Ahl Al-Bait Jurnal

The research deals with the topic of comparative traditional interpretation. It begins by defining this type of interpretation and clarifying its preliminaries, which include the existence of a considerable number of traditional interpretations from both Sunni and Shia scholars, but these interpretations are not comparative or comprehensive. Therefore, some authors and scholars have been active in the last century in compiling a comparative interpretation that includes the traditional interpretations of more than one sect. The most important results of this activity were two interpretations: one for Sunni scholars and another for Shia scholars. Both interpretations are comparative, but the comparison in Sunni interpretation is limited to the traditional interpretations of Sunni sects only, while Shia comparative interpretation overcomes this major shortcoming that Sunni interpretation suffers from. Then we provided a model for the intended comparative traditional interpretation, which is an interpretation of Surah Al-Kafirun. Finally, we presented the results of the research with some suggestions, hoping to succeed in conveying the idea of such an interpretation.

The cognitive features of the question and its methods in the sacred text aim to stimulate the mind and expand thought about the universe, life, history, man and other areas of life. We find that the questions contained in it in different forms have multiple and diverse meanings and methods and have many goals and objectives. They address society and show it what is right from what is wrong. It helps a person to make clear to him his correct beliefs, his clear perceptions, and his bright ideas from others, and these educational meanings of the question and its multiple methods include a set of Islamic educational effects that can be deduced from the verses of the question in its various methods and observing the result of these Qur’anic verses that indicate this, in their positive educational, social, and educational effects. On the individual and the Islamic society in a way that constitutes clear cognitive milestones.
As well as noting the verses of the question, which call for contemplation and reflection on them, and the educational values included in the question, as the question was one of the means of learning and teaching in the Holy Qur’an

This research addresses an answer to an important contemporary issue, about which many debates are taking place, which is the truth of the Qur’anic position on the issue of cursing, and the possibility of its use by Muslim preachers. The research attempts to discuss the issue in a scientific manner to reach the correct result.

One of the most important topics in Islamic criminal jurisprudence, which has a great relationship with the life systems of the individual and society, and has a role in providing security, comfort, stability, and progress. It is the topic of borders and ta’zir, especially the topic of punishment for fighting hostility..

Environmental media is one of the types of specialized media that contributes to spreading environmental awareness and introducing the public to pressing environmental issues. In this context, the study aimed to identify the concept of environmental media and its forms, identify the most important means of environmental media that contribute to attracting attention towards environmental issues, and shed light on the concept Environmental awareness, its goals, and the challenges it faces. The study used the descriptive approach and the survey approach, by using a questionnaire to collect data from a random sample of the general public in Holy Karbala, numbering (100) individuals. The study found that there were statistically significant differences between the opinions of the respondents about Following up on environmental issues in the media, on journalistic arts in environmental media, on the role of the media in developing environmental awareness, on satisfaction with addressing environmental issues in the media, and on the effectiveness of the media in presenting environmental issues.

Administrative custom is a set of rules, principles and provisions that the administration follows and bases its administrative decisions upon in performing its tasks and legal actions and becomes accustomed to in a way that makes it binding on them and obliges it to apply them in accordance with administrative custom. It is held accountable if it violates it and leads to the invalidation of its decisions by the rule of law if they contravene administrative custom. This applies to the administrative investigation carried out by the administration in the field of public employment through a set of procedures taken by the competent authority, collecting evidence, and objective and impartial investigation to uncover administrative violations committed in order to impose disciplinary punishment on the perpetrator, as administrative discipline is an important part of the job system. The public, which represents every administrative structure, has an important role in establishing the principle of discipline to achieve the public good. The administrative investigation aims to clarify the legal status of the employee’s administrative violation and attribute the violation to its perpetrator. Administrative custom has traditional pillars and other real, realistic principles upon which it is based to ensure the administration’s commitment to it and to follow it steadily to ensure the progress of Its Actions Administrative custom has a role that starts from investigation and gathering evidence to imposing punishment on the perpetrator of an administrative violation in the field of public service.

This research seeks to review the features of Qur’anic quotation in the results of the poet Muhammad Mahdi Al-Jawahiri, whose basic function is highlighted in establishing a new language that contributes to strengthening the text, revealing its secrets, enriching it, and giving it value and effectiveness in the hearts of the recipients, in addition to giving it the quality of permanence and creative beauty.

Imam Ali (peace be upon him) was not just an Islamic historical figure whose biography passed and ended, and those who were affected by him were influenced by him and those who denied his position denied it. Rather, he is considered a human phenomenon that deserves to be studied and considered for the purpose of generalization and taking lessons, as it is an integrated human heritage. Nahj al-Balagha of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is considered a global constitution and influence. Historically, and within the framework of our research (the judicial thought of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in Nahj al-Balagha), light will be shed on an aspect of good governance and social justice during the era of the Commander of the Faithful Ali (peace be upon him), where we will address the definition of the judiciary, its importance, and the characteristics of a just judge, in addition to our discussion For judicial jurisprudence, we looked at some examples of judicial practices during the era of Imam Ali (peace be upon him).

The issue of formality is one of the important procedural issues within the scope of the Civil Procedure Law, due to its failure to have a significant impact on the invalidation of civil lawsuit procedures when they are not observed in the manner required by law. There is no doubt that this issue occupies a fundamental pillar among all the procedures required by the law, and therefore formality is one of the most important. Requirements for the validity of the judicial procedure. The civil lawsuit is therefore a set of judicial procedures that begin with the judicial claim and end with the issuance of the ruling.

Due to the emergence of the role of monitoring and monitoring the Islamic market at the global level and the emergence of a special key, the most prominent of which is the American Islamic Dow Jones Index (DJII), it has been divided into two types of this index, there is a general islamic market index and a medium cap Islamic index, and a statement of the extent of the impact of the various indicators on the main financial market to indicate the extent of its reflection. The components of this market are in the components of other financial markets that operate outside the framework of Islamic Sharia controls.
The research into the market cap showed many of the most prominent of which are the presence of very high heights and a strong relationship for the general Islamic market index in the main financial market index, while the influence and relationship of the medium cap Islamic index and indices continues, but in lower proportions than the general Islamic market index, mainly highlighting the targeting of work on leadership. The technology and controls of the companies that operate these organizations that affect living organisms indicate a large number of their counterparts and their financial performance is stable and broader

Syntactic displacement is an important research field in modern critical studies, and with the great intellectual explosions that were able to affect modern Arabic literature as they affected all other types of art, and since Hussein Abdul Latif is one of the modern poets who have emerged a lot in such types of displacements, as he mixed the modern with the old in order to create displacements that serve his texts.
Our research deals with this syntactic displacement through studying the structure among Arabs and the West by clarifying the opinions of scholars and critics in this regard, then the research aims to examine the syntactic displacements in the poetry of Hussein Abdul Latif with the most present elements of syntactic displacement in his poetry, the first of which is: the advancement and delay represented in the two sentences: nominal and verbal, and the other: the deletion of its types found in his poetry.

The subject of the research is a study of the formations of the self-image of the poet Yahya Al-Samawi. We have decided, according to the investigation of its formation, that it should be in three sections: the transcendent self, the optimistic self, and the active self. In the transcendent self, we find it a self kneaded with the water of altruism and molded on generosity. It is a giving self that does not have space for taking. It is creative and innovative with images of giving and altruism. In the optimistic self, the poet was characterized by an optimistic self far from despair despite his suffering and struggle. In his active self, the poet transforms himself into an active self that seeks change according to his perception and poetic vision.

Exchange rates play an important role in their impact on poverty levels. It is possible to represent an economic policy aimed at maintaining the stability of the local currency prices against the dollar and reducing poverty, as this works to reduce hyperinflation and then economic stability will be achieved, and this in turn will improve the productive apparatus of Iraq, and thus will lead to an increase in local exports towards the world and this results in increasing domestic production and reducing unemployment rates and then targeting poverty in terms of employing the largest number of unemployed in institutions, companies and production factories In various specialties، The research tried to identify the role of exchange rates in their impact on poverty levels in Iraq and the most important findings of the research to a number of conclusions, perhaps the most prominent of which is the achievement of the objectives of economic policy of stability of currency exchange rates towards foreign currencies, especially the dollar, and achieve economic growth that works to reduce poverty levels in Iraq, and therefore the research recommends the need to maintain the value of the local currency from deterioration and develop economic policies aimed at working to increase productive capacities with the obligation of government agencies Responsible for the implementation of these policies by setting and setting a time frame for implementation and finding a method to ensure the effectiveness of application and follow-up implementation, and work to establish a database of individuals who are below the poverty line in order to create job opportunities for the unemployed labor force to reduce the phenomenon of poverty in Iraq.

This study aims to determine the impact of developing airports in general and Najaf Airport and the role of that development in the tourist attraction of the city of Najaf. The current study relies on the descriptive analytical approach in order to achieve the goal of the study, distributing a number of (100) questionnaires, of which 81 questionnaires were suitable for analysis, representing (81%) of the total study population. The data received were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26, to reach the results of the study. The study concluded that employees at Najaf Airport need to improve their level of wages and salaries while continuously developing their performance through intensive training courses, each in their specialty. In addition, the Najaf Airport administration needs to pay attention to environmental and security requirements and sustainability standards, as they have a prominent role in attracting tourists. There is a significant impact of the dimensions of the development of Najaf Airport on the tourist attraction of the city of Najaf. Based on the extracted results, a set of recommendations were developed, the most prominent of which is that the area surrounding the airport site should be sufficient to accommodate the auxiliary buildings that must be constructed in the future due to the noticeable or emergency expansions at the airport.

The economic misery index is one of the very important indicators in determining the general features of countries. It is used to determine the quality of macroeconomic performance and the extent of the economic well-being of citizens in Iraq, as it constitutes a source of concern and a problem that Iraq is not devoid of. Which led researchers to develop programs and plans to combat or reduce the severity of this indicator by finding appropriate solutions. The problem of the research lies in how the economic misery index affects the GDP variable at current prices in Iraq, as its impact in Iraq increases due to the economic conditions to which Iraq was exposed. The research is based on the hypothesis that there is an impact of the economic misery index on the GDP variable.
The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is an inverse relationship between the economic misery index and GDP growth. The study recommends developing economic strategies by working to increase investments and savings and addressing the problem of unequal income distribution. By creating a clear economic vision and addressing the imbalances that caused high levels of the economic misery index

The study of liquidity indicators and profitability indicators is of great importance to determine the bank's performance and to hedge against liquidity risks. Liquidity crises often occur that cause great risks to the bank and the banking system in general. The most important indicators of profitability have been relied upon, which is the return on equity, the return on assets and the return on investment as independent variables. The approved variables have been adopted, namely the legal and voluntary reserves and general reserves. The most important results have been reached, including the inverse relationship between profitability indicators and liquidity indicators, as well as on the importance and explanatory power. The importance of the legal reserve in its direct impact on the profitability of the bank, which gives priority to the central bank in implementing monetary policy through it, as well as to the importance of matching between liquidity and profitability

Dr. Naji Hassan is considered a pioneer of the historical Iraqi school whose origins are proven by the first generation, such as: Prof. Dr. Salih Ahmed Al-Ali, Prof. Dr. Abdel Aziz Al-Douri, and Prof. Dr. Muhammad Al-Hashemi (may God have mercy on them all). They provided the Arab Library with valuable historical studies on various topics thanks to their knowledge. The extensive on what is written and published in their field of specialization, and what was mentioned to the doctor of the compilations and manuscripts of Bayraa’a from the writings is a clear indication of the tip of the iceberg and a few of the many in various fields of culture, knowledge and science, it showed a sharp thought, intelligence, leadership and knowledge that is unparalleled, and accordingly we will mention what he wrote and wrote His pen of knowledge and knowledge of books and authors.

The current research aims to evaluate the Social Studies textbook for the fifth grade in light of education quality standards by addressing the following question:
To what extent do quality standards exist in the Social Studies textbook for the fifth grade?To achieve the research objective, the researcher adopted the descriptive method. The research population consisted of teachers who teach Social Studies, representing 25% of the total population. The research sample included 102 teachers.
The researcher then applied the final version of the questionnaire, which consisted of 82 standard indicators distributed across six domains. The collected data was statistically analyzed using the weighted mean and percentage weight.Based on the findings, the researcher evaluated the quality of the Social Studies textbook for the primary stage. The results indicated that the Social Studies textbook for the fifth grade meets the quality standards from the perspective of Social Studies teachers.
In light of these findings, the researcher drew several conclusions and recommendations and proposed several suggestions at the end of the study.

Various, including Investment in infrastructure of various kinds through Institutions Finance provides sufficient expertise In order to advance the status and progress of the Infrastructure, therefore Institutional investment has several characteristics Distinguish it from other Investments, except There are similarities between It and other Investments, so that the investment Is multiple Types in terms of origin, and Retail and personal among these Investments:individual

Environmental crimes are one of the most important crimes that have emerged recently, and that their spread was widespread due to the negative effects affecting the environment and the lives of living organisms alike, and the Iraqi legislator in turn adopted legal texts through which he aims to impose a penalty on anyone who attacks the environment or causes damage to it. The protection of the environment requires one of two things, which is either to prevent the causes of pollution or to combat the existing causes in order to restore the environmental balance and get rid of its effects, and to determine the extent to which the criminal confrontation of the environmental crime has been achieved, it is necessary to address its concept and nature first and then deal with its pillars and the penalty prescribed for it.

The state is unable to perform all its political, administrative, supervisory, etc. tasks on its own, so the state has become inclined to grant some independence to parts of the state’s territory and enable its residents to participate in managing their affairs themselves through representatives from the same region, meaning that the state distributes part of the administrative function related to organization. And from here arose the idea of transferring part of the powers and functions to elected local bodies that would carry them out independently while imposing a certain amount of oversight on them and keeping the main functions of matters related to the judiciary or security and others in the hands of the central authority in the state. As a culmination of what was presented, the Non-Governorates Law was issued. Regular Councils in a Region No. 21 of 2008, amended, which came in line with the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005, which abolished all local councils that existed before its issuance. The law referred to above granted the governorate councils that were not organized in a region several powers, including executive and supervisory ones, and they may sometimes be legislative, but As far as issuing instructions and internal regulations.

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the cognitive function representation strategy in achievement and the development of productive thinking among fifth-grade literary students in geography.
To verify this, the researcher adopted a quasi-experimental design and purposefully selected Al-Makasib High School for Boys in the center of Karbala Governorate as the research sample, which consisted of (69) students—(35) in the experimental group and (34) in the control group. The researcher ensured equivalence between the two groups in several variables.
The researcher formulated 100 behavioral objectives for the first and second semesters and prepared 24 teaching plans for both groups. The following statistical tools were used: t-test for independent samples (two-tailed), Pearson correlation coefficient for split-half reliability, Spearman-Brown equation, Chi-square, item difficulty index, and item discrimination index.
The study results indicated a statistically significant difference at the 0.05 significance level in favor of the experimental group, which was taught using the cognitive function representation strategy, compared to the control group, which was taught using the traditional method in developing productive thinking.
Based on this result, the researcher presented several conclusions and recommendations.

This study aims to know the concept of sociology linguistically and idiomatically through exposure to the definitions brought by Western critics and to what came up with the most prominent Arab critics.And its relationship to literature as well as its relationship to the novel; the literary text has been distinguished from other literary genres; it has been strongly linked to society and its life, which made it imagine the possible reality and the object, as well as we highlighted the most important concepts of the Goldman theory, Goldman proved that the essential relationship between social life and literary work is directly related to the mental structures on which social classes and the imagined world of the creator are based.

Bashar ibn Burd is a well – known Abbasid poet (b. 167H'820 A.D). He was born and grew up blind , but he was able to use his insight to compensate for his loss of sight.
He is one of the great poets of the Abbasid period . He was closely related to the Califate Al-Mahdi (158-169H,775-785A.D) who offered him protection and made him one of his confidantes .
He employed this defect in his poetic career, he wrote in various poetic purposes and excelled in the descriptive purpose which depends on sight.
Critics agreed that one of the finest lien in descriptive poetry was said by Bashar, and that is,
Cloud dust of battle over their heads and the glitter of
Our swords lighted the darkness like falling stars.

Running the research on the rival of some late grammarians from the existence of a difference between Al-Mubarrad’s issues in Al-Muqtabas, and the book by Al-Sibawayh, while we know that Al-Mubarrad says: (It was not possible for him after Sibawayh and knowledge from Ibn Othman in grammar) Dictionary of Literary Figures 108/7), Al-Mubarrad does not intend behind that a simple expansion on Sibawayh’s style to oppose it or criticize it, but rather he wrote Al-Muqtabas in an advanced period of his life, influenced by the book from one side, and proved some issues from another side, as the book was clearly for Al-Mubarrad the spring from which he quenched his thirst and was influenced by it since he contributed to contributing to it and in his expression the credit goes to Sibawayh’s knowledge, and it seems that these reasons were deliberate by some Kufians to plant reasons between the Basrans and the reasons for their accusation of Kufa

The current research aims to study the reality of employing e-learning in teaching the social studies curriculum from the point of view of subject teachers in the Holy Karbala Governorate.
Research Methodology: The researcher followed the descriptive analytical method as it is the most appropriate method in achieving the research objective.
Research community: The research sample consisted of middle school social teachers in the holy city of Karbala and the Hussainiya sector for the academic year (2021-2022).
Research tool: The researcher prepared the study tool after reviewing a group of studies and literature, where he prepared a questionnaire consisting of (20) paragraphs, which the researcher presented to a group of specialists and protectors to verify its validity.
Research results: The results of the current research showed that there is an employment of some aspects of e-learning in the educational process. The results of the research also showed a weakness in the capabilities and skills necessary for teachers for the continuation of e-learning in educational institutions.
Recommendations: The researcher recommended the necessity of holding training workshops and seminars that help develop teachers' skills in using e-learning and providing the necessary supplies for the sustainability of this type of education.

Poetry is a vast field for language and an important source of its rules. Due to the significance and status of poetry, we have chosen an outstanding poet whose poetry serves as the foundation for our study—namely, the distinguished poet Sayyid Mahdi Al-Husseini Al-Hilli. In our research, we examined the phenomenon of omission in his poetry.

Before the Arabs entered Egypt, the language was Coptic, and its official language was Greek. However, when the Arabs came and settled in it, they spread the Islamic religion and the Arabic language. It carried out Islamic and Arabic religious studies in Egypt, and soon the Arabic language spread until it became in the fourth century (AH) a language for all members of Egyption people. The Department of Islamic and Arabic culture in Egypt expanded until it was considered one of the important centres in the Islamic world. Students of knowledge used to visit it to gain more information and learn from its scholars. Thanks to the digestive power in Egypt of the scholars who came to Egypt, they spread their sciences and knowledge, their great contribution to scientific production. This led to the prosperity of the scientific movement in some cities and fields,to the extent that Egypt became a bearer of the Arab and Islamic culture banner, and from Egypt it took the other Arab and Islamic countries.
In addition to the interest of the Caliphs who contributed greatly to the care of science and scholars. The Fatimid caliphs were keen on books, acquired and the information of a wardrobe for books in their country, because the Ismaili da'wa depends mainly on theorizing and reading the books of the early ones.

The researcher aims to study the texts of the poet (Anwar Al-Attar) to show that the place is one of the most important elements that constitute the aesthetic of the literary text, and if the human being in general is associated with a deep bond with the place, the poet is more attached to it, because he is more profound and aware of its data, and more interactive with him and stronger influenced by him in his output, and this is what we have seen from poets throughout the ages, as they sang about the place, its ruins and its fields, so his love permeates their memory and conscience, even if they leave it, as he cannot leave The place in poetry is one of the most important elements that constitute the beauty of the text, and the place took multiple aesthetic aspects, employed by the poet to express intellectual, social and political positions, and it was necessary to clarify the image of the place and reveal its aesthetics through the poetry of Al-Attar, being it represents the honest experience with the place, we can touch it through the march of his life, his movement between cities, and his sense of alienation It can be noted that most of the poet's poems refer to the place, and the goal of the researcher, to reveal these aesthetics contained in the text, and the poet has used it to approximate the text, and influence the recipient.

The aim of the research is to provide knowledge about transparency and indicators and to measure the extent to which private banks apply the research sample to transparency indicators By analyzing the content of the financial reports of the sample research banks published in the Iraq Stock Exchange Where the results of analysis of the financial statements of the banks sample research listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period (2017-2018) that these banks apply transparency indicators, varying rates. But it is generally acceptable, as it reached the highest level of application of transparency indicators for the bank through Iraq for investment by (76%) and the lowest level of application of the indicators of transparency of Credit Bank of Iraq (65%) and the reason for this lack of legal obligation to apply.

Diminishing Musharakah financing is one of the forms of investment in Islamic banks, because it helps Islamic banks in operating their funds and obtaining good rates of return in light of participation in equal or different ratios with the capital in establishing a new project or contributing to an existing project, so that each participant becomes the owner of his share in the capital. The capital is permanently entitled to a share in the profits.
Although Diminishing Musharakah is an important method of financing in Islamic banks, it is characterized by the presence of several risks, including the risk of moral non-compliance, and the lack of intellectual awareness of Islamic transactions, as well as the risks that arise in the event that financing is not used for its specific purpose.
Diminishing Musharaka is characterized by the presence of several forms, including the agreement of the bank with the customer to determine the share of each of them in the capital of the partnership and its conditions, or the identification of the share of each of the bank and its partner in the company in the form of shares representing the value of the thing subject of the partnership.
As for the last picture, it is done through the bank’s agreement with its clients to participate in the total or partial financing of a project with an expected income
In order to define the role of diminishing musharakah in an Islamic bank, it is necessary to define the definition of diminishing musharakah first, and then define its most important forms and advantages, then clarify its most important conditions and methods of application, and finally it is necessary to identify the most important risks that entail and the effects that result when applying them.

The extent of the conflict between the leaders of the tribe of "Radiwan Allah, may God bless them" in the Golden Letter in Amrin:
The first is in relation to Imam al-Reza, and the second is in the validity of the documents after the acceptance of the validity of the relation to him.
As for the validity of the relation to him, most of the scholars went to the validity of the relation to him, the authors of al-Rajli books and the hadith and their relation to him have mentioned them, but as for the lack of mention of some of them, I, our companions, do not need to challenge the validity of the relation, as is the norm in the neighborhood.
And as for the validity of the chain of command, there are more signs of the weakness of the chain of chain, either by the weakening of the first narrator on the authority of the Imam, which is Muhammad bin Jumhor; For the sake of ignorance or for an individual, it is not the same as the others, but for the message to contain some of the topics, it is necessary for it to be issued by the imam, and such things will not be mentioned later. And in this article, we will correct the chain of transmission after proving the authenticity of the message's relationship to it, and address all the doubts and problems that I mentioned in weakening the chain of transmission, God willing..

The research analyzes the impact of foreign trade shocks on the balance of payments in Iraq, by studying fluctuations in oil prices and changes in the volume of exports and imports. How these shocks affect the balance of payments and other indicators such as the trade deficit is analyzed.
The results of the research shed light on the importance of diversifying revenue sources in Iraq in order to reduce the impact of trade shocks. The study shows that heavy dependence on oil exposes the Iraqi economy to great risks, and enhances the impact of price fluctuations. Accordingly, the research adopts a strategy that includes promoting economic diversification, improving payments management, and exploiting sectors other well deserved

It has become an urgent need to use electronic technology (applications) in the teaching and learning processes. This study aims to investigate the relationship between EFL teachers' evaluation of electronic groups and their job performance.
For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the study and addressing its variables, a questionnaire was used to collect information from (100) male and female EFL teachers; (50) males and (50) females. The questionnaire consists of two parts; the first part has five domains and (36) items to check the teachers' evaluation of the electronic groups, and the second part has three domains and (21) items to check teachers' job performance. Using the statistical package (SPSS), the study has come up with the findings that EFL teachers' use of electronic groups for educational purposes was not significant and that their job performance was significant.