Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Alpha_fetoprotein is measured in pregnant women, as a screening test for pre-eclampsia.This study aimed to examine the maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein at 12, 22 and 32 weeks ’gestation in singleton pregnancies and its performance as a screening test for Pre eclampsia. The study designed as prospective (Cohort) study, it was conducted in Obstetrics department in Salah AL Din Teaching Hospital, from the period of the 15th of December 2016 to the 1st of July 2017. Ninety six pregnant women at first trimester participated in the study, followed up prospectively sixty three of them was attended a second test in second trimester and seventy five of them was attended a third test in a third trimester. The mean age of the studied group was 27.1 ± 5.8 (range: 17-30) years .It had been observed that the mean level of Alphafetoprotein was increased and the mean Multi of Median( MoM) was significantly reduced with advanced gestational age., there are highly significant differences at the different check-points in both mean and MoM, of the maternal alpha-fetoprotein. The mean alpha-fetoprotein level was higher in pre-eclampsia group compared to non-preeclampsia in all of the three testing points. The Comparison of mean alpha-fetoprotein levels of pre-eclampsia vs. non-preeclampsia women revealed that the mean, alpha-fetoprotein level was higher in pre-eclampsia group compared to non-preeclampsia in all of the three testing points, alpha-fetoprotein level at the second test was the better than the first and third test.

The aim of the study was to demonstrate late changes occurs after Sciatic nerve section [nerve fibers and their associated neurons]. Five adult rabbits were used in this study. Sciatic nerve was sectioned under general anesthesia. After ninety days, all animals were sacrificed and samples were taken from ventral horn of spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion at L₇ segment level and from sciatic nerve for electron microscope evaluation. The results revealed different changes include: separation of the myelin sheath lamellae within ventral horn, the Nissl bodies were scattered within sensory neuron thoughout the cytoplasm specially at the periphery, the cytoplasm contain numerous closed vesicles of different size associated with endoplasmic tubules and the myelin sheath usually forming a loop, axons seemed relatively smaller than normal. All of which are common features of axonal atrophy

The study carried out to investigate the effect of orally feeding from each Nigella sativa aqueous and alcoholic extracts at 50 and 100 mg/kg concentration of animal body weight liver and kidney functions parameters in male rats for 21 days. Randomly divided in to (5) groups, each group included (5) animals..The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in Urea, ALP, ALT and AST. led to a significant increase (p<0.05) in total protein, albumin, globulin with the increased concentration of extract, when compared with values in control group. The study concluded that, the aquatic and alcoholic extracts Nigella sativa seeds did not give any effects toxicity on liver and kidney functions in male rats.

The study was included to collect one hundred blood samples of peoples suspected with Bacteremia at different ages and both sex Kirkuk General Hospital and Azadi Hospital. The results indurated to found positive bacterial growth at 16 blood samples, while 86 samples found negative bacterial growth. The 11 isolates was appear as gram positive bacteria, while Ten of them were as Staphylococcus species, one was Clostridium perfringens, and Five isolates Gram negative bacteria, Burkloderia cepacia, Pseudomonas alcaligenese, Stenotrophonas maltiphilia, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia – coli. all Staphylococcus isolates were appear are sensitive to imipenem, vancomycin, followed by the amoxicillin - clavulanic acid for 8 isolates and Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Amikacin were sensitive to 7 isolates while all Staphylococcus isolates were resistance to cefixime followed by azithromycin, erythromycin. The study showed Stenotrophomonas mltophilia were the most resistant antimicrobial isolates used in the study. The results of the physiological tests showed that the PCV values were lower in most blood samples of patients with bacteremia, whereas increased values for Clotting time, WBC due to toxic effects of invasive bacteria

Urea and creatinine is the most sensitive markers of Kidney Diseases progression in clinical practice, especially when combined with GFR, but these have limitations. Hence, early, more sensitive, biomarkers are required. Recently, promising biomarkers have been identified for CKD progression such as kim-1 has been investigated as a novel biomarkers of kidney diseases progression. This study aimed to evaluate urinary Kidney Injury Molecule-1(KIM-1) in kidney stone patients.75 patients diagnosed with renal stone diseases and all patients were screened and followed up in the out-patients clinics in Salah Adin general hospital. controls were represented by 15 healthy volunteers. KIM-1, levels shows no significant changes within patients groups while shows that the KIM-1 levels were significantly increased in stone patients when compared with the healthy controls (P˂0.05). Total protein and S. Albumin levels significantly decreased in patients group compared to the controls levels while there was no significant changes within patients group. The current results suggest that KIM-1 can consider as promising biomarker for diagnosis, clinical progression and investigations for kidney stone diseases.”

This study designed to investigate the role of both Ethanolic extracts of hawthorn leaves and fruits in reducing cardiovascular risk factors in male with experimental lipid disorders. 50 male rabbits of New Zealand, 1250-1500g and 8-10 months old used in this study. Rabbits divided into 10 groups (each group 5 male rabbits). The (I) group as a control group, which given the free standard diet and water. The (II) group given high cholesterol (260 mg/Kg) of the weight as a standard diet, the (III) group, which given high cholesterol diet with extracts of C.azarolus (200 mg/kg) of body weight, the (IV) group which given high cholesterol diet with hawthorn fruit extract (20 mg/kg) Of the body weight, the the (V) group, which was given high cholesterol diet of body weight, the (VI) group, which given high cholesterol diet with vitamin C (100 mg / kg) of body weight, group (VII), which is the drug of simvastatin, group (VIII), which given vitamin C, the(IX) group given Hawthorn leaf extract, the (X) group, which given extracts fruit of hawthorn plant. The experiment conducted for six weeks. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the lipid profile variables (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and HDL) in the serum and liver extract in the high cholesterol group compared with the control group. Fruits play a more effective role in the prevention of hyperlipidemia compared with vitamin C and the drug of simvastatin and leaf extract. The study also showed a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in the effectiveness of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) in the group treated with the drug Simvastatin compared with the control group, while there were no significant differences in the group which given high cholesterol , vitamin C group , extracts of leaves and fruits of the plant group. The conclusion, have found that ethanolic extracts of C. azarolus Low levels of lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the serum of animals experiment with the use of the drug Simvastatin and the fruits of hawthorn plant the largest role compared with vitamin C and extract leaf hawthorn. On the other hand, the non-change in the concentration of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase in the serum and liver extract indicates that the role of the extract in the normalization of lipid variables is centered on other mechanisms related to the digestive system, such as absorption

Cryptosporidium has considered as a prominent enteropathogen of humans and animals. Until recently, there is no totally effective therapy other than a healthy intact immune system. Probiotics reported to stimulate both innate and acquired immunity at mucosal and systemic levels. It has been suggested that probiotics inhibit infection by excretion of substances harmful to one of the parasite’s developmental stages and possibly offer new therapeutic factors for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis .The aim of the present study was to detect the prophylactic effect of lactic acid prepared by Lactobacilli acidophillus against the infection with Cryptosporidium in an rabbits model, by estimating hematological and immunological criteria. The results showed that the using of probiotics induced significant reduction in parasite burden, lymphocyte numbers were increased significantly in infected and treated animals. There is a significant increase in the level of IgG ,IgM , C3 and C4 in infected animals.

This study aims to compose an effective ester Prodrug as well as reducing or removing the side effects of it and to Study of Naproxen release from the Prodrug. This is represented by the following steps:
Preparing of Naproxen acid chloride from Naproxen by reacting it with Thionyl Chloride then Preparing of ester group from the reaction of hydroxyl group of paracetamol and the acid chloride of Naproxen.
The structural formulas of the prepared compounds were characterized using spectral methods (FTIR,H-NMR and C13-NMR) then the studying of the release for the drug was conducted in acidic and basic medium pH (4, 10). The study showed that the speed of release in the basic medium was faster than that in the acidic medium. So most of the release process will take place in the intestine and not in the stomach

Two new Schiff base acids, namely benzylidene glycine(I) and salicylidene ß- alanine(II) were prepared by new procedure using sodium hydroxide as catalyst.
The main aim of the project was the determination of pKa values for these acidic imines using conductivity method, the method as found simple, precise and accurate for determination of pKa of compounds, All conductivities parameters of benzylidene glycine and salicylidene ß-alanine and their sodium salts in deionized water were mentioned . The variation of acidities of acids(I) and(II) were also included. The thermodynamic reactions parameters namely ∆G°, ∆H and ∆S° for these ionization reactions of acids were discussed and interpreted .

This study included an estimation for the levels of some biochemical parameters in the serum of those pancreatic cancer patients, by collecting (40) blood samples from patients their ages ranged (30-70) years compared with (55) blood samples of healthy persons as control group. The parameters included Super oxide dismutase, Amylase, Ribonuclease (acidic and alkaline), Arylesterase, Alkaline phosphatease, Carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, Total lipid and Bilirubin Results of the Statistical analysis indicated a significant decrease in the activity of Amylase and Super oxide dismutase patients in comparison with the control group. There was a significant increase in the activity of Ribonuclease (acidic and alkaline), Arylesterase, Alkaline phosphatease, Carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, Total lipid and Bilirubin in patients in comparison with the control group.

This work included the synthesis of azo dye (A1) by the reaction of diazonium salt to benzidine with salicyldehyde at (0-5) oC and synthesis of schiff base (A2-A6) through reaction substituted aromatic amine with aldehyde group in azo compound (A1) in ethanol compounds (A2-A6) and 2,3-dihydroquinozoline derivatives prepared by reaction schiff base with anthranilic acid in ethanol compounds (A7-A11), and characterization by using spectroscopic techniques Uv/Vis, FT-IR, C.H.N. and H1-NMR of some the prepared compounds using DMSO-d6 as a solvent, in addition to melting point and determination a purity of TLC, This work consisted a study of biological activity for some prepared compounds against four types of pathogenic bacteria to detect their resistance to anti biotic, drugs.

A rapid, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of sulphadiazine in aqueous solution. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) in a basic medium in the presence of potassium periodate to produce an intense orange colour product, soluble in water, stable and absorbs at 486 nm. The linearity of Beer's law is in the range 3-15μg/ml of sulphadiazine. The molar absorptivity, Sandellʼs sensitivity index, and detection limit were 2.23x104liter.mol-1. cm-1, 0.0222 μg.cm-2 and 0.0307μg/ml respectively. The RSD value was 0.506 – 0.116 % depending on the concentration value. This method is applied successfully to the determination of sulphadiazine veterinary injection liquid solution (VAPCOTRIM) with average recovery of not less than 99.5%.

An estimation of groundwater recharge for the unconfined aquifer in Kirkuk - Iraq sub-basin, has been conducted using chloride mass balance method by measuring the monthly chloride concentration in monthly basis for rainy (wet) season 2015-2016 , samples have been selected from 44 water wells scattered in the region of interest ,the results shown that the groundwater recharge is about 15.6% from the total annual precipitation (304.3 mm) where the total recharge reached ~ 47.5 mm, moreover an additional source of fresh water is feeding the region of interest represented by Kirkuk irrigation channel ,the discharge is nearly 7 m3/sec for 360 days ( 218 MCM/Year). the total amout of recharge to Kirkuk sub-basin is equal to 411 MCM/Year. The discharges of Al-Khassa river which crossed the central parts of ROI, were neglected because the river became controlled by Al-Khassa dam which was recently constructed at the northern border of the ROI which represented by Kirkuk structure. The present study is recommended to use this source of renewal water through strategic plan where additional comprehnsive hydrologic studies and aquifer modeling are needed to prevent the groundwater depleting in the region.

The study of superconducting vortices have been describes by a series of magnetometry experiments conducted on unconventional superconductors which is Sr2RuO4, using Scanning Hall probe microscopy technique (SHPM) (Tc ≈ 1.5 K). In this study have numerous samples as well propose that the vortex behaviour is modified with little amounts of disorder. Experimentally the better chips show a clear field driven triangular to square vortex lattice transition at low fields, as predicted by extended London theory calculations. In stark disparity, somewhat less well-ordered chips exhibit pronounced vortex chaining banding that which tentatively attribute to an extrinsic source of disorder.

Gama Stirling engine was designed and manufactured using low cost materials, which operates on Stirling cycle. Air was used as a working fluid, the engine can be heated by any fuel. This Study showed the properties of the engine, the efficiency dependent on temperature and pressure , the maximum rpm of engine is 900 . These engines can be used to generate power in rural areas that have not completed the required energy that is powered by conventional fuels.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the notions of some types of continuous functions via (r0, s1)-fuzzy αm-closed sets in double fuzzy topological space. Also, we reached some relationships among these new types of functions and compare them with their opposite with illustrative examples in the same space

In this paper we study the relationship between tensor algebraic curvature tensor, and General conharmonic curvature tensor of Nearly Kahler manifold, i. e. it has a classical symmetry properties of the Riemann carvatur tensor. Relpenishing generalized Riemannian structur of certain classes of almost Hermitian manifold allows an additional symmetry properties of this tensor.

Nonlinear partial differential equations represent the most important phenomena occurring in the world and are encountered in various fields of science. Generalized Burger’s-Fisher equation is very important for describing different mechanisms. Burger’s-Fisher equation arises in the field of applied mathematics and physics applications. This equation shows a prototypical model for describing the interaction between the reaction mechanisms, convection effect, and diffusion transport. In this paper, variational iteration transform method that combines Laplace transform and the variational iteration method, which used to obtain approximate analytical solutions of Burger’s - Fisher equation. Comparison of the results obtained by the present method with the exact solution and other existing methods reveals the accuracy and fast convergence of the proposed method.

In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of fixed point of cyclic map α-admissible on partial b – metric space

In this study the inverse of two patterned matrices has been investigated. First, for a Toeplitz-type matrix, it is proved that the exact number of independent cofactors is (n +2)/4 when n is even number and 〖(n+1)〗^2/4 when n is an odd. Second, when the matrix is reduced to a Jacobi-type matrix Bn , two equivalent formulae for its determinant are obtained, one of which in terms of the eigen values. Moreover, it is proved that the independent cofactors B_ij of B_n are explicitly expressed as a product of the determinants of B_(i-1) and B_(n-j). So, the problem of finding the exact inverse of B_n is reduced to that one of finding the determinants of B_i, i = 1, 2, …, n.