Iraqi Journal of Science and Technology

The aim of this study is to investigate the concentration of some toxic metals (Iron, Copper, Zinc, Chrome, Manganese, Cobalt, Lead and Nickel). in five types of cigarettes (Rothmans, Marlboro, Karela Sports and LM) in some of Aden governorate markets_ Sebhau, at a rate of three samples of each type, the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) technique was used to determine these heavy metals. The results showed that there is a significant increase in the concentration of toxic metals in these types of cigarettes The concentration of the toxic metals was (0.225, 0.223, 0.08, 0.01, 0.06, 0.032, 0.134 and 0.18 ppm) respectively. while the results of the measurement of the toxic elements in tobacco ash (residue) were (0.309, 0.04, 0.033, 0.005, 0.052, 0.034, 0.115 and 0.264 ppm) respectively. These results will give a good indicator that each part of the cigarette contain percentage of toxic elements, and this reflects the amount of damage to the health of the smokers.

Three buildings were selected from the Ministry of Science and Technology, these are the building of the Department of Environment and Water, the building of the Civil Defense and the building of the Nursery during the year 2019. Three experiments were carried out in the building of the Department of Environment and Water, the first to assess the gray water qualities and while, the second was carried at the laboratory level to find out the best medium for treating gray water using a column system and the third at field level by planting pots with morenga plant to see the effect of the three irrigation treatments (treated with gray water, untreated gray water and raw water) on plant growth and some soil properties. The results of the first and second experiments indicated that the gray water quality in all the selected buildings was good where EC ranged (0.95-1.08) ds/m and did not require secondary treatment, but only the primary treatment using rice husks and sand for filtration and sift the gray water from dirt, dust and large solid pieces so that it could be used for irrigation. Results of the third experiment showed a significant increase in the studied growth indicators and the content of elements in the plant and soil from the two treatments of treated and untreated gray water compared to the third treatment (Raw Water).

Different concentrations of the aqueous extract of licorice (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 %) were tested and compared with the standard medium which used in multiplication and microtuberization of four potato cultivars (Arnova, Riviera, Provento and Bureen) propagated in vitro. Data were recorded for the traits of shoots and roots growth (number and length of shoots, plant height, number of nodes and fresh and dry weight) as well as microtubers parameters namely (Number, Diameter, and Weight of Tuber) after 30 days of incubation. The results showed that the cultivars varied in their response to the addition of the aqueous extract of licorice in all the traits of the shoots and roots growth. The cultivar Arnova superiority at 10 mL-1 which gave the highest number of shoots and their length (4.40 Plant Shoot-1, 4.00 cm, Respectively) while Riviera cv at 5 mL-1 concentration gave the highest rate in plant height reached 16.00 cm. On the other hand, the addition of the aqueous extract of licorice had no significant effect on the phenotypic characteristics of the microtubers compared with standard medium, except the percentage of microtubers formation.

Heat transfer and mass concentration in the boundary layer of steady nanofluids flow (Nanofluid Defined as a Fluid Containing Nanometer-sized Particles) which occurs because the stretching of a flat surface was studied numerically. The mathematical system contains ten parameters which are effect on this type of flow such as Brownian motion (Brownian motion defined as is the random movement of particles suspended in a base fluid), variable thickness magnetic effect, non-linear velocity, thermophoresis, chemical reaction, Reynolds number, Prandtl number and heat source. The Partial differential equations PDE (Which Represents the Boundary Layer Equations BLE for the Steady Two-dimensional Flow) are turned into ordinary deferential equations ODE using similarity transformation and then analyze the issue numerically by the method “shooting technique”. The profiles of velocity, temperature and concentration were analyzed in detail for mentioned parameters to determine which parameters will have significant effects.

This study was carried out to estimate area, trees number, and density in addition to productivity of date palm trees in Semawa-Iraq city using Remote Sensing data and Geographic Information System. Study area was (3446) Km2. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to create a map and extract the plant cover in the study area. A process of digital classification has been performed for NDVI and Landsat 8 image for extract date palm trees from it, depend on ground truth and Quick bird image, in addition to Google earth images of 2014 for inferred of date palm trees through these images and extract spectral reflectance values for date palm trees of it. The results of analysis illustrated that total area of date palm trees in the city was about (57) Km2, the total number of date palm trees was about 1198425 trees, with density equal to (21025) tree per square Kilometer. The total productivity of the dates in the study area was (53,244) Ton.

The surface runoff is a very significant component of the hydrological cycle. The main objectives of this study the employed Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model to assess the surface runoff and water balance in the Abbasan watershed (864 Km2) in the northeastern of Iraq. The remote sensing data were used as the primary input for the SWAT model. This data included digital elevation model (STMR); Land Used Land Cover (LULC) map generated from the Landsat 8 classification for the year 2019. The climate data were collected from Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project funded by the NASA Earth Science. The map soil was sourced from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The results revealed that about 32 % and 48% of the annual precipitation is lost by percolation and evapotranspiration respectively. The annual runoff volume for the period 1991-2019 was estimated at about 38 million m3. These results demonstrated that the SWAT model can estimate the runoff volume and description all water balanced elements. Also, it has been found that the LULC and soil classes have an important impact in generated the surface runoff.

In this study, the level of heavy metals was examined in the serum of 100 cases for two groups which were 60 cases of breast cancer and 40 not infected cases. All samples have been Frozen and allowed later to thaw at room temperature. Inorganic elements (Zn, Cu, Pb) were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS). Data have been analyzed and compared using SPSS-18 and student\'s T-Test. The results showed the mean serum zinc concentration of the infected group was (71.7 ± 5.1 and 70.4 ± 5.4 µg/dl) which was highly significantly (P≤0.001) lower than the results of the non-infected group (89.7 ± 10.2 and 97.5 ± 13.2 µg/dl) for Premenopausal and Postmenopausal respectively of each group. Furthermore, the mean serum copper concentration of the infected group was (157.2 ± 13.9 and 157.4 ±11.9 µg/dl) which was highly significantly (P≤0.001) higher than the results of the non-infected group (122.2 ± 15.5 and 112.2 ± 15.8 µg/dl) for Premenopausal and Postmenopausal respectively of each group. Moreover, the mean blood lead level was (20.7 ± 2.5 µg/dl and 19.9 ± 1.7 µg/dl) of breast cancer group was significantly higher (P≤0.001) when compared to the other group with (15.1 ± 2.0 µg/dl and 14.6 ± 2.3 µg/dl) Premenopausal and Postmenopausal respectively of each group. The results of this study indicate that levels of trace metals were little in the breast cancer women in Baghdad city.