Engineering and Technology Journal

To reduce the impact of the high current on the power grid from the start process
of the large induction motor and eliminate the negative influences of traditional
reduced voltage start on the electronic and mechanical equipments and enhance the
ability of the energy saving of the system. We studied and improved the intelligent soft
start of such motors, this paper presents the design of intelligent soft starting controller
in viewpoint of energy saving for power electronic systems. The proposed controller
was compared through experimental studies under identical conditions with the
thyristor soft starting controller (conventional controller). The performance comparison
is made on the aspects of power quality and energy saving advantages. It is found that
the proposed controller has superior operating and performance characteristics as
compared to the conventional one.

The study enrolled a total of 33 patients with congestive heart failure,
angina pectoris and myocardial infarction for evaluation of the activity of
enzymes, creatine kinase, and aspartate transaminase, concentrations of
calcium, cholesterol, and triglyceride and they were compared with 16
normal healthy human. .This study involved three groups of patients a first
one consisted of 9 patients with congestive heart failure. Second group of 9
patients with angina pectoris with chest pain. Third group consisted of 15
patients with myocardial infarction. They were obtained from Ibn-Al-Bay tar
hospital and Ibn-Al-Nafess for cardiac care unit of Baghdad. They were
investigated for enzymes activity and concentration of calcium, cholesterol,
and triglyceride.
There was very highly significant increase in the activities of creatine
kinase, aspartate transaminase (P< 0.001) with different heart diseases when
compared with normal healthy subjects. The result demonstrated a
statistically significant decrease in the concentration of calcium (P< 0.001)
and significant increase in concentration of Cholesterol and triglyceride when
compared with normal healthy subjects with different heart diseases
(P< 0.001).

The present work concerns with study of extrusion behavior of aluminum alloy-Al2014
comparing with pure aluminum-Al1050, using different die angles (α=15, 30 and 75°) and
different billet lengths (20, 28, 40 and 52mm). Results showed that the extrusion load increase
when billet length increases for aluminum alloy (Al-2014) and pure aluminum (Al-1050). The
results also showed that small die angles required higher extrusion load than large die angles.
The Brinell hardness values showed that aluminum alloy (Al-2014) undergoes higher work
hardening due to the presence of copper compared with the pure aluminum (Al-1050), in
addition to formation of dead metal zone which resists the metal flow through the die opening.

The aim of this research is to compare the electrochemical behavior of two surgical
implant biomaterials alloys, SS 316L and Co–Cr–Mo alloy in simulated body fluid. This
comparison is focused on the influence of presence of three anti-inflammatory drugs,
aspirin (C9H8O4), paracetamol (C8H9NO2), and mefenamic acid (C15H15NO2) with three
concentrations of each drug (0.00303, 0.00606, and 0.01212), (0.0086, 0.0172, and
0.0344), and (0.00111, 0.00156, and 0.00201) g/300ml respectively at pH=7.4 and 37oC
using electrochemical techniques, potentiodynamic curves and potentiostatic tests.
Influence of these drugs on both biomaterials depends on the formation of
organometallic complexes between released metals ions from implant alloys and drugs
molecules. The study shows that the drugs behave as inhibitors for SS 316L through the
measured corrosion parameters, while gives irregular behavior in the case of Co – Cr –
Mo alloy. However, difference between two alloys appear with different affinity of
released metal ions to binding with other molecules inside human body.

Steel fiber reinforced concrete is used as a construction material in modern
structures. Recent studies have shown that steel fiber can be used to improve the
behavior of structures and increase the bending moment capacity and shear strength of
reinforced concrete members.
This research present and modify the nominal and ultimate bending moment
equation, maximum and balance reinforcement indices and depth of compression zone
for different types of reinforced concrete beams: single, double and T beams including
the effect of steel fibers.
The modified equations showed that the internal moment capacity of the beams with
steel fiber increased by the amount ( ) which represent the participation of the
steel fiber. The balance and maximum reinforced indexes ( & )decreased by
( ) for single, double & T-beam reinforced concrete, this means that the ductility
increased by adding steel fiber. Also the depth of compression zone increased by a
factor ( ) which is greater than (1.0). The modified equations are verified and
applied on the reinforced concrete beams with steel fibers which tested in
previous study, the theoretical results showed excellent agreement with the
experimental values

Removal of heavy metals from water and wastewater has received a great deal of
attention. Adsorption is one of the most technologies being used for treatment of
polluted water. This study records lab scale experiments to test efficiency of
activated carbon as an adsorbent and comparing it with low-cost naturally
occurring materials (sand & egg shells) in removing lead ions from wastewater.
The adsorption of lead ions from solutions containing different initial lead
concentrations (100, 150 and 200 ppm pb as lead nitrate) using different particle
size (140, 300 and 500 μm) and different doses of activated carbon, sand and egg
shells at different pH (4, 7 and 10) was examined. Also the metal concentration
retained in the adsorbent phase (mg/g) was calculated. This method of heavy
metals removal proved highly effective as removal efficiency increased with
increasing adsorbent dose while it decreased with increasing metals concentration.
The results revealed that of the studied adsorbents, the activated carbon showed
the highest adsorption capacity and the maximum adsorption can be obtained by
using particle size of 140 μm in neutral media (pH 7). This technique might be
successfully used for the removal of lead ions from liquid industrial wastes and
wastewater.

In this paper the principal objectives is to design a suitable profile that produces
minimum value of jerk and contact stress keeping the acceleration within a limit
especially in high-speed machine. Many works in the experimental part are done
on the synthesis of cam profile in accuracy and system flexibility on the output
follower motion; but there is a lack in the analytical part. The analytical
formulation has been done with classical plate theory of un-symmetric cam with
three circular-arc contact profiles using the equation of circular plate solution due
to the distributed load comes from the perpendicular contact harmonic motion of
the follower. The cam used in the paper can be found in cutting and metal forming
tools, heavy duty of marine engine, and fast manufacturing equipment. The aim of
the present paper is to calculate the maximum deflection on cam boundaries
varying with (r and θ) coordinates between beginning and ending of contact
follower loadings. The results were classified into mathematical model and finite
element using software ANSYS.

This paper, will introduce some types of compact mapping called
t * - generalized compact mapping by using t * - generalized compact sets
and giving some properties of their mappings, Moreover, showing the
relationship between these types

The seismic response of the nuclear tower is analyzed by investigating the
frequency response during the main recorded events. The dynamic characteristics of
the nuclear tower under seismic response with higher intensity are pointed out the
dominant seismic time history components determines the response characteristics of
the tower.
The nuclear tower coupled with the seismic loadings will amplify the damages to
the structure. These results are consistent with field observations after major seismic
response, this explains the symmetry of the nuclear tower damage during seismic
response.
Seismic resistance measures, such as viscous damping or energy dissipation,
dynamic properties and nuclear tower vibration elements will help to increase the
accuracy of the life model. In this paper, improvement in using computing program
and mathematical algorithms will increase both the accuracy and confidence of the
results.
The contact problem of the nuclear tower structure is another direction for a
detailed understanding the mechanism of the nuclear tower structure interaction, such
as mode shapes, eigenvalues/vectors, deformation, propagation and non-propagation of
cracks, and the stresses slip of the foundation caused by random seismic loading that
can lead to damage. This study is helpful for designing new seismic resistant nuclear
towers structures to reduce damage

In this work , an experimental study to obtain the fatigue endurance limit for
two aluminum alloy , 2024 and 5052 , were carried out at stress ratio R=-1 and
rotary bending tests . The fatigue tests were performed at RT, 100 °C, 200 °C and
300 °C in order to establish the S–N curve equations. The fatigue endurance limits
for both alloys at different temperature conditions were calculated at 107 cycles
from the empirical S-N curve equations. It was found that the fatigue endurance
limit decrease with increasing the temperature. Also the reduction percentage in
fatigue endurance limit for 5052 Al. alloy was higher than that of 2024 Al. alloy.

Two different temperatures (room temperature and 200oC) were used in the
experiments using 1100 Aluminum alloy in order to analyze the effect of
temperature. Stress amplitude versus fatigue life (S-N curves) for two different
temperatures was established experimentally. The transition lives (point) of those
two curves were observed and no significant effect of temperature on this point
was observed. Fatigue strength at a given number of cycles decreases with
increasing temperature

Modern high performance processor architectures have come to depend upon
highly pipelined operation in order to achieve improvements in operating speed. As
a result, the cost associated with flushing the pipeline and refilling it when a branch
instruction is mis-predicted can significantly impact processor performance. Many
schemes, from the extremely simple to the highly complex, have been proposed to
improve branch prediction accuracy. Conventional two-level branch predictors
predict the outcome of a branch either based on the( local branch history)
information, comprising the previous outcomes of a single branch (intra-branch
correlation), or based on the (global branch history) information, comprising the
previous outcomes of all branches (inter-branch correlation). The misprediction
rates for these predictors are very high when they predict branch instructions with
hybrid correlations. In this paper we suggest a hybrid perceptron based predictor
which employs up to 31-bits of both local and global branch history information to
minimize the misprediction rates. The software written for simulation and testing
shows that the suggested hybrid predictor achieves a high accuracy. Our results
shows that the best response of the predictor is obtained on history length of 16-
bits.

This paper presents experimental results of forced convection heat transfer and
pressure drop across ( 12.5 * 12.5 * 100 cm ) square packed duct. The pad made of
forty- eight metallic wrapping coil unit with (0.98 porosity ) and (26 W/m.°C thermal
conductivity ). The local surface duct temperature and local heat transfer coefficient
distribution, Nusselt number, pressure drop and friction factor were measured for heat
flux (0.56 to 2.73 kW/m2) ,Reynolds number (40339 to 54797 ) and three boundary
condition of heat flux imposed on duct surface . It was found that Nusselt number
increases as Reynold number, heat flux and number of duct surface exposed to heat
flux increases. Nusselt number in packed duct is to be ( 1.2 , 1.19 ) times higher than
the empty ducts at heating all surface and top & bottom surface of packed duct
respectively. Many empirical relation between Reynold number, Nusselt number and
pressure drop obtained in this study.

Composite Materials have been used extensively in application such as pipes
and pressure vessels. Therefore it is important for further studies on the
properties of these materials. This paper presents the results from a series of
tensile tests on the mechanical properties of composite materials. Specimens cut
from pipes made from composite materials were tested under internal pressure
loadings have been tested by using a series of ASTM Standards test methods for
mechanical properties. Based on the results obtained, the longitudinal E11,
transverse E22 and shear modulus G12 of 101.2 GPa, 5.718 GPa, 4.346 GPa and
36.6, 5.4 GPa, 4.085 GPa for carbon and glass fiber/ epoxy composites,
respectively, while the ultimate longitudinal XL, transverse XT and shear tensile
τ0 strengths of 1475.4 MPa, 20 MPa, 36 MPa and 618.9 MPa, 14 MPa, 28 MPa
for carbon and glass fiber/epoxy composites, respectively. The results from this
series of tests have been presented and compared with results from analytical
equations. Good agreement was achieved between the experimental results and
analytical results.

In this paper, the ZnO thin films have been prepared by spray research
thickness (300nm) on a glass substrates and studying its optical and electric
properties.
The results of (X-Ray ) diffraction showed that the films have a
polycrystalline structure , The Absorption and The transmission as a function of
photon energy for ZnO films had been studied. The Investigation of energy gap
of the direct allowed transitions of ZnO film showed a value of (3.14 eV). The
optical Absorption coefficients have been studied as a function of Photon
Energy See beck measurements revealed that ZnO thin films are n-type