Surra Man Ra'a

The work of science is one of the best interests of man in his worldly life, and this is why our scholars took care of this aspect and they wrote the books and the letters, many of which are still locked in the libraries, did not get the benefit of study and investigation, and these great scholars Sheikh Alawi bin Ahmed Al-Saqqaf 5331 (may Allah have mercy on him) A lot of books and letters in various sciences, including this manuscript, which is in our hands is a small manuscript of great usefulness of great usefulness of science and this is one of the reasons that made me choose this manuscript and I work on achieving and other reasons that prompted me to achieve this manuscript that it did not deserve It is an important subject that we need in our daily lives. The nature of the research necessitated that it be of two subjects and an introduction. In the introduction, we explained the importance of the subject and the reason for choosing the subject. , And the first topic was devoted to talk about the author and the book, and the second section has made it from the text investigated and was systematic in it as follows:
1. Copy and write the text in accordance with modern Arabic and Islamic language.
2- I have fixed some of the errors in the manuscript, which is very few and clarified the ambiguous words in the margin.
3- the verses of the Koran and I pointed to the places and came out of the Prophet's Hadiths Mzana and judged.
4 - I reviewed the article of the manuscript on the sources that took care of this science and documented from sources.
5 - defined the terms of legitimacy that need to.
6 - translated to the media submerged and left the famous ones to avoid lengthening.
Finally, I do not claim perfection, the lack of supplies of man and ask God Almighty to accept my work and make him sincere to his face and forgive the writer of these lines and the author and reader and benefit the students of science. ..
May Allah bless and bless our master Muhammad and his family and companions.

The values of justice, freedom and equality in Islam are fundamental to the issue of co-existence with non-Muslims in general and the people of the book in particular. These moral values and constants must be followed by Muslims in their daily lives. Islam is only complemented by adherence to all aspects of Islam, faith, worship,
And that one of the most important purposes of the Sharia is to preserve the self, blood, supply and money, and to preserve security and the neighborhood, in the case of multiple religions and different stripes and understanding, while preserving the purity of faith and the requirements of unification.
slam does not allow its believers to deal with those values on the basis of immediate interest or reactions, but must be adhered to at all times and circumstances peace or war, love or desire, ... and other self-values that Muslims must create, adhere to and apply in Their daily lives.
As a result of the above, Islam has adopted great principles to regulate relations between people. Perhaps the most prominent of these principles, including justice, freedom, equality and other sub-principles, .
In this context, we must take note of these principles, which emphasize that Islam is a democratic system, and that it is the race in determining the democratic principles adopted before any global political system.
Among these great principles came the writing of this humble research which dealt with these values and how to treat the Messenger of God () to the people of the book.
The research is divided into three sections dealing with the first topic, the approach of justice with the people of the book, and divided the subject into three demands, the first requirement included the statement of the meaning of justice language and terminology, and the second demand the statement of images of justice, and the third demand models of the treatment of the Prophet Muhammad The second topic included the approach of freedom in dealing with the people of the book and divided the subject into three demands, including the first requirement to demonstrate the meaning of freedom language and terminology, and the second demand the statement of freedom, Examples of the treatment of the Prophet Mohammed () freedom with the people of the book. And the third topic dealt with the approach of equality with the people of the book has also included three demands, the first requirement to demonstrate the meaning of equality language and terminology, and the second demand the statement of images of equality, and the third demand models of the treatment of the Prophet Muhammad equality with the people of the book.
In my humble research, I have relied on many sources and references, wishing to be of the required level and of God's success.

The Torah, before its distortion and the intervention of human hands in its codification, is the book of God the house on the prophet Moses - peace be upon him - and there was guidance and light for the children of Israel. The Torah consists of five books or sections. Each of these books speaks of one or more matters concerning and after the death of Moses - peace be upon him - and the Babylonian captivity and after the children of Israel re-codified the Torah was not of these scribes and after the complete loss of the texts of that book, but to write What they found texts that belong mainly to nations and peoples with civilizations and literature These factors are the archaeological discoveries and the critical studies of the so-called Bible. It was also noted that the method of writing in the Torah is not one, but there is a difference The most important characteristic in this difference is the naming of the Lord and how it speaks of its descriptions, which led to the discovery of the four sources.

The phenomenon of the terminological coding has become a phenomenon with us where we went, and it is shocking us where we looked back. In airports, cafes, streets, newspapers, magazines and books.etc. Its idea is based on composing sliced A B C which are usually meaningless, then it gets a new meaning through a reference of each character of it to a word which is the first letter of it. Who is that one among us does not know what the characters of (USA) stand for, for example? These characters have gained a symbolism through meeting together in one format, and taken a symbolic indication well-known through repeating it in both ears and observing in different ways. The phenomenon of the terminological encoding is not a recent phenomenon, but has roots in the history of Arab and Islamic Studies, the first Arabic, Hadith, Qur'an, Sunna and Fiqh scholars were using symbols to refer to the names of authors, writings, sciences and different countries and places which were well-known in their books and compositions. I also did and sorted a special research in the abbreviation symbols in the Arabic old dictionaries, herein I am doing another research which is especial just for modern dictionaries; I am doing this to scout about the reality of the terminological coding in the modern dictionaries, I think that there is a difference of use between the old and the modern in this innovation, where knowledge, sciences and arts were increased, and the need for using the abbreviation and inventing codes for it to be used by modern lexicographers, has been also increased.

1- The basin has a direct and indirect effect on the geomorphology of the basin of Al-Aftah Samarra. The basin is located in the dry and semi-dry climate according to the classification of Bhwn and according to the classification of Mather, an arid climate based on these categories.
2- the rainfan in the large daily and monthly thermal range between July and January .
3- The basin is limited between the lines of rain (150 - 200) mm .
4- High evaporation .
5- Therefore, the water budget is negative, ranging from 11-12 months .
6- affects the climate on the conduct of geomorphological processes so predominates physical weathering while less chemical and organic weathering and thus highlights the role of wind as a carving, erosion and sedimentation.
7- The existence of many dry valleys, which vary in rank as well as the impact of geological formation and construction processes in the four-year impact on the clear forms of the ground .

This research focuses mainly on the use of GIS in the design of an integrated database for the power distribution system within the neighborhoods of Kirkuk. The traditional distribution network system with its inherent limitations in the conservation and management of information has many disadvantages, such as difficulties in searching for and updating previous records, which are very important and time-consuming.
Using GIS, we can avoid the disadvantages of the traditional system by developing an automated system for the national electricity distribution network after collecting the maps of the electricity distribution network from the relevant authorities. And then design the spatial database, which is created by converting paper maps into digital format and inserting point coordinates of transformers and nutrients into the GIS environment as well as the creation of databases (for poles and power distribution lines) and roads and buildings for the beneficiaries, View the results obtained in graphics and tables. The GIS distribution network can help us plan preventive maintenance, ease records retrieval, improve material management, integrate spatial databases with analytical tools, leading to more efficient power distribution systems for decision making and future planning.

The slope and the speed of the water current and the amount of drainage are few in the study section (which starts from the new bridge in the area of Kalak north and ends at the village of Safiyah in the south) because the river is away from the feeding areas and the losses due to evaporation, filtration and human consumption, indicating that the river is in maturity. The actual length of the riverbed in the studied section is (8) km and its ideal length is (7.2) km. Thus, the river is classified within the study area as quirky. It has a winding function (1.11) and, depending on the torsions, the river was divided into four sections.
The banks of the Alzab - Alkabir River are affected in the studied section by two types of factors that lead to their collapse. Firstly, the natural factors that cause their instability and then collapse such as: rainfall, river load, terrain, vegetation, river torsions, sedimentary characteristics of river components and slopes. Secondly, the human factors and the most important quarries of gravel and sand and concentrated on the left bank of the river to extract gravel and sand which resulted in many of the trenches and cracks affected the stability of the banks and changed its natural appearance, in addition to agriculture on the banks as fertile areas and good for the cultivation of various crops, which caused the deformation and change of banks and made water flow easily through the seasons of the flood.
The river banks consist of clay stone, sandstone, shale, conglomerates and soil; as well as modern river deposits (gravel, sand, silt, mud). Three types of river banks collapses were identified in the study section: Alcove – shape failure, Toppling – shape failure and Mass – shape failure.
Key words : Alzab - Alkabir River, Geomorphology of the river, the shape of the stream, the components of the banks, the collapse of the banks.

This study aims to fathom the development of the Iraqi external indebtedness in all of its various forms in terms of the unpaid outstanding balance through the period from 2003 to 2016 and studying the strategies adopted by the successive Iraqi government in managing the Iraqi indebtedness and studying the effects of the indebtedness on the Iraqi national security because indebtedness is one of the important problems that faces the developing countries in general and the less developed in particular due to its negative dimensions on the process of the economic development in these countries and its threats on the financial system. This is applied on the Iraqi situation as one of the developing countries. This study will urge through the hypothesis of the negative relation between the size of the Iraqi external indebtedness and on the level of the security and military stabilization and the level of the economic and social stabilization. This study is important because it sheds light on the external indebtedness of Iraq in the shade of the scarcity of the studies on this topic and the extent of the effect of the indebtedness on the Iraqi national security. This study adopts the descriptive empirical method in studying and analyzing the data, information, and the reports available concerning the Iraqi external indebtedness using everything that we can get such as books, courses, magazines, reports, and previous studies in addition to the websites. The study summarized that the start of the Iraqi external indebtedness was in 2003 when the successive Iraqi governments in depending on the external loans for funding the projects for enhancing defense and security capabilities which led to collapse of the pillars of the Iraqi national security in all of its dimensions and threatening the security and stabilization of the Iraqi government. So, the researcher recommends the economic and political decision maker looking for new alternatives instead of borrowing through the investment, productive, and developmental projects and lessening the resort to the external fund resources and competing all forms of the corruption through stressing the controlling and applying the deterring laws and regulations to protect the public funds.

The Arab interests in the countries of the East are the countries behind the river and their aspirations is the ambition and the Arab Islamic thought which was aimed at freeing the peoples who suffer from ignorance and out of the rulers and their tyranny in ruling and robbing the good of that country. The idea of the Arab Islamic state was in the Rashidi era, May Allah be pleased with him when he broke the thorn of the Persians in the battle of Nahawand open Fotouh and take follow their impact to Khorasan .

The wind is very important theme that interest many geographers because it is one of the most important climatic elements which is associated in direct and indivect way with the life of human loping and wind energy ,the certainty of human being has increased that electricity consumption resulting from the sources of fuel considered main cause of growing global warming ,on the other hand energy is not fossilized is just like mystery (Puzzle) and it is exhausted energy because it is aware of price fluctuations .As well water security in Iraq in general and especially in Salah-al-din threatened because of the international conflict about water , states that control water sources that enter to the study area , constructions of dams without taking in to account the right of neighboring states and high costs of electrical stations which depend large dams and the required water volume and management ,All these led to the search for alternatives to energy obtained from natural sources . these alternatives are al alternatives sources . of energy including wind energy and harnessing the potential available in the province of salah-al-Din from that fills even a fraction of the region need for energy , the research included a number of axes including the importance of wind energy , wind speed analysis and access . to the expected energy by relying on the special equation of the wind card and the determine the appropriate areas for wind investment in the energy field by relying on the most accurate spatial analysis techniques (Gis) , the appropriate area of organized large parts of the vigilance of both TIkrit , Samarra , Aldor , and Balad .

The failure of the diplomatic effort to solve the crisis between Iraq and Kuwait lead to occupation of Kuwait by the Iraq forces at the second of July 1990، As a result, many decisions were made by the UN security council against Iraq, The USA took the leadership of an international and regional alliance. The war against Iraq started on the twentieth of January to twenty eight of February, 1991، The war lead to push out the Iraqi forces from Kuwait as the war called (the second Golf war). Turkey at that time, stood beside the alliance by forcing a complete siege against Iraq. Furthermore, more than 100000 Turkish soldiers were crowded on all over the Iraq– Turkey borders.
Meanwhile, Turkey allowed to alliance fighters to use the Turkish military air bases against Iraq in order to get military, economical and financial gains… despite the internal rejection that lead to retirement of many Turkish official personalities like the army head chief, minister of defence and minister of foreign affairs. So, the Turkish attitude characterized by many deeds and announcements that are not related to the traditional and political bases.
Turkey as well, characterized by its hostile attitude against Iraq in addition to weaken the regional role of Iraq for the sake of Turkey that lost its strategical importance especially after the vanishing of the Soviet danger and appearance of the system of the solo pole which was representative by USA.

That began play dug the incubation stage, after the era of the eightiesrin of the last century was the founders of interactive to allow for the success of small and medium enterprises in the performance of the complementary role with the finan-T large-scale industrial, and to reflect a necessary alternative to the method of concentration and scale during the present century as a partner and sub-industry large, and such an approach commensurate with the reality of the Iraqi Alaqsad A failure in a large number of facilities, and refrain from entering new investments to the industry and the trend towards service areas and the structural imbalance in the economy with increased unemployment , and lack of attention to the development of methods of production, import and leave the door open to satisfy the needs of population and damage to economic resources and try to make some changes imperfect Pftak the areas of credit, or deliberate non-directed by state institutions Alaqsadip causing fresh damage in Alavtsad Therefore, the introduction of Asub industrial parks as institutions supportive of the production style of small, medium and a key part Ickamlh and contribute to the development of the production and gives chance of negotiating between inventions and ideas Riyadiporws money and contribute to the mobilization of savings for the development and launch of the national economy for the purpose of rehabilitation of existing institutions and public sector projects through activating the role of incubators and the establishment of centers needed for that (scientific research centers, and institutions of a scientific universities, and research and development centers in incubators). after subsided during the whole stage and restore the confidence of citizens and reassure the local industry to invest his money and his savings and the application of ideas and confidence in the success .

The Far East in general, Japan and China in particular are among the most important countries that played a prominent role in the international arena, At the end of the 19th century, Japan became a militarily expanding country, subjected to military administration at various levels and launched expansionist wars at the expense of China. Japan's presence and growing role in international policy-making have led to competition and conflict between Japan and China in the region, leading to a war between them resulting in international intervention, especially Britain where its economic interests in China, as well as Japan's military expansion in Manchuria and other provinces in China And control. The emergence of Japan's expansionism was the result of a combination of internal and external causes, including the difficult economic conditions that prevailed in Japan, leading to the emergence of military institutions and the disintegration of civil political institutions.

The stone crushing industry is one of the most prominent construction manufacturing industries in recent years due to the technical characteristics of this material and its various uses in the construction industry and its use as raw material in various major construction industries such as cement block, concrete columns and construction slabs used as bridges in roads, bridges and barriers As well as its use in the manufacture of concrete used in surfaces, floors, roadways, etc., and these uses have increased in recent years due to the difference between the use of gravel in its form As the laboratory tests proved that the construction of the fractured use increases the process of homogeneity and cohesion with other components such as sand and cement, which increases the building construction more durable.

The study deals with the effect of hydro-climatic impact on the lake of Darbandikhan in Suleimani Governorate by using remote sensing techniques , And it was achieved through three axes , The first axis analysis of the appearance of the land of the lake, The second axis focused on the analysis of the hydro-climatic of the lake area. The third axis included monitoring the changes that took place in the lake using satellite images for the years 1990 and 2000. The study showed the effect of hydrological factors through the in and out of the lake from the Iraqi and Iranian lands on the one hand and the impact of climatic factors on the fluctuation of precipitation systems on the other hand. These operations were carried out using the DEM and Landsat8 color image and using a number of programs such as Erdas, GLOBEL MAPPER, ENVI and GIS.

Cairo became a new center for the Abbasid caliphate and replaced Baghdad since the Caliphate moved to it at the hands of the Turkish Mamluks (659 AH / 1260 AD), after its fall in Baghdad at the hands of the Mongols (656 AH / 1258 CE). The Abbasid caliphate in Egypt remained formative Its influence on religious matters only, without having political authority. Since the establishment of their state in Egypt, the Mamluks sought to legitimize their rule, since there is no legitimacy to rule among Muslims except with the mandate of the caliph.
If the cruelty of the rulers of the Mamluks in Egypt and their tyranny of the caliphs and isolating them from the people in the era of their first state made the caliphs not dare the political ambition, they found a suitable opportunity for them to aspire to such a goal amid the internal strife and strife that characterized the Second Mamluk State. Has achieved a political role in the country, and expressed this through their position and participation in those conflicts, and this research focused on the position of some caliphs and their role in those events.

The aims of this research at:
- Preparation of an educational program to schedule the practice distributed at different intervals and using an auxiliary device to develop the technical performance of the handling skills of footballers.
- Identifying the effect of scheduling the distributed practice at different rest periods using an auxiliary device to develop the technical performance of the handling skills of junior football players through the pretests and posttests and for the three experimental research groups.
- Identifying the differences between the three experimental groups with regard to the effect of scheduling the practice distributed at different rest periods using an auxiliary device in developing the technical performance of the handling skills of junior football players.
The two researchers assumed that:
- There are statistically significant differences for the effect of the scheduling of the practice distributed at different rest periods using an auxiliary system to develop the technical performance of the handling skills of junior football players through the pretests and posttests and for the three experimental research groups and In favor of the posttests.
- There are statistically significant differences between the results of the tests of the three experimental groups in developing the technical performance of the handling skills of the junior football players.
The researchers used the experimental approach because it suits the nature of the research. The research community consists of the junior soccer players in Al-Malawiya School for football in Samarra, aged (14-16) years. The total number of players was (30). The sample of the research was (21) players were randomly distributed in three experimental groups (7) players for each group after excluding the questionnaire sample consisting of (7) players and also (2) goalkeepers. The experimental design, which is called "random equalizer design with the pretests and posttests”. The homogeneity of the sample was checked in the context of the variables (Age- Height- Mass) as well as checking the equivalence between the research groups in the variables of some elements of physical fitness and mobility as well as in the technical performance of the skill of handling football. The researchers also used (questionnaire - tests and measurement - scientific observation - interviews) as a means of collecting information.
The Tutorial included (12) educational units distributed over (4) educational units for each experimental group, and the implementation of the program took two weeks (6) units per week (2 units per group). The implementation of the main experiment started on 30/02/2018 and finished in 17/02/2018.
The researchers used the following statistical methods: Percentage -Arithmetic mean - Standard deviation - Coefficient of torsion - Simple correlation coefficient - (T) test of the associated samples - Anova analysis - The least significant difference test (Lsd).
The researchers concluded that:
- The scheduling of the practice distributed at different rest periods and the use of an auxiliary device have a positive effect in the development of the technical performance of the handling skills of junior football players.
- The third experimental group that used the scheduling of the distributed practice with the relatively longer respites, which exceeds the practice time by (20s) and by using the auxiliary device, surpassed the two groups (first and second) in terms of the posttests in developing the technical performance of the handling skills of the junior football players.
The researchers suggested the following:
- The use of the scheduling of the practice distributed with appropriate rest periods and the use of auxiliary devices because of their positive impact in the development of the technical performance of the skill handling of junior football players.
- The application of the scheduling of the practice distributed at various rest periods and the use of auxiliary devices on the skills of mobility and on other age groups to see the impact of the development of the technical performance of the motor skills football game.

Teaching takes considerable time from faculty members. It has great impact on students’ personality and abilities development. Furthermore, they get most of their knowledge and specialized professional skills from classroom teaching. Since students are the most affected party by the quality of teaching, and the positive interaction between them and their lecturers through effective teaching has a great effect on students academic achievement level. The aim of this study was to construct a scale for evaluating teaching effectiveness of university lecturer from students’ perspective. Scale items were collected from various sources such as theoretical frameworks, previous scales as well as suggestions offered by specialists in education and teaching. These items covered different aspects of teaching. The scale in its initial form was given to a number of specialists in education and teaching. After modifying the scale, based on their suggestions, it was administered to a sample of university students (no. 39) to guarantee instructions and items clarity. The reliability was found using Cronbach Alpha method and (test –re test ). Final form of the scale consisted of 39 items covering three aspects, namely, general appearance, scientific richness, and methods of teaching. The measure can be applied individually to each teaching member. It can also be used to measure the instructional effectiveness of a group of faculty members both at the level of the scientific department and at the college level through the use of appropriate alternatives for each type of application. There were five answering options in front of each item. The scale was found to have a good reliability. At the end, researchers offered many relevant suggestions and recommendations.

The study aimed to identify the differences in the sensory preferences among students of Physical education and sports sciences and some of colleges at Samarra University. The researcher used the descriptive method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research community consists of students of the third stage of faculties of (Physical education and sports sciences-Applied sciences –Archaeology-Engineering) For the academic year 2016-2017 of 125 male students only. The sample was randomly sampled (80) students and (20) students from each college as the percentage of the sample 60% of the total research community, The researcher relied on the sensory preferences scale prepared by (Asmar and Tarek, 2013),The researcher used the statistical means (the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the simple correlation coefficient, the variance analysis, the least difference coefficient LSD) , The researcher concluded that there is no difference in the focus of audio and visual preference among the colleges under consideration at the University of Samarra, While concluding that students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences prefer the tactile method more than the other colleges under consideration.