journal of the college of basic education

The importance of the issue lies in the fact that retired Brigadier General Khalil Ibrahim Hussein is an important figure in contemporary Iraq’s history, as he had a distinguished military, political and intellectual role, if he held many positions, the most important of which was his Minister of Industry on July 10, 1968 until July 17, 1968, when he made many achievements and sought Striving to provide all his expertise in order to improve the industrial reality in Iraq.
The role of Brigadier Khalil Ibrahim Hussein in the Ministry of Industry is evident through his experiences in order to develop the industrial reality in Iraq, as if he received his position as Minister of Industry, he did not resort to the management of his ministry in a traditional and routine manner from his office, but he began his career with field visits as he visited many factories The institutions affiliated with the Ministry of Industry to see its workflow and urge it to increase production, and contributed to concluding many industrial agreements with various countries in order to improve the industrial reality of the country that contributed to the exchange of industrial and commercial experiences between Iraq and other countries.

One of the concepts that the Noble Qur’an attached great importance to until it was considered a basic principle on which the legal laws are based is the concept of freedom, as the texts came to reinforce the rights of the children of Adam, regardless of their tongues and colors, in religious intellectual freedom, freedom of expression, freedom of marriage and divorce, freedom of work and travel. Study and other freedoms that fall within the rule (no harm, no harm).
Since the term (freedom) was not mentioned in the Qur’an by its wording, but rather by its concept, we decided to follow the verses that define the Qur’anic concept of freedom and analyze its structural imperative to reach its argumentative function in order to stand on the limits of agreement or disagreement and to draw the frameworks of support or conflict with the concepts of freedom which the man-made laws came with.

This study necessitated examining the most important Iraqi literary figures, namely the personality of Dr. Daoud Salloum. So we shed light on Dr. Daoud Salloum's study of the image of women in literary production, and how poets employed them throughout the ages, so the images of women in the pre-Islamic era and the importance and role of Islam in the life of women, which brought about many changes He freed her from restrictions and provisions and dealt with the creative aspect of women being a critic and poet, so he presented the image of women in modern literature by presenting a group of poets, namely Al-Jawahiri, Al-Sayyab, Nizar Qabbani and the Iraqi saint Atika Al-Khazraji. That liberation falls on the part of the body and clothing.

The totality of developments in the European continent since the eighteenth century led to a tangible change in the conditions of the Jews. The French Revolution made way for the completion of the results of the economic and social development of the Jews. Hence, the timing of the birth of the Zionist movement in the era of the transformation of capitalist regimes to the stage of monopoly and the search for The areas of influence outside the European continent and the complete compatibility between the plans of Zionist imperialism in the regions of the Arab East.
From here, the Zionist movement realized, since its inception, to establish a homeland in Palestine, and this goal can only be achieved with the help of the great powers. France was among the first European countries that the Zionists sought to ally with. Despite the Zionists, at the beginning of achieving their goals, they focused on working with Britain by virtue of the growth of capitalism and its expansion outside its borders. Its need for funds to establish colonies was owned by the Jews simultaneously with the influence of the Zionists on its lands, but this did not prevent the French from launching a campaign against Egypt and the Levant in 1798 in preparation for the return of the Jews to Palestine. France had a major role in establishing a short entity in Palestine.
The aim of the research is to trace the Zionist-French relations from 1948-1973, a period full of political developments and facilities provided by the French to the Zionists. The French colonialism also opened opportunities for the Zionists to go to Africa as experts, technicians, and businessmen. As a result, the Zionists opened honorary consulates in some countries, which later turned into After the independence stage to embassies there.
The importance of the research lies in that it sheds light on a vital topic that researchers did not address properly, and no independent research has emerged on the relationship of the Zionist entity with the great powers that France stands at its head, or on the economic relationship of the Zionists, of which France is one of its main pillars.
Keyword: Great - Palestine - Zionism - French

The present study aimed at identifying the effect of the one-minute paper strategy in the collection of general methods of teaching methods among the students of History in the College of the Basic Education. The researcher used an experimental design with partial and post-test. The study sample consisted of (105) students (53) and (52) students for each group. Group (1) was chosen to represent the experimental group which were studying according to the one-minute strategy and group (2) Represent the control group that is taught in the normal manner. The two groups were rewarded in variables: (scientific background and level of intelligence). In order to achieve the objective of the research, a test was constructed consisting of (50) test paragraphs and verified the validity and stability of the test and its characteristics by appropriate statistical means. Using the t-test to process the data. The results showed that the students in the experimental group studied on the basis of one-minute paper on the students of the control group. In the light of the findings of the researcher developed a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

This paper has shed the light on the early formation of the American-Iraqi relations especially after the end of the 2WW in 1945, and how the role of Great Britain in the Middle East has retreated then and gave way to the USA and USSR to compete on having allies with the oil-rich countries including Iraq. The corner-point of these relations came after 1979, firstly because Iraq started playing an important role in containIng the effects of the Iranian Revolution 1979 in the area, and secondly because of the Iraqi Anti-Israeli policy. The paper shows also how these relations went through ups and downs and fluctuated from important military deals during the Iraqi-Iranian war during the 1980s, to a war in 1991, severe economic sanctions 1991-2003, another military confrontation in 2003, and ending with a strategic treaty and a war on terrorism that ended in 2017.

The indirect directive actions carry great a great influence on the recipient , and since this energy is not achieved by declaring .
These actions have become an important mechanisms in the language that work to clarify the intentions of the speaker and the meanings required to be conveyed to the addressee , and on this basis this research came to uncover the achievement goals conducted by indirect directive acts , especially the interrogation, command , call and prohibition and it was based on a preface and two topics . and the matter , as for the second topic, it dealt with the achievement goals of the appeal and the ban .
I have benefited from multiple sources and references in carrying out this research, including various linguistic and grammatical books.

It was important for the researcher to start and define keys of research and explains its purposes in order to access the search, especially when modern scholars want those are ancient and Modernists called “exclamation” for each absolute direction with no limitation or identification, and another term called “idiomatic” or “standard” set regulations with a specific rules as we shall see.
Exclamation is language: derived from wonder, wonder is denied the wanted habitual and the collection of wonders is admired. Idiomatically: “greatness is an increasing the description of the actor of hidden cause, and wonder came out from his peers or rare”. And has it when their sense of self-emotion including cryptic caused.And a summary say linguistic exclamation: T did wonder has words many Unclassified in as interpretation of the meaning (how disbelieve in Allah) {Cow (28)} and saying peace be upon him “Hallelujah institutional insured does not make alive nor dead”, and saying to God Dora knight.It was said is the feeling of internal react by self may be a sense of inner provoked by foreign agencies appear on the face or otherwise That said if it appears the reason champion surprising, but this is not described God as amazed as not hidden from him something, and if the back of exclamation points in the verse or hadith What’s apparent that it is for the exclamation point shall be to be him either route you want to wonder and amazement, and either delivery to the satisfaction and.
Likeness verse: (What their patient on fire), i.e., that their situation requires that astonished him or the Hadith: (wonder Lord of the people who are leaving to paradise in chains), and these are the prisoners of the participants deliver enter Paradise.And measurement in exclamation lack of exalted qualities that do not accept to increase: What greatest what I appreciate, and I know has passed scientists in order to praise him Almighty meaning it is very greatness be think minds.

Many historians and researchers can seek some important facts in writing history, in particular the history of Iraq, that most of the historical studies and research that were written previously, have focused on studying the political history of the Iraqi state or one of its institutions or important political symbols, so many non-specialists in historical studies thought Or the general intellectuals that the study of history is nothing more than a study of the topics of power, rulers or institutions supporting it. It must also be emphasized that most modern or contemporary historical research and studies have overlooked important historical topics, especially those related to religious minorities in Iraq (defined by the 1925 constitution with the Jews Christians, Sabians, and Yazidis) or their elites and their role in building the institutions of the modern Iraqi state, given the policies of the successive governments that ruled Iraq after the monarchy, which made it forbidden to study or address such topics with many racist, sectarian or chauvinistic motives with the aim of obliterating and confiscating the efforts of the builders The state who had a great and distinguished impact on the development of Iraqi society and placed it in the ranks of the world The developed countries, which are referred to as Lebanon.

In the previous pages there is a creative energy that arose, learned, innovated and produced in an era and environment in which creation and creativity are from the world of dreams . Due to the accumulated pitfalls of damage , weakness , varied and multiplied in its way the obstacles and obstacles that prevented it from the paths of development and prosperity of civilization and intellectual with the intensification of crises and subsequent setbacks .Some luminous torches have emerged to give the Arab Islamic thought the spirit of permanence, survival and continuity .Even in dim lights so that the Arab-Islamic life does not turn into nothingness
So the scholar, writer, historian NEMAT ALLAH ALJAZAERY was one of the most distinguished people who contributed to extend the intellectual, cultural, literary and historical communication circles in the Arab-Islamic heritage in his time and the ages that preceded it in order to link after that to the modern era
From the beginning of his upbringing to the end of his life .He was fond of seeking knowledge, spreading it , promoting it, like a worm that does not give up and does not get bored. On his travels, he would take with him what books he could. If the caravan descended, he put it and worked with it until the time of departure . He might take the book in his hand and read it while he was on his back of the animal was on the journey . Where he was for his intensity of passion in science and knowledge that he roamed in many places and countries while he was still a boy . He faced various kinds of hardships and misfortunes in order to achieve his desires until he reached the state that he did not find anything to fill his soul or to eat or light his lamp to read . He was facing life with a wondrous determination, high will and unwavering determination, persistent , diligent and persistent . He increases attachment and care in his books. Where he excelled in many sciences , arts , he classified , wrote in history, speech , prose , , interpretation, jurisprudence, grammar and literature . His books are mostly benefit to people . Because they are in touch with his daily life , tackle with their cases , behaviors , plant in their spirits love of virtues and wellness

The Arab and Islamic communities and embassies that were set up in China had their impact on the flourishing of trade exchange relations, which preceded diplomatic and political relations first, in addition to the fact that some Arab and Muslim merchants settled in the country of China, especially in the southern port cities of China, secondly.
It also reveals the truth about the wealth that these people acquired in the Chinese markets during the fourth and fifth centuries AH | Tenth and eleventh century AD.
While the Mongol invasion of Iraq in the year (656 AH / 1258 AD) had a great impact on the exposure of many scientific institutions, such as schools, mosques and bookcases to ruin and destruction, as a large number of its men were martyred, because the people of Iraq had the feeling of defending the sovereignty of the Arab Islamic state. Its metropolis was Baghdad, so they stood in the face of the Mongol invaders, and despite the material and human losses inflicted on Iraq and its scholars, the scientific and intellectual movement in Iraq did not stop completely, but rather continued and continued the civilized giving of Iraq.

The study aims at investigating the degree of practicing distributing leadership for governmental secondary schools’ principals at Bethlehem governorate and its relation to the teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior from teachers point of view. It also tends to identify the effect of the variables of gender, academic qualifications and years of experience on the degree of practicing the distributing leadership and the teachers’ level of organizational citizenship behavior. Population of the study compromises all governmental secondary schools (n. 755). A random sample of 106 subjects was selected to collect data. The researcher used the correlational descriptive method. One questionnaire for distributing leadership and another one for the organizational citizenship behavior were designed by the researcher. Results of the study showed the following: The degree of practicing the distributing leadership and the level of the organizational citizenship behaviors was medium. There was positive statistically significant correlation between the degree of practicing the distributing leadership and the level of the organizational citizenship behaviors for teachers. There were statistically significant differences in the degree of practicing the distributing leadership due to gender, academic qualification or years of experience. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the degree of the level of organizational citizenship behavior due to gender, academic qualification or years of experience.

The Iraqi personalities who appeared on the political, economic and intellectual stage have received great attention from researchers in the contemporary history of Iraq, and these personalities have contributed to the change in its policy, whether this change was positive or negative. These researchers highlighted the role of these personalities, but there are a number of The personalities that did not shed enough light and did not receive the attention required for their study by researchers, and among these personalities is Khair al-Din Haseeb.
The importance of the topic lies in that Khair al-Din Haseeb is one of the important personalities who played a distinguished role in the contemporary history of Iraq, especially in the economic history, as he held many economic positions in the Iraqi government in the sixth decade of the twentieth century

Our research covers the following :
1 - A brief biography .
2 - His management of the Central Bank of Iraq in 1963 .
3 - His role in issuing nationalization decisions in Iraq in 1964 .
4 - His presidency of the Economic Corporation in 1964.

The study of Iranian-Ottoman relations is one of the important studies in the modern history of Iraq, especially with the accession of Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar in Iran at the end of the eighteenth century, which was the beginning of calm between the two sides, and of course the policy of the two countries was reflected in the states of Iraq in various aspects, especially The economic ones, as Iraq witnessed during the period 1848-1896 the reflection of the developments of the Iranian-Ottoman relations that directly affected its economic conditions, including the positive results that these relations left for the cessation of conflict and military activity for both countries in which Iraq was an arena for the Iranian-Ottoman conflicts In addition to the good effects that resulted in the economic and commercial cooperation fields, so the research was divided into two main topics. The first topic focused on studying Iran’s trade with the Ottoman states of Iraq and its impact on the economic conditions in the states of Iraq, while the second topic focused on the study of the policy of Financial taxes and their implications for Iraq.

This study aims at navigating and diving in the sea of poetic image, its aesthetics, and patterns, in Andalusian poetry, which the investigators of poets’ collections unintentionally overlooked, and the collection of other texts in the book of Dr. Sayer. The reason for choosing this title lies in the researchers' failure to study most of the texts in this book, and to reveal their features, which are beautiful texts rich in elements of creativity. As it is known to most researchers and critics, the image is one of the most important components and elements of the poetic text. Its concept, elements, and types, ancient and modern. The image in poetic texts varied between a sensory one that depends on a sense, or more than one of the human senses, and through the senses, the recipient can stand at the picture drawn by the creator with his deep imagination, and perceive it to reach its mind, its parts, and its components, and link it to all its components. And thinking, in perceiving and comprehending it, we have walked the path of the analytical method in interrogating the poetic texts that we have chosen for study, and their interpretation, taking advantage of the technical method; In order to complete the process of discovery and extraction of the image, which we aspire to, the study was divided into an introduction and two chapters, accompanied by a conclusion, sources and references. their opinions on it.

Through the development of the concept of focus, we see that it has gone through advanced stages, and this development, which took place on many critical books and narrative studies, made it one of the most prominent and important terms used, as it reached the center stage in studies and research, and this gave it several names (vision, point of view, or perspective(.

Hasan Mudarres was considered an example of a personality who wanted to save a society suffering from oppression and deprivation, and a country suffering from foreign domination. He
. was also the right man to stand up to Reza Shah. For over a century, the words of Hassan Mudarres have remained a source of radiation, illuminating the ideas of generations and generations of Iranians, and instilling in the minds the inevitability of establishing an Islamic government and lifting oppression and tyranny from people, and his famous saying is still:(( Our religion is the same as our politics, and our politics is the same as our religion)), an immortal that reflects the essence of faith. It is the words of a religious scholar at the beginning of the twentieth century, and in the period of, such as the two Tebak revolutions in 1890 and the (conditional) constitutional revolution in Iran in 1905, and the Twentieth Revolution in Iraq in 1920, and between the secular Islamic movements, uprisings and revolutions in The years that followed his era, in which the Islamic Republic of Iran was one of its fruits. .

The research aims to study the overlap of the purpose of praise in the lament, but the value of the elegy poem depends on what it contains of strong emotion, and what is contained in it of sad words that burn the heart, as well as the way in which it is formulated. If the poet is able to describe it, and focus on explaining his feelings, the heat of emotion, and highlighting that with his poetry, then the poem is loaded with a sincere sense of saying. The poet who can reconcile the meaning with the purpose to which the poem came out is a poet who has excelled in his poem, and the feeling remains vague in the poet’s soul, and it becomes clear to him only after it is formed in an image. And there are those who worked to benefit from death and praise for the purpose of obtaining something that he himself hopes for, and this is what we will show in the pages eligible

The research aims to study the overlap of the purpose of praise in the lament, but the value of the elegy poem depends on what it contains of strong emotion, and what is contained in it of sad words that burn the heart, as well as the way in which it is formulated. If the poet is able to describe it, and focus on explaining his feelings, the heat of emotion, and highlighting that with his poetry, then the poem is loaded with a sincere sense of saying. The poet who can reconcile the meaning with the purpose to which the poem came out is a poet who has excelled in his poem, and the feeling remains vague in the poet’s soul, and it becomes clear to him only after it is formed in an image. And there are those who worked to benefit from death and praise for the purpose of obtaining something that he himself hopes for, and this is what we will show in the pages eligible

The current research aims at knowing the effect of teaching social studies using the Zahorek model on the achievement motivation of the second- grade intermediate students. The research sample consists of (63) students, the research sample was distributed into two groups, with (32) students in the experimental group and (31) in the control group, and by verifying the null hypothesis : (there are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study social sciences using the Zahorek model, and the average scores of the control group students who study the same subject in the usual way in the achievement motivation, the research is limited to second-grade intermediate students in the intermediate and morning high schools for boys affiliated to the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad / Al-Rusafa 1 for the academic year (2020-2021). The results show that the students of the experimental group who study the social subject with the Zahorek model surpassed the students of the control group who study the same subject in the traditional way in terms of achievement motivation.

This research deals with the new Turkish policy towards Iraq after 2017, a geopolitical study, as a result of the changes that occurred in the political, economic and security situation in Iraq after 2017, which made the relations between the two countries take another, more positive curve than the previous one, through which Turkey tried to strengthen relations with the central government in Baghdad, especially since one of the most important constants in the Turkish policy towards Iraq is the failure to establish a Kurdish state in northern Iraq, as well as the strong economic relations that bind the two countries.

This research deals with the rebellious poetic impact left to us by the poets of the twentieth revolution, and the role they played in moving the national and religious feeling, in combating the English occupation. and how their poems dealt with the revolution, and the second topic is post-revolution poetry, which is no less important than poetry at the time of the revolution; And the suggestive poetic images associated with the poetry of the revolution, and the impact they left on Iraqi society.

Reasoning is one of the most important aspects of continuity consistency, which is related to the term cause, for cause and reasoning indicate one thing. Most of the linguistic meanings refer to illness and disease. And in the terminology: it is the confirmation of the influencer to prove the effect, or it is the manifestation of the cause of the thing, whether it is complete or incomplete. The method of reasoning is carried out with various and many special tools referred to by the grammarians, some of them are monolithic and some are binary, and others are linked with a special word to be a structure indicative of the explanation Its usefulness lies in informing the report and clarifying the reason for the listener. The focus of the research is on the tools of reasoning that contribute to the consistency of the texts of "Al-Fakhri" by Muhammad bin Ali bin Tabataba, as I found them abundantly in the texts of his book, including the monosyllabic: Kalalam, which is the most prominent of his tools, the Baa and Kaf, and the explanation in binary letters. : In, and in, and ki..etc. I also showed the reasoning through the nouns (the object for which), which is one of the inflections in Arabic, which comes to explain the reason and the reason for the occurrence of the verb, and thus it falls within the group of methods that benefit the explanation. He was more informed than he mentioned it without a defect, and this is what I saw in the consistency of the texts of Al-Fakhri.

The research aimed to identify the point of control of the teachers of some faculties of Al-Mustansiriya University from their point of view and whether it was.
Are there statistically significant differences in the point of control according to the variable of gender, specialization and length of service.
The research was limited to a sample of teachers from some colleges of Al-Mustansiriya University, their number was (160) teachers, and they were selected from (6) colleges.
And after using the statistical means represented by the Pearson correlation coefficient and the t-test for one sample and the t-test for two independent samples.
The researcher reached the following results:-
1. The locus of control for the teaching of some university faculties was inclined towards the internal one.
2. There is no statistically significant difference in the point of control between male and female teachers.
3. There are no differences in the direction of control between teachers with a taste for scientific specialization and teachers with a humanitarian specialization.
4.There is no statistically significant difference in the destination of control according to the variable of service period.

The research aimed to find out:
1- Intellectual pollution among students of the Department of Special Education.
2- The differences in intellectual pollution among students of the Department of Special Education according to the gender variable (males - females)
3- Orientation towards life among students of the Department of Special Education.
4- Differences in the orientation towards life among students of the Department of Special Education according to the gender variable (males - females)
5- The relationship between intellectual pollution and life orientation among students of the Department of Special Education.
The current research is limited to the students of the Department of Special Education in the College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University, of both sexes, and for the academic year (2020-2021), who number (200) male and female students. (28) Paragraph, and the researcher extracted the psychometric characteristics of the scales from validity, reliability and discrimination, and after using the appropriate statistical methods, the results showed the following:
1- There is intellectual pollution among the students of the Special Education Department.
2- There are significant differences on the intellectual pollution scale in favor of male students of the Department of Special Education.
3- Students of the Special Education Department have a negative attitude towards life.
4- There are no differences in the orientation towards life according to the gender variable.
5- There is a very weak relationship between intellectual pollution and life orientation among students of the Special Education Department. At the conclusion of the research, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and future proposals.

The current research aimed to identify the level of strategies of emotional regulation and psychological stability, and the statistically significant differences according to the variables of sex and specialization in both variables. As well as identifying the correlation between emotional regulation strategies and psychological stability .The research sample consisted of (300) male and female students from the Iraqi University, As for the two research tools, the researcher prepared a tool to measure emotional regulation strategies and adopt a scale (Al-Obaidi, 2015) to measure psychological stability, each scale consisted of (40) items, the validity and reliability of both scales were verified, and after processing the data statistically using the Statistical Package Program (SPSS). ), showed the following results:
-The university students had a good level in both variables (emotional regulation strategies and psychological stability).
-There are no statistically significant differences between males and females in the strategies of emotional regulation and psychological stability
- There are statistically significant differences between the scientific and humanistic specialization in the strategies of emotional regulation and psychological stability in favor of the human specialization.
-There is a positive correlation between emotional regulation strategies and psychological stability.
In light of the research results, the researcher formulated a number of recommendations and suggestions

The research dealt with dhimmis physicians and their scientific contributions to the Arab and Islamic civilization from the book Al-Wafi with Deaths by the historian Al-Safadi who lived in the eighth century AH / fourteenth century AD. mentioned in the biography of their biography.

This present research aims to evaluate the Arabic language textbook (two parts) for the year 2018-2019 used for a second grade class in Iraq as a point of view of teachers and their attitudes for curriculum development, also find out the relation between their attitude and evaluation. This research involves all the Arabic language teacher for the second grade class of the year 2018-2019 in Baghdad city. The samples of the study are 300 teachers (male and female), where the author employed the descriptive method dealing with two tools in this research which are the evaluation questionnaire and the attitude scale.
The best concluded results observed from this research that there are many strength aspects in the textbook and the people who works on it spend a good effort to produce it on the good school textbook standards. While, the weak aspect that they should take into account the scope of the scientific material in the textbook with the duration of the two courses.
The important recommendation is reducing some of the vocabulary content of the textbook to be equalized with the duration of the curriculum courses. The suggestion of a solution is to produce a Guide book to the teacher, explained deeply the way of how to deal with the curriculum and with the teaching aspects of this new curriculum which based on the courses, so that the teachers can do it perfectly.

Shakespeare, through his theatrical writings, put a clear artistic imprint that differs from the writers who preceded him and those who came after him, His theatrical texts were distinguished by their diversity in dramatic construction and deviation from the ordinary. the defensive means of Shakespeare's characters formed a clear feature in their dramatic situations through diversity in the dramatic structure and through their diversity and contrast. This is what the researcher seeks to study through.The question in this problem, includes the interrogative on the most prominent defensive means that Shakespeare's theatrical characters resorted. Through their behavior within the context of the dramatic event. To answer this question, the research came in three chapters. The first chapter included - the methodological framework of the research, and its problem. The research focused on shedding light on the positions of Shakespeare's theatrical characters and the defensive means they resort to as a result of the type of that position and its impact on them. The second chapter included the theoretical framework and literature review. While chapter three, included the research procedures, which are: the research community and it consists of three plays and the research results

This study is an attempt to analyze and translate the Arabic rhetorical devices used in mobile prank messages into the English language. As it is bidirectional, this study is hopefully fruitful for translation teachers, contrastive analysts and students of translation since it highlights the problems translators undergo once dealing with languages of different origins and cultures in their daily life. To realize the study aims, the researchers selected data of 10 humorous messages from different hilarious resources retrieved from the web to be translated by five M.A. candidates at the Department of Translation, College of Arts, University of Mosul. The method of the study is painstakingly realized by rhetorically analyzing and translating the messages to fathom the factors affecting the untranslatability of such phenomena. As Arabic and English are distant from each other, it is hypothesized that different rhetorical devices can be used to attain an entertainment differently. The study comes up with the fact that the untranslatability of the humorous expressions are essentially due to word formation, thematic structures and rhyming for they demand linguistic rather than cultural substitution.

With the increase in the large flow of information, and the development that has included individuals and societies due to what modern technologies have achieved, keeping pace with this requires a lot of work and effort in order to catch up with what is emerging, there are satellite channels, newspapers, magazines, tablet computer technologies, etc. All of the illustrations that constitute a visual corner required by children as they are in harmony with their senses and tendencies. These drawings, which are among the applications of contemporary graphic design, presented and present every day various patterns of visual dialogue close to the mentality and perceptions of children, through which various guiding stories and tales are presented. Illustration technique depends on children’s perceptions. Hence, the current research discusses the illustrations and their capabilities in shaping the child’s awareness, the mainstay of the future, based on the following question :
- What role do illustrations play in promoting a child's visual culture? Which the researchers see as a question that calls for searching for answers to it, and the importance of the research is in the possibility of its contribution to the development of the cognitive and applied dimension for workers in the field of illustrations for children, as well as the development of the educational dimension for those working in school affairs, as we refer to the goal of the research, which lies in knowing The role of illustrations in enhancing the visual culture of the child, and the limitations of the research lie in the early and school stages of the child.

The study aimed to identify the level of awareness of medical pollutants among students of health colleges at King Khalid University. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was used, whereby a test was built to measure the level of awareness of medical pollutants in its three domains (cognitive, skill, and emotional). Where the study sample consisted of (302) students of health colleges at King Khalid University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The study concluded that the percentage of the level of awareness according to the responses of the study sample members to the three domains as a whole was (64%), as for all three domains of awareness separately, field No. (2) came in the first place, which states “skillful awareness of medical pollutants among students of health colleges at King Khalid University” with the highest percentage (68%), and field No. (3) came in second place, which states: "Emotional awareness of medical pollutants among students of health colleges at King Khalid University" with a percentage of (66.8%), and field No. (1) came in the last rank, which states "Knowledge awareness of medical pollutants among students of health colleges at King Khalid University" with the lowest percentage of (60). %).
The study recommends the importance of including raising the level of knowledge awareness of medical contaminants among students of health colleges, by developing adequate education strategies and policies, and including this in study plans, and the need to conduct more studies and scientific research on the level of awareness of medical contaminants among students of health colleges at different universities to identify the future proposals.

The aim of the research is to know the effect of a proposed strategy in thinking on the achievement and deductive thinking of first-grade students in middle school in mathematics. To achieve the goal, the following two null hypotheses were developed:
1. There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who study according to the proposed strategy and the scores of the control group students who study according to the usual method in the achievement test for mathematics.
2. There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who study according to a proposed strategy and the scores of the control group students who will study according to the usual method in the deductive thinking test. The research sample was chosen from the students of the first intermediate grade in the Moaz bin Jabal Intermediate School for Boys affiliated to the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad / Al-Karkh II for the second semester (the second course) for the year (2015-2016) AD. It consisted of (57) students, and by random assignment, section (B) was chosen to represent the experimental group with (31) students, and section (C) to represent the control group with (26) students. The two groups were rewarded in the variables (previous achievement in mathematics, previous mathematical knowledge). The researcher prepared (40) a teaching plan of (20) according to a proposed strategy of thinking for the students of the experimental group, and the same number according to the usual method for the students of the control group.To measure the students’ achievement, the researcher prepared a test consisting of (30) test items of the multiple-choice type with four alternatives. The values of (t-test for two independent samples, Kewder-Richardson equation-21 and Class equation to calculate the size of the effect), the results showed the following:-
1- There is a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who studied according to the proposed strategy and the scores of the control group students who studied according to the usual method in the achievement test, and in favor of the experimental group students.
2- There is a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who studied according to the proposed strategy and the scores of the control group students who studied according to the usual method in the deductive thinking test, in favor of the experimental group students.
In light of the research results, a number of conclusions were presented and a number of appropriate recommendations and proposals were formulated.

Islamic textiles have expressed their aesthetic value and artistic originality, as well as their social, intellectual and religious significance, through the diversity of their forms, as a result of the many transformations that have taken place in Islamic societies in different parts of the world, whether plant and geometric motifs or straight and parallel lines. Not only that, but it has gone beyond that and has become a research starting point that many researchers and scholars seek in Islamic and heritage affairs, and based on these principles, the researcher found the necessity to delve into the aesthetic and artistic values in the manufacture of the Islamic fabric and to reveal its intellectual and expressive implications.

The efficiency of packaging 15 samples of some types of frozen vegetables available in the local market of Baghdad were determined by labeling information and leakage, the results showed that the samples V5, V6 and V10 were conforming to the requirements of the Iraqi standard No. 1847 of 2012 (the second update / shelf life of foodstuffs) and its amendments by mentioning the month and year, while the samples V1, V2, V3, V4, V7, V8, V9, V11, V12, V13, V14 and V15 did not conform the specification requirements by mentioning the day, month and year, it was noted that the samples V3, V4, V11 and V15 did not mention the producing company or the importer, the results indicated that the samples V11 and V15 did not mention the batch number, while all samples were content name of material, trademark, country of origin, storage conditions, warning mark, weight and language of the label. The results of the leak test for the frozen vegetable samples showed the presence of leakage in the samples V2, V8, V10, V11 and V14

Emotional design research is considered one of the new and important research in product design, because of the different cultural and social nature of the user, so conducting this type of research is beneficial for both the user and the designer, as it determines the acceptability and marketing of the industrial product.
The research problem was the following question: How to reveal the preference Colors and their emotional associations in the industrial product? While the limits of the research were designing a chair in seven primary and secondary colors, in addition to choosing 7 emotional vocabulary, and 101 male and female students in the design department were surveyed for arriving at results.
The most important results were:
1- It was shown the preference for cold colors in industrial products, primarily violet and then blue.
2- Positive emotional vocabulary of cold colors, on top of which was (attractive), blue and violet in the foreground.
3- Cold colors in total had the highest preference for positive emotional vocabulary, while warm colors were negative

Music and singing accompanied theatrical performances for children as an important audio medium and an effective element in the interpretation of events and variables of expression and dramatic values through which attraction and suspense were achieved, so the need for the role of music and singing in children's theatre performances emerged, and the importance of research: it benefits college and college students, researchers, children's theatre workers, and teachers of artistic education in riamen kindergarten children and elementary schools .
The aim of the research was: to learn about how to employ songs and music and their role in the performances of the children's theater, this in (chapter one), and the second chapter (theoretical framework) included two topics, the first research: addressing a historical overview of the song and music and the theater of the child, but the second topic: the importance of music, singing and sound effects in the performances of the child theater, and was one of the most important indicators of the theoretical framework, that music and singing in the children's theater is important in being the march of the life of the child and the development of his educational idea in different values in building his personality and taste Aesthetic and intellectual sense, and included (chapter three) research procedures, where the researcher analyzed the sample of research, used the analytical descriptive approach in dealing with the research community in the analysis of a theatrical presentation of children (eight days a week) sample of his research in which he dealt with the story of the play, and included (chapter four) the results of the research and discussion, the most important of which was: music and singing beside sound effects in the performances of the theater of the child puts the recipient (child) inside the dream fantasia achieved in the conflict of dramatic events when the music possesses pleasure and imagination And an important role in the performances of the children's theater, which contribute to its creation, education, as well as entertainment, the researcher recommended the need to enhance the place of the theater for audio elements besides visual in providing what is better in the light of modernity and beyond, and conclude the research with accessories, sources and references, as well as summary of research in English

The research included four chapters, as the first chapter included the introduction and the importance of research, as the importance of research lies in the importance of research in the preparation of exercises, especially in cognitive speed and learning some of the earth movements in your skull, but the problem of research lies in the problem of research in the weakness in the level of performance of children, which is due to the lack of diversification in the use of new educational methods to simplify understanding and understanding the correct performance of the skills of your artistic skull in describing the movement. The goal of the research is to prepare special exercises in cognitive speed and learn some ground movements of the skull. For the benefit of remote tests, there are statistically significant differences between the results of the remote tests of the experimental and controlled research groups and in favour of the experimental group in some ground movements in the gymnasts. The second chapter included the research curriculum and its field procedures used the experimental method, but the sample of the research was represented by the cubs of the Baghdad Secretariat Sports Club, which numbered 8 children divided into two experimental and controlled groups of (4) per group. The fourth chapter also included presenting and analysing the results of tribal and remote tests of the experimental and controlling groups and discussing them.
Chapter 5 included the findings and recommendations of the researcher that both groups (experimental and controlled) have a positive impact on learning the skills of your skull and cognitive-motor abilities (in question). The proposed educational program and its dynamic cognitive exercises are more influential than the program used to develop the level of children. The need to follow the foundations and scientific methods when developing special exercises and presenting them to experts.

The conclusion reflects the importance of the program in avoiding many serious diseases, so many studies and research have urged exercise because of its positive benefits to the health of the individual. The problem with research is that many older age groups, especially those in nursing homes, do not exercise actively. In addition to the lack of adequate awareness of the importance of food and sports programs on health and the subsequent social, economic and health outcomes that benefit society in general, the study aimed at preparing a nutritional sports program, as well as identifying the impact of the program on flexibility and the amount of oxygen in the inmates of nursing homes, the researcher used the experimental approach by designing the same group with tribal and remote tests The research community was selected in the intentional manner on a group of inmates of nursing homes and the choice was made on the tender house as the research sample was formed from (12) elderly, and after conducting reconnaissance experiments and applying tribal tests and then applying exercises were conducted remote tests, and through the results the researcher reached a set of conclusions including appropriate exercises touched ...

Advertising display methods developed in the third millennium as a result of technological progress and the integration of computers with modern communication technologies such as satellites and the international information network. This was pointed out by the world of communication Marshall McLuhan, hence the justification for choosing the topic, as there are interactive advertising offers presented on the International Information Network, and other interactive environmental ones, and others that also use modern technologies and employ the human element to be closer to the recipient.
From here came the research problem in determining the uses of patterns of interactive advertisements.
The importance of the research came through the importance of the topic as it relates to a modern topic commensurate with the developments of the times in the third millennium, which is the topic of interaction, participation and exchange of opinion and knowledge of the desires and needs of the public.
The aim of the research is to identify the use of patterns of interactive network and tablet advertisements and the employment of the human personality.
The current research followed the descriptive analytical approach to study the phenomenon and various models were analyzed that surrounded modern interactive advertising types. As for the most important means of data collection, a form was prepared for this purpose.
The most important conclusions were:
1. Modern technological systems and their continuous developments have contributed to creativity and innovation of new methods and ways of interacting with the individual in providing a service, commodity or product in a manner commensurate with the developments of technological eras.
2. Technology has become important in shaping the user's interactive experience because it enables him to reach his goals in purchasing, services or information.
3. The technical structure of commercial advertisements is important in achieving interactivity through the mechanisms of mobility, participation, interaction and the technical construction of network advertising and interactive tablet advertisements, so it must be in accordance with a coordinated visual system in order not to confuse the user in accessing the product or service.
The most important recommendations:-
1- The necessity of paying attention to technology, because it has become one of the basic requirements in human life in the third millennium and has entered into various aspects of the life of the individual, including advertisements of all kinds.
2- The necessity of creativity and the discovery of new technological methods for the interaction of the individual and keeping pace with the developments of the times in a way that serves the society and the individual together.

The aim of the research is to identify (obstacles to the use of e-learning from the point of view of the teachers of the Institute of Fine Arts). In order to identify these obstacles, the researcher formulated two null hypotheses:
1 - There are no statistically significant differences on the average scores of the teachers of the Institute of Fine Arts, according to the gender variable, on the items of the e-learning Obstacles Questionnaire.
2 - There are no statistically significant differences on the average scores of the teachers of the Institute of Fine Arts, according to the educational qualification variable, on the paragraphs of the e-learning obstacles questionnaire.
The research community consisted of a total of (488) teachers of the Institutes of Fine Arts in the city of Baghdad. The researcher chose her research sample in a simple random way. The sample size amounted to (82) male and female teachers who obtained bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees, with (41) teachers holding bachelor’s degrees and (41) teachers holding master’s and doctoral degrees. The researcher built the research tool (the questionnaire) from (19) paragraphs, and after obtaining validity and reliability, it was applied to the basic research sample. After using the statistical bag, the results of the obstacles appeared on all the paragraphs of the questionnaire, and there were differences towards the male sample of teachers according to the hypothesis of the gender variable. As for the hypothesis of the educational qualification variable, it showed differences in favor of teachers with bachelor's degrees

The importance of the research lies in conducting this study by designing exercises with a variety of questions prepared by the study that contributed to the development of the skill of shooting and bouncing the ball with the head for junior footballers, because the exercises are of great importance in developing the performance of the head ball (shooting and controlling the technical ball with the head), watching who was able to search for a sample With the players, the research sample consisted of a sample of the junior football players of the Olympic Champion project, who are (50) players, aged (50) 14 - 15 years, and according to the requirements, design, design and design that were distributed to the players Two experimental and control groups (15) experimental groups for each group, and one of the two groups was selected, the experimental group, the other the control group, and the remaining players. The results of the research were presented, analyzed and discussed, and included the results of sports and motor skill. With the head kick, the most important recommendations were the adoption and generalization of the compound exercises prepared by the researcher within the players training curricula because they lead to the development of the level of players at ages, and the coaches of the Olympic Champion project - specialized schools in football must be acquainted with the importance of compound exercises and how to apply them by scientific methods

The tagged study (symbolic indications in the works of the painter "Mahmoud Fahmy") represents a modest scientific effort to reveal the technical aspects of the uses of (symbol) in the works of the artist "Mahmoud Fahmy", as well as to reveal its formal uses and the resulting expressive indications, which prompted the researcher to Collecting scientific materials and dealing with them to serve the research topic, through a study that included three chapters.
The first chapter included (the methodological framework of the research), including the research problem, its importance and its objectives, which were summarized by (disclosure of the technical aspects of employing the symbol in the artistic forms of the painter "Mahmoud Fahmy", as well as revealing the symbolic - expressive - connotations - of the artistic forms employed in the painter's paintings." Mahmoud Fahmy"). Also, this chapter included the limits of the research (objective, temporal, and spatial), and finally, the definition of the most important terms contained therein.
The second chapter of this study contained the (general) theoretical framework in which the researcher dealt with a number of topics, including the subject of the artistic symbol and its expressive connotations. As well as a brief overview of the life of the artist "Mahmoud Fahmy" and his artistic career. The general framework of the search resulted in a number of indicators, including:
1 For every plastic artwork there are two types of symbolic connotations that directly and effectively control the process of producing it as an integrated creative artwork, namely the subjective (closed / which is the subject actually displayed) and the general (the open / the suggested subject).
2 The recipient's emotional connotations are achieved through the direct symbolic excitement of any artwork, as it is directly related to the psychological state of the artist as well as the viewer, alike.
3- Beauty has a semantic-emotive power, which results in a kind of pleasure aroused by a person who is sensitive to beauty. It refers exclusively to immediate and direct emotions when we see an exciting aesthetic scene.
4- When we see symbolic signs or signs that have been agreed upon in advance - a kind of emotional feeling - the agreement is generated for us even if it is contrary to reality and custom.
As for the third chapter of the research, the researcher dealt with the procedures that included (the research community, the method of selecting samples, the research method, the tool, and finally the analysis of the research samples identified by the researcher with three samples (artistic paintings) by the painter “Mahmoud Fahmy”, which resulted in a number of results. Of which :
1- The artist relied on the realistic-symbolic style in embodying his artistic forms, by projecting his symbols onto certain parts of his formal uses, giving the symbol an intuitive and interrogative dimension that allowed the recipient to analyze the symbolic ciphers and identify the meanings of the expressive work.
2 In order to move the plastic painting from the subjective (closed) system to the general (open) system, the artist resorted to establishing symbolic-explaining connotations through which he linked what is inside the borders of the painting with what is outside, and what is sensual with intuitive
3 The artist "Mahmoud Fahmy" sought to activate symbolic connotations stemming from the inspiration of imagination through direct symbolic connotations, which he wanted to simulate the world of imagination and dreams.

Athletics is one of the most important individual games in the world, which is widely practiced and includes many activities, including short-distance running, long-distance running, and the marathon, as well as throwing events and jumping and jumping events, which require educational and training curricula in order to develop these events.
In order to promote the good level of middle schools in the activities of athletics with all its activities and the various methods and methods of teaching and training in a way that suits the levels of the age groups that exist in these schools, the teacher must be well acquainted with all methods and methods of teaching.
The importance of this research lies in the application of the cooperative method, one of the effective learning methods, by preparing an educational curriculum to teach the research sample of middle school students who are learning the skill for the first time. And the Distinguished High School for Boys, which is affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Rusafa First, was chosen in the intentional way, due to the presence of suitable arenas for practicing athletics, including javelin throwing. The number of its students is (33) students by lottery. The most important stage of learning javelin throwing is the approach run and the five steps, as well as javelin throwing and stability well. The curriculum has been prepared within the cooperative method, which means dividing the students into groups and assigning them to work Together, cooperating according to an organizational structure for teamwork, so that the members of each group cooperate and integrate among themselves in order to learn according to clear and specific roles with Emphasizing that each member of the group learns the required educational material, and that learning takes place in a comfortable atmosphere free of tension and anxiety, and this leads to the students’ motivation to rise significantly, allowing the student to adapt greatly to these influential stages, which leads to a significant improvement in performance, After completing the application of the educational curriculum, post-tests were conducted, and after processing the results of the tests by using the statistical package (SPSS), the conclusions showed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in the post tests, as a result of the experimental group’s use of the cooperative learning method over the traditional (command) method used by the control group, and the recommendations came to the need to use the cooperative learning method in learning this skill or other skills in a way that ensures the advancement and improvement of performance at the level of students.

The current study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the similarities strategy in developing creative thinking among students of the Department of Art Education in the subject of handicrafts. As for the third chapter, the research procedures in which the researcher followed the experimental method for two groups (experimental - control), and the research community consisted of students from the Department of Art Education - College of Basic Education - Al-Mustansiriya University - the first stage, numbering (210) students, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher Determining the subject of handicrafts and building an achievement test according to it to measure and achieve the students of the two research groups (experimental and control), which was characterized by honesty and stability, and the adoption of the test scale of creative thinking (Saeed Khairallah, 1981) modified to measure the development of creative thinking.
The researcher used the statistical package (Spss) as it is the most appropriate for his current study, as it was found that the experimental group students and the development of their creative thinking who studied according to the similarities strategy were superior to the control group who studied in the traditional way.

The objectives of the research are to design and apply educational units according to the Bocartes adaptive learning model and to identify the effect of the Bocartes adaptive learning model supported by hyper media in learning some football skills. In football, there are statistically significant differences between the two research groups, the control and the experimental, in the post tests in teaching some skills in football. As for the research method The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability with the nature of the problem and the research objectives, the research community and its sample, as the researcher deliberately identified the research community, the research from the students of Iraq Qutaiba secondary school in the Baghdad Education Directorate of Rusafa third for the academic year 2021-2022, numbering 133 students, and they were deliberately approved. As for the research sample, it was chosen by the systematic random method, as it consisted of the fifth preparatory grade students, with four divisions, Division A 35 students, Division B 35 students, Division C 32 students, and Division D 34 students. The systematic random method was used to determine the two research groups, as Division (A) was chosen to be Experimental group and Division (D) a control group and each group lists 20 students for the research, so the research sample is from (40) students. The pre-test and after it, educational units were prepared according to the Bocartes adaptive learning model, and then the post-test. The appropriate statistical bag was used to reach the results of the research. One of the most important conclusions of the research is the positive impact that Bocartes’s adaptive learning model supported by Al-Hayer Media supported by Al-Habeer Media in learning some football skills for students Fifth grade preparatory. And the Bocartes model of adaptive learning Supported by Al Hayer Media, it encourages students to contribute to creativity and innovation in proportion to their experiences, skills and personal talents. Among the most important recommendations is to pay attention to the strategy of self-organized learning as an educational strategy in physical education lessons. Emphasis on benefiting from the positives of hypermedia programs in facilitating the process of learning motor skills, especially in the early stages of learning to reduce errors. .

The plastic text is attracted by a group of elements that compete with each other in presence and absence, such as reality and imagination, objective and subjective, place and time, line and color, form and content, as well as material and immaterial, .... and other dualities that are established in their presence different techniques that appear to us on the apparent level in the different forms of production. From the cave paintings and through all its technical transformations that dated the patterns of this art, and in this research and on the basis of the limits of the presence of the material and immaterial in it, conceptual art comes as a post-modern trend, gravitating between their presence as a technical building basis in thinking and directing, it displaced the conceptual artistic construction towards forms that achieved privacy in Treatment and subtraction, from here the researcher presented his research problem that calls for research and exploration for the presence of the material and immaterial in the techniques of conceptual representation in its various types, the research hypotheses were (What is the technical dimension in conceptual art? The importance of the research, as it is a cognitive addition to the Fine Library, and its objectives are summarized in (recognizing the technical dimension of conceptual art as a postmodern style representing its institutions, and revealing The material and immaterial and their relationship in the achievements of conceptual art. The limits of the research (1970 AD - 2010 AD), and in view of this the researcher fought in the theoretical framework, which adopted the following divisions: An introduction to the concept of technology, and a first topic: the relationship between material and immaterial in the plastic achievement. And a second topic: Techniques of manifestation in conceptual art. After delving into the subject of the study, we reached a set of indicators for the theoretical framework that were adopted as equations for analyzing the selected samples represented by procedures followed in all the research community and the selection of the sample within the justifications that justified its selection, the research tool and its role in detection and analysis within certain mechanisms, then choosing the method of analyzing samples (descriptive-analytical). ) . The researcher has committed to the methodological frameworks of his relevant article by presenting the inferred results, the most important of which can be summarized as follows:
1. Conceptual art includes the characteristic of technical diversity.
2. Conceptual art depends on mixing the material as practices that refer to the presence of the immaterial.
3. Realistic direct physical presence in land art, body art and language art.

The aim of the research is to identify (the effectiveness of using the penta Gram strategy in mathematics achievement among fifth-grade students)
The number of the sample members reached (58) students, of which (29) students were for the control group, and (29) students were for the experimental group. The researchers chose the experimental method and one of the partial control designs for the two equivalent groups (experimental and control) with the pre and post test, and the researcher also prepared an achievement test consisting of (35) objective items of the type of multiple choice with four alternatives and the validity was verified.
The researchers used the Keoder-Richardson equation (k-R20) to calculate the test stability factor, and the t-test was used for two independent samples to process the data using the statistical program (SPSS).
The following result was reached:
There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the two research groups in the achievement test and in favor of the experimental group, which studied the subject matter specified for the duration of the experiment using the Penta Gram strategy on female students of the control group who studied in the usual way of teaching, and in light of this result, the null hypothesis is rejected.

The aims of the research is knowing the reality of awareness according to Send Sendai framework for reduction disaster risk for students of Mosul University/ College of education for pure Sciences/ Department of Life Sciences/first stage. The researchers used the descriptive approach for its suitability with research. The research community consists of (264) students from the first stage of Life Sciences Department/ College of Education for pure Sciences, the sample of the research is(160) students The researchers also built a measure of awareness for reduction disaster risk which consist (68) paragraph as a tool for collecting data and the virtual validity was confirmed for scale and used a suitable statistical means and applying the scale on the core of the research sample, Then the researchers concluded that there is a depression in the awareness level of disaster risk reduction and this due to the lack of inclusion of Sendai framework in school curricula therefore the researchers recommend using all methods agreed internationally within Sendai framework .Also the researchers recommend that a similar studies should be undertaken to measure awareness of disaster risk reduction for students at all levels of education.

There are statistical evidence that has spread tremendously since recently to explain, reduce and interpret spatial data, for example, when a disease is studied, whether this disease is on humans or animals, it requires interpretation of the spatial data resulting from this disease, as it includes observations of spatial units, for example, countries or provinces. ..etc, all of these are linked to certain points or locations.
The study uses the greatest possibility method to estimate the parameters of the general spatial regression model by employing the model to study in light of the effect of spatial juxtaposition, and by using the juxtaposition of Queen, and to ensure the performance of the method of estimating the model used in this research, the simulation method was used, according to the simulation method, a program was designed in a language Matlab. In the end, it was concluded that the modified Queen's neighborhood criterion is the best, and the larger samples are taken, the better the estimate is made

the impact of the strategy of ideas gardens in the Achievement of fifth grade students in Science and the development of their curiosity., . The research was represented by The sample that included (44) students of the( Samarra) primary school as ( 22) students for the experimental group, studied by the Gardens of Ideas strategy ,and (22) students for the control. group depending on the normal method., the test consisted of (30) items as multi-choice type, and the reliability was (0.85). The development of curiosity has prepared to and it consisted (20) items . The results of the research indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in achievement and curiosity. The research suggest the need to adopting new teaching strategies.

In her study, the researcher touched on some of the visual abilities that are related to sports performance, especially if they are not accurately mastered, and attention is paid to addressing the weaknesses in those abilities as they negatively affect the level of performance. By informing the researcher of the results of matches related to the game of table tennis and the investigation and search for the most important reasons that cause failure in the level of performance, the researcher noted a weakness in the aspect of visual abilities as a game that depends on the transfer of information from the external environment to the brain to be interpreted and dealt with accurately, as each skill Athletic, the kinetic side and the visual side must be highly efficient in order to positively affect the level of performance. Since the skills of this game are diverse and different and require focus and attention to mental abilities in addition to visual abilities being no less important than them, so the researcher wanted to shed light on visual accuracy and visual tracking and their relationship to the accuracy of transmission in table tennis. Being one of the basic offensive skills in this game, which is characterized by the small size of the ball, the difference in its strikes and the speed of its movement, and all that was mentioned confirms the efficiency, development and upgrading of visual abilities to contribute to improving the level of mental and skill abilities.
The study aimed to identify the correlation of the selected visual abilities with the accuracy of serving in table tennis, and the study also aimed to extract the percentage of contribution to those abilities with the accuracy of the serve. The hypotheses of the research were that there is a significant correlation between the optical accuracy and the optical tracking with the accuracy of the transmission, and there is a contribution ratio between those capabilities with the accuracy of the transmission. The researcher used the descriptive approach to extract the correlation relationship as it is more appropriate to the research problem on a sample of the national team players in the Kadhimiya Club, which numbered (8) players who were chosen by the intentional method. Conducting visual and skill tests at the National Center for Sports Talent. The method of testing and how to score points and the number of attempts for each laboratory were explained, and the researcher was keen to ensure that the conditions were appropriate and the same for all testers. Visual abilities Visual accuracy and visual tracking with accuracy of transmission in table tennis. The researcher recommended the necessity of paying attention to visual abilities, as they are no less important than mental and skill abilities, and any weakness in those abilities negatively affects the level of performance.

Psychological flow and its relationship to the performance of the skills of preparing and receiving volleyball
. Where the concept of psychological flow is one of the positive concepts, and in the sports side it has important dimensions, as it activates scientific interest in psychology and makes the behavioral construction of the sports personality so that it enables the player to face the difficulties in learning and since the volleyball game is one of the games that are characterized by difficult and changing situations, both during the learning process. Or play and these situations have a great impact on the behavior of the individual and therefore sports
confidence is also one of the most important psychological phenomena, which is considered one of the main psychological features of the learnerFactors, the most prominent of which is the state of psychological flow, the researcher shed light on psychological flow by trying to find out the relationship between psychological flow and the performance of the skills of preparation and reception of the volleyball dispatch, as the psychological flow needs a person to exploit all his positive energies and that the effectiveness of the individual remains coexistent in the experience of psychological flow Until it reaches the status of completion, no matter how long the period of time Research objectives: The research aims to:
Identify the correlational relationship between psychological flow and the performance of volleyball preparation skill in the research sample.
Identify the correlation between psychological flow and performance of the volleyball dispatch reception skill for the research sample.
The two research hypotheses:
Identifying a statistically significant correlation between psychological flow and the performance of volleyball numbers for the research sample.
Identifying a statistically significant correlation between psychological flow and the performance of the volleyball dispatch reception skill in the research sample.

The current research aims to measure the effectiveness of systemic thinking skills to master the skill performance in drawing perspective for second-grade intermediate students in art education. To study this, the researcher determined to build teaching plans for the subject of perspective drawing, according to (systematic thinking skills).
The following two null hypotheses were formulated:
-There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the grades of the students of the two groups (experimental and control) in the skill proficiency test. (previously).
-There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the grades of the students of the two groups (experimental and control) in the skill proficiency test (post).
The results of this research showed the effectiveness of teaching plans according to (systematic thinking skills) to master the skill performance of the experimental group students. Which had a positive effect on the skill proficiency in the subject of perspective drawing, to reach the desired results.

Among the vies of technology and its revolutionary diffusion into amodern digital technology, different, extraneous, familiar or not forms which considered a logical development for such revolutionary diffusion in all aspects. Besides, it has brought the invension of new terms such as the process of cloning animals and even the ambition to get into the human cloning . This can be real with the existing of digital technology with all its different extraneous forms shaped by dancing , singing and super adventures in different behaviours that may get attension to . So, everything will be possible in the world as in art, especially cinema and television with the use of pixels which are the most important element in the digital photo or view, these give a flash and clearness for photos when increasing in number and vice versa.
As a matter of fact, we can say that digital photo connected with pixwls.
The problem of the study shed light on the creativity for it has the ability to create everytyhing beautifully, besides, the notional and scientific increasing that world witnessed recently. All these achievements existed to serve the extraneous digital works created for children taken from scientific proposed and extraneous fancy. The researcher has formulated the hypothesis of the study by the following question .
What are the aesthentics features of the extraneous form in the digital movies addressed for children.

The current research aims to identify the effect of using the concept circles strategy on the achievement of mathematics and innovative thinking for first-grade intermediate students. The research sample consisted of (60) female students, They were divided into two groups, so the number of members of the experimental and control groups reached (30) female students. The researcher conducted the equivalence between them in the variables of previous knowledge, previous achievement, and chronological age. An achievement test of (30) items was prepared, and after it was presented to a group of arbitrators, its validity was verified, and it reached (84%). By using the retest method, the reliability was verified, and the reliability coefficient was (80%). A test of innovative thinking was prepared with (20) items, and its validity was (80%) and its stability was (85%). The results showed that the difference between the two groups is in favor of the experimental group that used the concept circles strategy in achievement compared to the one that used the usual teaching method in teaching and in the innovative thinking test. Thus, the hypotheses are rejected because there are statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group members

the impact of the strategy of ideas gardens in the Achievement of fifth grade students in Science and the development of their curiosity., . The research was represented by The sample that included (44) students of the( Samarra) primary school as ( 22) students for the experimental group, studied by the Gardens of Ideas strategy ,and (22) students for the control. group depending on the normal method., the test consisted of (30) items as multi-choice type, and the reliability was (0.85). The development of curiosity has prepared to and it consisted (20) items . The results of the research indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in achievement and curiosity. The research suggest the need to adopting new teaching strategies.

In her study, the researcher touched on some of the visual abilities that are related to sports performance, especially if they are not accurately mastered, and attention is paid to addressing the weaknesses in those abilities as they negatively affect the level of performance. By informing the researcher of the results of matches related to the game of table tennis and the investigation and search for the most important reasons that cause failure in the level of performance, the researcher noted a weakness in the aspect of visual abilities as a game that depends on the transfer of information from the external environment to the brain to be interpreted and dealt with accurately, as each skill Athletic, the kinetic side and the visual side must be highly efficient in order to positively affect the level of performance. Since the skills of this game are diverse and different and require focus and attention to mental abilities in addition to visual abilities being no less important than them, so the researcher wanted to shed light on visual accuracy and visual tracking and their relationship to the accuracy of transmission in table tennis. Being one of the basic offensive skills in this game, which is characterized by the small size of the ball, the difference in its strikes and the speed of its movement, and all that was mentioned confirms the efficiency, development and upgrading of visual abilities to contribute to improving the level of mental and skill abilities.
The study aimed to identify the correlation of the selected visual abilities with the accuracy of serving in table tennis, and the study also aimed to extract the percentage of contribution to those abilities with the accuracy of the serve. The hypotheses of the research were that there is a significant correlation between the optical accuracy and the optical tracking with the accuracy of the transmission, and there is a contribution ratio between those capabilities with the accuracy of the transmission. The researcher used the descriptive approach to extract the correlation relationship as it is more appropriate to the research problem on a sample of the national team players in the Kadhimiya Club, which numbered (8) players who were chosen by the intentional method. Conducting visual and skill tests at the National Center for Sports Talent. The method of testing and how to score points and the number of attempts for each laboratory were explained, and the researcher was keen to ensure that the conditions were appropriate and the same for all testers. Visual abilities Visual accuracy and visual tracking with accuracy of transmission in table tennis. The researcher recommended the necessity of paying attention to visual abilities, as they are no less important than mental and skill abilities, and any weakness in those abilities negatively affects the level of performance

Psychological flow and its relationship to the performance of the skills of preparing and receiving volleyball
. Where the concept of psychological flow is one of the positive concepts, and in the sports side it has important dimensions, as it activates scientific interest in psychology and makes the behavioral construction of the sports personality so that it enables the player to face the difficulties in learning and since the volleyball game is one of the games that are characterized by difficult and changing situations, both during the learning process. Or play and these situations have a great impact on the behavior of the individual and therefore sports
confidence is also one of the most important psychological phenomena, which is considered one of the main psychological features of the learnerFactors, the most prominent of which is the state of psychological flow, the researcher shed light on psychological flow by trying to find out the relationship between psychological flow and the performance of the skills of preparation and reception of the volleyball dispatch, as the psychological flow needs a person to exploit all his positive energies and that the effectiveness of the individual remains coexistent in the experience of psychological flow Until it reaches the status of completion, no matter how long the period of time Research objectives: The research aims to:
Identify the correlational relationship between psychological flow and the performance of volleyball preparation skill in the research sample.
Identify the correlation between psychological flow and performance of the volleyball dispatch reception skill for the research sample.
The two research hypotheses:
Identifying a statistically significant correlation between psychological flow and the performance of volleyball numbers for the research sample.
Identifying a statistically significant correlation between psychological flow and the performance of the volleyball dispatch reception skill in the research sample.

The current research aims to measure the effectiveness of systemic thinking skills to master the skill performance in drawing perspective for second-grade intermediate students in art education. To study this, the researcher determined to build teaching plans for the subject of perspective drawing, according to (systematic thinking skills).
The following two null hypotheses were formulated:
-There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the grades of the students of the two groups (experimental and control) in the skill proficiency test. (previously).
-There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the grades of the students of the two groups (experimental and control) in the skill proficiency test (post).
The results of this research showed the effectiveness of teaching plans according to (systematic thinking skills) to master the skill performance of the experimental group students. Which had a positive effect on the skill proficiency in the subject of perspective drawing, to reach the desired results

Among the vies of technology and its revolutionary diffusion into amodern digital technology, different, extraneous, familiar or not forms which considered a logical development for such revolutionary diffusion in all aspects. Besides, it has brought the invension of new terms such as the process of cloning animals and even the ambition to get into the human cloning . This can be real with the existing of digital technology with all its different extraneous forms shaped by dancing , singing and super adventures in different behaviours that may get attension to . So, everything will be possible in the world as in art, especially cinema and television with the use of pixels which are the most important element in the digital photo or view, these give a flash and clearness for photos when increasing in number and vice versa.
As a matter of fact, we can say that digital photo connected with pixwls.
The problem of the study shed light on the creativity for it has the ability to create everytyhing beautifully, besides, the notional and scientific increasing that world witnessed recently. All these achievements existed to serve the extraneous digital works created for children taken from scientific proposed and extraneous fancy. The researcher has formulated the hypothesis of the study by the following question .
What are the aesthentics features of the extraneous form in the digital movies addressed for children.

Abstract: The current research aims to identify the effect of using the concept circles strategy on the achievement of mathematics and innovative thinking for first-grade intermediate students. The research sample consisted of (60) female students, They were divided into two groups, so the number of members of the experimental and control groups reached (30) female students. The researcher conducted the equivalence between them in the variables of previous knowledge, previous achievement, and chronological age. An achievement test of (30) items was prepared, and after it was presented to a group of arbitrators, its validity was verified, and it reached (84%). By using the retest method, the reliability was verified, and the reliability coefficient was (80%). A test of innovative thinking was prepared with (20) items, and its validity was (80%) and its stability was (85%). The results showed that the difference between the two groups is in favor of the experimental group that used the concept circles strategy in achievement compared to the one that used the usual teaching method in teaching and in the innovative thinking test. Thus, the hypotheses are rejected because there are statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group members.

PEG/Zn(ext)2 with ( x= 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) thin films have been prepared by spin coating method .The influence of zinc complex on PEG/Zn(ext)2 thin films have been investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and DC electrical conductivity. , the FT-IR test were necessary to identify the functional groups in the prepared samples, As well as to detect the doped that added to the samples. The study of electrical conductivity show the pure sample .The DC electrical conductivity studies show that conductivity values of the films increase from (1.33x10-9) S/cm to(3.42x10-7)S/cm as the Zn(ext)2 concentration increases.

The aim of the research is to prepare silver nanoparticles by laser ablation method in an aqueous medium to dements rate the important of laser in the production of silver nanoparticles , AgNPS prepared were distinguished by their structural , physical and optical properties . so we studied the properties of these nanoparticles prepared in this way . some optical examinations were performed on the colloidal silver solution , the structural properties were characterized by using X-Ray diffraction , the physical properties were analyzed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy( FESEM ) and the optical Properties were analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy , and FTIR measurement in order to identify the dimensions , and shapes of the prepared AgNPS .and used Energy - Dispersive X- Ray Spectroscopy ( EDX ) , Fluorescence Spectrum measurement , these particles were prepared by means of a liquid-pulsed laser ablation technique (PLAL) using Nd:YAG laser with an energy of ( 500 ) mj . And a number 0f (100 ) pulses . this method is simple , pollution , free , stable , and has the ability to determine the specifications of the prepared particles. when examining the size and shape of the nanoparticles it was found that the nanoparticles are spherical shape , which dimensions ranging (46.55- 34.80) nm .The optical properties were also studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy ,the results showed that the absorption spectrum of silver was located at ( 534 ) nm . the height and decrease of the absorption peaks depend on the concentration of silver nanoparticles in the colloidal solution , as well as the shape of those particles . the results of X-Ray diffraction examination showed that the film of the prepared AgNps at energy ( 500 ) mj is polycrystalline and of cubic type .

Let R be a commutative ring with unity and let M be a unitary R-module. The goal of this work is to investigate the relationships between weakly Quasi-prime modules and coprime modules(dual notion of prime modules) .Also we give some basic properties of the two concepts.

In this paper the differential transform method (DTM) is used to solve linear and nonlinear system of fuzzy differential equations. The approximate solution of the system is calculated in the form of a rapid convergent series using descriptions and properties of fuzzy set theory, this method captures the exact solution so to illustrate the ability and subtleties of this process, some systems of fuzzy differential equations are solved as numerical examples. A comparison of evaluated numerical results with the exact solutions for each fuzzy level set is displayed in the form of tables.