Journal of Misan Researches

The study examines the background of the conflict between the Umayyads on the one hand and the philosophy of the Husseini revolution on the other, as a result of the difference between them, in belief, morals, religion and principle. their application

The Catholic and Protestant missions, through their competition in the issuance of newspapers and magazines, contributed to opening the horizons for the spread of newspapers in Lebanon, as well as the emergence of a group of thinkers, writers and poets and their criticism of the prevailing conditions in the country. The press side individually, without relying on the Ottoman government or its administrators in Mount Lebanon

يتمتع الامام الصادق عليه السلام بإمكانية فائقة على إدارة الخطاب ونوعه كونه يمتلك امكانيته وقدراته على اقناع الأخرين الموالف والمخالف في اسلوبة الدعوي مقبول من الجميع فلذا تجده ذو فكر متجدد وحي وعلى الأصعدة كافة .
لقد حضي علم الكلام في مدرسة الامام الصادق عليه السلام الفكرية باهتمام بالغ وتمكنت هذه المدرسة من التقرب الى بقية الأديان والمذاهب الإسلامية .
واوجدت اليه الخطاب الإسلامي وتغير الصورة المشوهه عن الإسلام والمسلمين كما نجحت في التعايش مع بقية الأديان والمذاهب والملل الأخرى بالحجة والحوار الهادف

The dialectic of life and death is one of the most important topics that preoccupied the poet Uday bin Zaid, and the research came to stand at the representations of life in the ghazal introductions, and to explain the reasons that led the poet to cling to life with his belief in the inevitability of death, and this came through the analysis of the yarn included in the introductions and the statement of the poet's intention in this yarn and how the woman became a symbol of the life that the poet tried to cling to

يشتغل البحث على توضيح اثر اصول العملية في تحديد منهج الاستنباط ,وفائدته في تحليل ما لانص فيه في الفقه الامامي ,وقد اقتضت طبيعة البحث بيان مفهوم الاصل العملي ,ثم دراسة الاصول العملية المعتمدة في علم الاصول هي أربعة:البراءة ,والاحتياط ,والاستصحاب,والتخيير,ثم تسجيل تفرعاتها,وفيما يتعلق بها,مع تعضيد ذلك بما ورد من الروايات

يسلط هذا البحث على المرتكزات المعرفيّة والمنحى الاستدلالي للتوجيه لدى العلماء، وهم يتعاطون مع المفردات والتراكيب في سورة الفاتحة، فهو يبلّغ الرسالة الحجاجيّة في الخطاب التفسيري، ويضفي مسحة الإقناع في الادّعاء، فتكون الممارسة المنهجيّة قويمة والإجراءات المنطقيّة سليمة، ومن ثمّ لا مجال لنعت مجال الاشتغال، في الحقل التفسيري، بالوهن الناتج من غياب المبادئ التصديقيّة

تتلخص فكرة هذا البحث الذي يعد دراسة تاريخية في بيان الحركات التكفيرية، وجذورها وافكارها، والذي تجسدت فيه اللمسات الفقهية والعقائدية، والتاريخية ، والذي يحتوي في طيّاته العديد من المسائل المهمة، حيث تطرّقنا إلى نشأة الحركات التكفيريّة وانتشارها في العالم الإسلامي، وخصائص المنهجيّة التكفيرية، والأدلة التي استندت إليها هذه الحركات، وعلاقتها مع الفرقة الوهّابيّة، ودور السلفية والوهابية في نشأتها, وعلاقة الحركات التكفيرية مع التيارات السياسية، والاستعمارية، والدعم المادي لها، في سبيل استغلالها لخدمة المعسكر الكافر، ودور علماء المسلمين، والحوزات العلمية والهيئات الإسلامية في التصدي للحركات التكفيري، والفكر المنحرف وإدانته ونبذه.
ومعالجة ما يقع منها من تطرف وإرهاب عن طريق المحاضرات والبيانات والندوات وتحذير المسلمين من سبل أهل الضلال والزيغ والانحراف والتكفير والغلو

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على اشرف بريته وخاتم رسله المصطفى الامين ابي القاسم محمد وآله الاطهار الميامين وبعد :
تعد وحدة الرجل مع المرأة في صورة الزواج، هي الأساس الطبيعي لضمان بقاء النوع البشري، فالغريزة الجنسية لم تخلق لتكون غاية في ذاتها وإنما هي وسيلة لهدف اسمى إلا وهو استمرار حياة الإنسان، وبقاء سلالته المتعاقبة بما يتفق وكرامته المنصوص عليها في قول الله تعالى{ و لَقَدْ كَرَّمْنَا بَنِي آَدَمَ وَحََمَلْنَاهُمْ فِي الْبََّرِ وَالْبَحْرِ وَرَزَقْنَاهُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَفَضَّلْنَاهُمْ على كثير ممن خَلَقْنَا تَفْضِيلا}
والشريعة الإسلامية لا يمكن أن تفسر أوامرها ونواهيها بأنها محاولات لقمع الطبيعة، وإنما أتت لترسم الطريقة المثلَ للعلاقات الزوجية كي لا تحتوى الغريزة الجنسية إلى غير ما خلقت له.
والمرأة إن كانت نصف المجتمع من حيث الكم، فإنها ثلاث أضعاف نصفه الأخر من حيث الكيف، كما ثبت ذلك عن أبي عبد الله الصادق )عليه السلام( حيث قال: جاء رجل إلى النبي صلَ الله عليه واله فقال: يا رسول الله من أبر؟ قال: أمك، قال: ثم من؟ قال: أمك، قال: ثم من؟ قال: أمك، قال: ثم من؟ قال: أباك
وانطلاقا من هذه المكانة التي يجب أن تتمتع بها الزوجة كأم في المجتمع، وبناء علَ تلك الغاية السامية المتوخاة من بناء الكيان الأسري، أخذت الشرائع السماوية وضع أسس متينة لهذا البناء بغية دوامها ورغبة في استمرارها بطريقة سليمة، وفرض قيود علَ إرادة الزوجين حذرا من اتخاذ أية خطوة نحو هدم هذا الكيان بعد بنائه

Qur’anic sciences are a group of knowledge and arts that were formed on the basis of the Noble Qur’an and the issues related to it, with the purpose of knowing the Qur’an and getting to know it better and more deeply. Many sciences of the Noble Qur’an and its knowledge appeared in the early days of the revelation of the Noble Qur’an, during the life of the Holy Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and continued and expanded day by day, and according to historical narrations and reports, the Prophet (PBUH) and his family (PBUH) were aware of the Qur’anic knowledge and the sciences associated with him. Such as the abrogating and abrogating, the arbitrator and the similar, the Meccan and Medinan, the reasons for revelation, interpretation, recitation and so on.
Their word is the word of the Qur’an, and the Imams (PBUH) narrators of the Qur’an. Each of the Imams (PBUH), according to their temporal circumstances, interpreted and explained a lot of a specific part of the verses of the Qur’an. And since the Imams (PBUH) are the most knowledgeable people of these sciences after the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, this article seeks to address the narratives of Imam Musa al-Kadhim (PBUH) in the field of these sciences. Given the circumstances of the time of Imam Musa al-Kadhim (PBUH) and the expansion of the various jurisprudential and theological schools, a small portion of his narrations include topics of the sciences of the Qur’an. These narrations are scattered in hadith books and interpretations of narrations, and this article has attempted to mention all his narrations in the field of the sciences of the Qur’an

In this research, we try to shed light on the most important Baghdadi personalities who settled in the cities, and this study aims to highlight the extent of the contribution of these scholars to the cities and regions in which they settled in terms of scientific, administrative and religious terms, some of them stayed for a period, and some of them remained there until his death, Among them are those who competed with scholars in those regions and proved their worth in that, and they attained a prominent position among the rulers, and we find Ibn Hajar in his book "The pearls lurking in the notables of the Eight Hundred", giving his opinion with these figures, in order to make it clear to the reader that his writings were not limited to the descriptive aspect but rather included Whether it is positive or negative, the research has been divided into several axes, the first is an overview of Ibn Hajar’s scientific biography, the second is critical expressions, while the third deals with the scientific and intellectual aspect, and we discussed the fourth in the judicial and administrative aspect, and finally we dealt with the religious aspect

The current study aims to know the professional belonging of English language teachers in Missan Governorate, Where the research was limited to English language teachers at the primary stage, it is a stage in which a lot of changes occur. English language teachers participated in this research to know their opinion about professional belonging for the academic year (2021-2022), the researchers used the descriptive approach as a method for the current study, and the research community consisted of all English language teachers in Missan Governorate, who numbered (1320) male and female teachers. The sample was divided into (151) males and (151) females on the basis that the method in which the sample was chosen was random and at a rate of (23%) of the study population.
The researchers prepared an exploratory questionnaire that included (15) items about professional belonging, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Then the researchers prepared a closed questionnaire consisting of (15) items to measure professional belonging. Its apparent validity was confirmed after it was presented to a group of experts specialized in general and different teaching methods, for the purpose of analyzing the research data the percentage weights and the arithmetic means for the paragraphs of the questionnaire were extracted, the research reached several conclusions, including the presence of (12) paragraphs out of (15) paragraphs that represented a high rating, and (1) a paragraph represented a medium grade, and (2) a paragraph with a low grade, the results also showed that the gender variable does not affect the level of professional affiliation of English language teachers in Maysan Governorate. In light of this, the researchers made a number of recommendations related to the research results including: Providing educational clarification aids special teaching laboratories for the English language, and display devices in the classroom because of their importance in saving effort and time for the teacher and delivering information to students. The study suggested a set of suggestions, including: conducting a similar research to the current research to find out the professional affiliation of English language teachers in other governorates or at the level of Iraq

The problem of the current research is summed up in answering the following questions:
- -What is the level of cognitive competencies and skills necessary for teachers of children with autism disorder and the degree to which they possess them.
-Do the cognitive competencies and skills needed for teachers of children with autism disorder, and the degree to which they possess them, differ according to the specialization?.
The research aimed to:
1-Identifying the level of cognitive competencies and skills necessary for teachers of children with autism disorder and the degree to which they possess them.
2-Identifying the differences in the cognitive competencies and skills necessary for teachers of children with autism disorder and the degree to which they possess them according to specialization.
The current research identifies a sample of teachers who study in the autism institutes of the al-Abbas's (p) threshold for the academic year 2021-2022.
In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the scale (Mahidat and others, 2014) was adopted, which consisted of (40) items, and after conducting the validity and reliability of the tool, it was applied to a sample of teachers who study in the institutes for autistic children affiliated with the al-Abbas's (p) threshold in Basra Governorate and after analyzing the responses of the sample members Using the statistical bag for social sciences, the most prominent results were:
- The sample members in general possess sufficient capacity to provide training to parents, new teachers, and other school staff to improve the services provided to children with autism. As well as their ability to design the educational environment by making adjustments to identify the visual, auditory, and other sensory needs of students with autism. As well as using interactive strategies to support students with autism. Positive behavior among autistic students. Familiarity with the potential effects of mental and sensory health factors, nutrition, and medications on the behavior of autistic individuals. Familiarity with the strengths and weaknesses of procedures and tools used in detection and evaluation for the purpose of determining the eligibility of autistic children to receive educational and support services. And the use of educational programs aimed at identifying the transitional needs of individuals in employment and training, home living, recreational activities, education and living in the community in the after school stage.
-As for the importance of the competencies, it was found that the members of the total sample identified the most important cognitive and skill competencies necessary for their work as teachers with children with autism disorder. Individualization of autistic students based on the results of their evaluation and diagnosis. Cooperating with workers to make environmental adjustments for autistic students enrolled in regular classes and in other normal situations such as home, day institutions, and familiarity with professional resources such as publications and magazines; Specialized organizations and websites for autism. Familiarity with interactive strategies for teaching socially compatible behaviors for autistic children, limiting anti-social behaviors, reducing the use of exclusion strategies and addressing the crisis .
- With regard to the results of the second goal related to the importance of competence from the point of view of teachers from the psychology specialization and from the point of view of teachers from other disciplines, and with regard to the degree of possessing cognitive competencies, teachers from the psychology major have outperformed teachers from other disciplines in determining the importance of having competence

Sufism used pet birds in their poetic output to express their spiritual experiences, where they took symbols to drop their psychological situations in order to carry through them to their goal because of the lack of positive language in expressing their meanings, where flying birds is a symbol of the mystic's search for the beloved and the desire to rise to it, and they have symbolized in some of them the human spirit wishing to be free from the prison of the body, the soul is like a bird may choose to remain trapped in the physical world or want freedom and to be injected into its Norian world

يستهدف البحث الحالي تعرّف ما يأتي :
- 1التحديد الذاتي لدى المرشدين التربويين .
-2الفروق في التحديد الذاتي لدى المرشدين التربويين على وفق متغيري الجنس ( ذكور، اناث) ومستوى التعليم (ابتدائي ، ثانوي) ومدة الخدمة ( 1- 10 سنة ، 11 – 20 سنة ، 21 فأكثر)
ولتحقيق اهداف البحث اختار الباحثان عينة عشوائية لإجراءات التطبيق النهائي بلغ عدد افرادها (200) مرشد ومرشدة، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية من المرشدين التربويين العاملين في المديرية العامة لتربية محافظة البصرة ومحافظة ميسان ومحافظة ذي قار. وبينت النتائج ان افراد عينة البحث يتصفون بالتحديد الذاتي وهناك فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية في التحديد الذاتي على وفق متغير الجنس ولصالح الذكور، إذ بلغت القيمة الفائية المحسوبة (13.774) وهي أكبر من قيمة النسبة الفائية الجدولية البالغة (3.89) عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) ودرجتي حرية (1 ، 188). كما بينت النتائج وجود فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية في التحديد الذاتي على وفق متغير الخدمة، فقد بلغت قيمة النسبة الفائية المحسوبة (9.778) وهي أكبر من قيمة النسبة الفائية الجدولية البالغة (3.04)عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) ودرجتي حرية (2 ، 188) ولا توجد فروق على وفق مستوى التعليم ، اذ بلغت قيمة النسبة الفائية المحسوبة (0.830) وهي أصغر من قيمة النسبة الفائية الجدولية البالغة (3.89) عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) ودرجتي حرية (1 ، 188). واوصى الباحثان عدة توصيات للجهات ذات الشأن وقدم عدد من المقترحات

The current study aims to build proposed standards .Arabic language book calendar , For middle third grade . ed. The third for ayears.2021
The researchers used the descriptive survey method for the current study. The research community and its family consist of teachers and teachers of the Arabic language. Where the community consisted of (163) people, (112) teachers, and (47) female teachers As for the sample, included (50) people, consisting of (25) teachers and (25) female teachers who were chosen randomly . The researchers prepared the research tool, which is an evaluation questionnaire that included six domains, consisting of (60) criteria, with (10) criteria for each domain, its validity and reliability were confirmed, as the tool's stability reached (0.82). For the purpose of and analyzing the research data, the percentage weights and the weighted means of the resolution criteria were, extracted. The results produced a set of conclusion, including the presence of (27) evaluation criteria in the questionnaire out of (60) criteria representing a strength aspect, which are (6,4,3,7, 2,5) . There are (33) evaluation criteria in the questionnaire out of (60) criteria representing a weakness side, namely (4,6,7,3,8,5) . The study recommended a set of recommendations, including : Preparing committees by the Ministry of Education with the participation of members representing the general directorates of education in Baghdad and the governorates in order to consider their opinions and work accordingly in order to make any amendment to the Arabic language book for the third intermediate grade later. The study suggested a set of suggestion, Conduction a similar evaluation study on the Arabic language book for the second intermediate grade (parts one and two)

Indeed, the Holy Quran was revealed in the language of the Arabs and contained the speech of Arabs. Due to the integration of Arabs and Non-Arabs, Modern Orientalists are of the opinion that not all of the Quran is in the Arabic language, but also includes some foreign words. Some of the Modern Orientalists believe that the Quran has many phrases that are not in the Arabic language at all. The former Arabs used some words from the languages of the people they used to deal with, and these words are in use as there are no equivalents in the Arabic language. Some of these words are modified to be similar to Arabic words (this concept is called Almuaarb) and some words were used as they already were in their original languages (this concept is called Aldakheel – foreign words).
The Modern Orientalists tried to find comparisons between the Arabic language and the Semitic languages, they considered these languages as being capable of explaining some Quranic words/concepts. According to them, many Quranic phrases do not have their origins in the Arabic language but rather languages including Syriac, Hebrew, Farsi and Ethio-Semitic languages

Conclusion: There is no doubt that the law of incubation deserves more attention and studing ,being a primary base in the Iraqi street because all fathers are waiting for the law to change or be adjusted, even the Iraqi judiciary aspired to raise the shortage from article fifty seven which has caused many disputes,especially in some paragraphs that were rejected by all Islamic sects, therefore we present to the legal committee in the legislative branch this amendment which will be pleased by parents, rather it will be a major reason for reunification and the life will be returned to the families again

Karbala event is one of the important historical facts that attracted attention. Researchers have devoted themselves to it, researched , written , investigated , analyzed , studied and presented it since its occurrence and did not consider it a mere event that occurred and ended ,rather it is a great condition for the Muslim and others. Salafism has raised a number of doubts about it, the most important of which is the adoption of the principle of the hereditary system of government, even if the recommended one is debauchee. This article has aimed to investigate two doubts: “the doubts of the validity of allegiance to Yazid in Sharia law” and “the doubt of fighting Imam Hussein( peace be upon him).” This study has been carried out by a historical-comparative method in two sections and the results showed the invalidity of allegiance to Yazid and his emirate, the invalidity of the inheritance system invented by Muawiyah and the debauchee of Yazid and proved that Imam al-Husain (peace be upon him) did not begin fight people

The research started from the idea of the manifestation of the concept of external existence in different grammatical chapters to reveal the depiction of the relationship between the concept of existence and the modularity of grammatical thinking

The research aims to identify the effectiveness of the listening teams strategy in modifying erroneous scientific concepts among students of the second intermediate grade in science, as the research sample included two groups, one of them was the experimental group and the number of its students was (32) students, and the other was the control group, and the number of students was (32) students , The researchers randomly selected a sample of second-grade middle school students in Al Rabeeh Al-Ben Intermediate School, which is one of the schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Qalaat Sukar District in Dhi Qar Governorate, from the research community. The researchers adopted the experimental research method as a method to conduct their research, which includes an independent variable strategy The listening teams and the dependent variable (modifying erroneous scientific concepts), the researchers chose the experimental design to control the research variables. , Previous achievement, Raven intelligence test, Concepts Diagnostic Test). When making parity between the two research groups, the researchers prepared the research requirements of plans, objectives and tests for the two research groups, and upon completion of the application of the experiment, the researchers applied their research tool to the two research groups, and after analyzing the results statistically, the researchers obtained data for the two research groups, and these data were processed statistically by A t-test for two independent samples, and the results showed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group according to the listening teams strategy in modifying erroneous scientific concepts

The study adopted the two themes of exile and the obsession of return in Samih al-Qasim’s poetry because they both represent a large segment of the exiles in all parts of the world, and when they suffer the marginalization and neglect of the internally Palestinian, despite what they enjoy from a margin of freedom represented in their distance from the occupation forces and its repressive machinery on the the level of murder or silencing of mouths, plotting for themselves a path of struggle befitting the just Palestinian issue, in raising the word of resistance and struggle, using literature and the media as a platform to convey their concerns and aspirations, that struggle act that motivated poets to delve into the poetry of resistance under what is called poetry of exile and poetry of return
Its various themes, which have had an effective impact on the struggle movement resisting the forces of the outside, were represented in the themes of exile, such as the authority of (belonging, place, waiting.nostaligia). In the other hand , there were other topics about the poetry of return no less important than the poetry of exile ,which are(refusal of redemption ,spreading hope and the culture of return to the homeland) , in confirmation of both the poetry of exile and poetry of return, and the impetus they give to the poetry of the resistance that is in support of the issue of the Palestinian people and their right in the land and return,in pursuit of the poets of this particular Palestinian color to open the file of Palestinians abroad and their equality to Palestinians inside in the national spirit and a common destiny, at the very least

The current research aims to: “Building an educational-learning design based on the Google workspace for Education platform for the applicators of the Arabic language departments in the colleges of education in the Kurdistan Region. To dispense with it, the researchers - after reviewing a number of methods of building educational designs - believe that building educational design according to the Google Workspace For Education platform requires the adoption of an organized methodology in design, according to steps and stages that can be measured and evaluated with appropriate evaluation methods, and that there are different opinions In it, some of them see it as three stages, and some of them see it as four stages, but they all agree on four basic stages, which the researchers relied on in his current study, namely: (analysis stage, preparation stage (design and development, implementation stage, evaluation stage), and prepared The researchers presented the student’s teaching platform and guide on how to enter the platform. It was presented to a number of arbitrators and specialists in curricula and teaching methods. They made their observations, and the necessary modifications were made.undefined A 92% agreement was reached on what is currently available, and its purpose is to help students facilitate learning according to the proposed design. Curricula and Teaching Methods (2), to express their opinions and suggestions, and their point of view agreed on the validity of the design, except for some notes, in the light of which these modifications were made, and the design became ready for implementation

The Ministry of Education is one of the most important ministries in Iraq as the ministry responsible for preparing the promising generation that will contribute to the building of the homeland, This study is a small contribution from the researcher that can used even in a small part in the future to serve the educational process, this study aimed to use the logistic regression to show the effect of principal gender on the success rate. The sample was taken from (100) primary schools and eighteen independent variables were taken in addition to the dependent variable. the correlations between variables found between medium to weak and there is an influence to the sex of the school principal on success rates in the primary school, and the most influential variables are (X2) success rate and (X4) years of service and (X7) decision speed and (X8) Familiarity with the methods of modern management and (X10) familiarity with the requirements of the educational process to ensure its success and (X18) cooperation of the school administration with the external environment such as civil society organizations and others

In the Diwan of the poet Marouf Al-Rasafi it is noted the expansion of the space occupied by the traditional vertical poet systems and the greater forgetfulness of it came in the old long weights commonly used in the ignorance, especially the mixed ones, which enabled him to empty his emotional flow consistent with the length of his poetic self and the nature of his serious poetic themes. Of the ancient long meter that appeared at the end of the Amorite era and beyond, the poet’s systems were less in them due to their distance from the nature of the poet’s soul and the lightness of their rhythm and rhythmic speed that make them close to lyricism far from the nature of the poet’s topics and artistic taste. More than shorts, the largest proportion of his poetry was occupied by poems. As for cutting and plucking, the poet has less arrangement in them, and the presence of the appearance of rhythmic duality is noted in his poetic texts and in a manner that is in line with the rules of the aradidis, which created space for the poet to choose his rhymes. As for the nature of the use of skis, he notes his tendency For good single skis and stay away from ugly mixed skis

polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was synthesized by mixed with different amounts of Thallium Chloride (TlCl) to get composite films. The samples were prepared by adding Thallium Chloride (TlCl) to the poly-vinyl alcohol with weight ratio from (TlCl), which is (0,1,5,10,20,25)wt.%. This work is an investigation of the effect of weight ratio of composite and frequency of the applied field on dielectric properties of polyvinylchloride. Results show that the dielectric constant, impedance, and capacitance decreases with increasing frequency. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and then increases at increasing weight concentration. The A.C electrical conductivity increases with the increase of the frequency the relationship of capacitance, dielectric constant, loss factor, and dispersion factor with temperature and with concentration were studied

The current research aims to build proposed criteria for evaluating the Arabic language book for the first intermediate grade from the point of view of teachers, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive research method. The total research sample consisted of (200) male and female teachers.
Initially, the researcher prepared an exploratory questionnaire to find out the proposed criteria for evaluating the Arabic language book for the first intermediate grade from the point of view of the teachers. It was presented to an exploratory sample of (100) male and female teachers, after which the researcher prepared the final questionnaire, which she formulated according to the answers of male and female teachers. Re-application, as the degree of its stability reached (85.0), then the final questionnaire was presented to the original sample consisting of (100) teachers and schools. In the intermediate stage, and in light of the results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions

Unlike ordinary plays with dramatic unity and chronological order, Stoning Mary juxtaposes three stories without any arrangement or explanation. One prescription causes an argument between an AIDS-stricken husband and wife; parents argue about the memories of their son who is no longer with them; a woman visits her young sister in jail. At the end of the play, the connection between these stories and the larger narrative emerges; the couple is the parents of the two sisters; the young sister was imprisoned for vengeance against her brother, a child soldier who murdered her parents. The play’s connected sequences focus on family relationships and the significant issues that often arise in African and developing countries

Teaching English has gone through prominent changes within the last few years. Kelly’s (1969) informative survey of language teaching over twenty-five centuries demonstrated some elemental accounts of foreign language instruction. As other languages began to be taught in educational institutions in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Grammar Translation Method (GTM) was adopted as the major means for teaching foreign languages. The introduction of literature in classrooms is a critical issue. Teachers may have a limited amount of classroom time available. Content-related choices are inevitable since language learning is considered to be the main goal of EFL teaching. Recently, there have been a number of significant developments in the field of language acquisition research that might result in a new use for short stories in language education. The use of short stories as a potential core for language teaching in EFL classrooms has become possible and, in fact, might be beneficial to students’ language development, since it might facilitate students’ linguistic, social, cultural and personal development through tasks. The manner in which short stories caters to these new paradigms in language acquisition studies and how it can be integrated into an effective task-based curriculum, however, are questions that remain somewhat unanswered in the case of EFL research.
The major features of task-based instruction are as follows (Ellis, 2003):
1. Natural or naturalistic use of language,
2. Learners-centered rather than teacher controlled learning,
3. Focus on form (attention to form occurs within the context of performing the task; intervention while retaining naturalness),
4. Tasks serve as the means for achieving natural use of language,
5. Traditional approaches are ineffective.

This study deals with research and investigation of a letter issued by the Council of Ministers of the Sultanate of Oman to Timur bin Faisal, Sultan of Oman, in 1344 AH / 1925 AD. The Record No. A.2.1.9.1, marked with (Wali) governors, referred us to the reign of Taimur bin Faisal (1914-1931 AD). The original copy of this document is preserved in the National Records and Archives Authority.
The study clarified the importance of the letter issued by the Council of Ministers to Taimur bin Faisal as he was away from his government seat in Muscat. It dealt with several aspects related to the affairs of the governors, the relationship of the Sultan’s government with some Omani tribes, and the delegations of some of their sheikhs to visit the Sultan, in addition to intelligence information in foreign affairs concerning the victories of the Saudi state during the era of Ibn Saud in the cities of Medina and Jeddah, and other information about the relationship of a group of tribes to each other. As for the content of the letter, it is documented and reliable because it contains the official seal of the Council of Ministers, and the signatures of Prime minister and the council members