteristics of each stage? The researcher followed the inductive and descriptive approach to present and explain these stages. There are studies that dealt with these stages in multiple eras, but this study was characterized by its comprehensiveness for those eras and presented it in a general way to avoid prolongation.

The research aims to clarify the effect of evidence in interpreting verses and what are their forms related to interpretation, which every interpreter must be familiar with, along with the necessity of knowing the sciences with which the interpreter is armed in order for the true meaning and intended meaning of the Qur’anic verses to emerge.
The determinants of the clues and the extent of their relationship to the Qur’anic text were also explained, and the levels of their impact in directing the meaning were identified in terms of strength, verification, clarity, generality and specificity, and their work and function. The researcher adopted the inductive and descriptive approach to extract the impact of the clues and explain them in the Qur’anic text, as the research plan included three demands divided into several branches and a conclusion. And search results.

The current research aims to reveal the effect of using inquiry learning supported by interactive video in mathematics for second-year intermediate students in high-achieving schools on their strategic thinking by verifying the following hypothesis:
There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group who studied according to investigative learning supported by interactive video and the scores of the students of the second group that studied the same material according to the usual method in the strategic thinking test.
A quasi-experimental design was chosen for both groups
The research sample consisted of 90 students, 45 students for both groups, and then two halls out of five halls were chosen randomly. Accordingly, the internal and external soundness of the experimental design was verified.
The two groups were rewarded statistically on the variables (previous mathematics achievement, strategic thinking, chronological age in months, and previous knowledge test), and a set of teaching plans (42) were prepared for both groups.
The interactive video was designed, built and directed according to the investigative learning strategy in terms of scientific steps in order to keep pace with technological development and the extent of student response
During the experimental application period, a test for strategic thinking was constructed and consisted of 15 items
After applying the test, the researcher analyzed the results and the results resulted in a statistically significant effect of investigative learning supported by video and interactive learning on the strategic thinking of the students of the experimental group and its superior performance over the students of the control group. The research came out with recommendations.