Journal of Al-Farabi for Humanity Sciences (JFHS)

The bicameral system in Iraq refers to the system of government that consists of two separate legislative chambers, namely the House of Representatives and the Shura Council, where each of the two chambers has specific and separate powers and functions, and constitutionally they have an important role in legislating laws and monitoring the government in Iraq. The study aimed to explain the history and emergence of the two chambers in Iraq. And their development over time, analyzing the problems facing the work of the two councils in Iraq, and defining a concept for the constitutional freshness and its importance in the political system through the descriptive and analytical approach. The results may indicate that the formation of the two councils and their powers are consistent with the constitutional texts in Iraq, which enhances the legitimacy and constitutional freshness of them and contributes to the stability of the system. In addition, there is a need to strengthen the powers and functions of the two councils in Iraq to increase their role in decision-making, oversight, and strengthening democracy

This study is manifested within the quantitative count, by showing how repetitive linguistic structures are used according to the different contexts and layers of the discourse, and the quantitative count is an important linguistic input, and a key to realising repetition as a deliberative technique in the context of the discourse act, based on the concepts of the theories formulated within the deliberative theory.Hence, this study came in the repetitive turn in the grammatical discourse of Ibn Iyaz, with his analyses and interpretations in the language of contemporary linguistic research, in the form of deliberative theory, and with the arguments he deposited that correspond to what came (Austin) in his research on the achieving power of discourse, and the subsequent developments and other theories in the analysis of language. Therefore, it became clear during the research that the grammatical discourse of Ibn Iyaz is not only a descriptive object or tool, nor a structural sign of the data of news and expression, but also a productive analysis of repetitive grammatical structures in linguistic usage within their different contexts.Keywords: (repetition, emphasis, post-declarative, post-directive)

ABSTRACT
The unemployment in Iraq is one of the most complicated phenomena of which the Iraqi economy suffers. It reflects the weakness and disability in the structures of the plans and performance , on which the state's concerned authorities depend , especially in the fields of production and development programs .In fact , this was occurred because of the wrong planning policies which can be seen clearly on actions of privatization of the public sector and huge waste of the public wealth on the expenditures of military and security services , while the rest of the development fields and factors , such like human resources and others ,were ignored ,almost completely. The economical embargo, which was imposed on the country for many decades , and the great changes happened during and within the occupation activities , such like the cancellation of most of the original state's structures and deterioration of the security situation , helped in speeding the growth of plenty of crisis, among them, is the unemployment .It is a real crisis, effects negatively on the society ,economically and socially , and should not be left without quick and serious searches for solutions.Key word: The unemployment

Abstract:
While the international community seeks to punish the perpetrators of war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity, the crime of aggression, and serious violations of international conventions, some countries strive to search for legal immunity for their citizens to prevent them from international courts to hold them accountable for these crimes using various means and pretexts from these countries. The United States of America -one of these countries- has taken the SOFAs as a means to immunize its citizens by the interpretation of Article 98 of the International Criminal Court system Security.This paper sheds light on these agreements, their types, their legal nature, the persons covered by their provisions and jurisdiction, as well as the search for legal immunity through the Security Council. Key wordsSOAF- immunity- Jurisdiction- Sending country- Receiving country

As for this research, I have explained the approach of Imam Ibn Rushd (may God have mercy on him) in his book, Introductions and Introductions, and it consists of three sections: As for the first topic: The approach of Imam Ibn Rushd (may God have mercy on him) in interpretation, it includes six demands, including the first requirement: interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an. The second: Interpretation of the Qur’an according to the Sunnah. As for the third requirement: Interpretation of the Qur’an according to the sayings of the Companions, may God be pleased with them. As for the fourth requirement: Interpretation of the Qur’an according to the sayings of the Followers. As for the fifth requirement: Interpretation by opinion and diligence. As for the requiremen Sixth: Interpretation in Arabic As for the second topic: The approach of Imam Ibn Rushd (may God have mercy on him) in the sciences of the Qur’an, it includes four topics, including the first topic: the reasons for the revelation, the second topic: the science of readings, the third topic: the abrogated and abrogated, and the fourth topic: the Meccan And the civil As for the third topic: The approach of Imam Ibn Rushd (may God have mercy on him) in other sciences, it includes three requirements, including the first requirement: his approach to belief, the second requirement: his approach to legal rulings, and the third requirement: his approach to the principles of jurisprudence Finally, I say that it is only the effort of the heart, for if I do good from God, and if I do evil, it is from myself.

Abstract
Praise be to Allah, the One, the Unique, the Eternal, who begets not, nor is He begotten, and there is none like unto Him. And peace and blessings be upon the noblest of creation and the beloved of truth, our master Muhammad, peace be upon him.Indeed, Allah has established the universe on justice, and He is not pleased with injustice and oppression. One of the means of establishing the truth is through bearing witness to an event, statement, or right of another. Testimony is clear evidence through which the hidden or concealed truth can be revealed.One form of testimony is testimony by hearing, or testimony by observation, or testimony by reputation. After studying this topic, I will summarize the most important points I have reached:

The violations of Imam Al-Sarkhasi (d. 490 AH) to Imam Al-Shafi’i (d. 204 AH) in his book Al-Mabsoot (The Book of Fasting) (The ruling on a menstruating woman if she purifies during some of the day as an example) (A comparative jurisprudential study) University of Tikrit, College of Education for the Humanities, Department of Qur’anic Sciences, researcher Mayada Kazem Mohsen Hammad Al-Bayati and Prof. Dr. Arkan Abdul Latif Mahmoud Al-Jubouri, Tikrit University, College of Education for Humanities, Department of Qur’anic Sciences

Abstract
tamahwir alhadaf alrayiysii lilbahth hawl tawzif jamie almuashirat alayjabit almuhadadat alati tatadamanuha mafahim alaistidamat alhadariati, biaietibariha aihdaf mutahaqiqatan ealaa aljawanib alaijtimaeiat walaiqtisadiat walbiyiyati, waealaa alraghm min duef fi tanfidh almukhatatat alasasiat lilmudun min khilal altaghayur almustamiri fi aistiemalat alarid waltadakhul ma bayn hadhih alaistiemalat kama mawjud fi almukhatat alasasa, mimaa 'athar bishakl salbiin ealaa 'abead altanmiat alhadariati. tanawal albahth waqie aistiemalat al'ard , bihadaf 'iilaa 'iijad tawazun bayn aistiemalat al'ard wamuakabat tazayud alsukaan mae alhifaz ealaa muqadarat al'ajyal alqadimati, walimaerifat madaa kafa'at alkhadamat almuqadamat lisukaan almadinawalimaerifat dawr aladarat alhadariat fi madinat almajar alkabir waishamatiha fi alnumui alhadarii lilmadinat waqlimiha litaslit aldaw' ealaa tabieat eamal aladarat alhadariat fiha watahdid almashakili, wamin thama wade almuqtarahat alati qad tushim fi muealajat almushkilat wahadha al'amr la yatahaqaq 'iilaa 'iidha hadath tawazun bayn tasawurat aljihat al'iidariat waltakhtitiat fi almadinat almajlis albaladiu 'aw aldawlatu, watasawurat sukaan tilk almadinat almatlub altakhtit alhadriu laha w ealaa 'an takun hadhih aljuhud muqayadatan bimuraeaat alqawaeid wal'usus aleilmiat liaistiemalat al'arda.tusi aldirasat bialaihtimam bialtawajuh fi tahqiq takhtit hadariin yuafir mudun mulayimatan lileaysh bitazafur jamie aljuhud min qibal aljihat dhat alealaqat , wakadhalik alhifaz ealaa biyat almadinat min altalawuth min khilal 'iidrak albaladiat waldawayir al'ukhraa li'akhdh dawriha fi alhifaz ealaa albiyati..

Abstract
Legal protection for plant varieties The subject of legal protection for plant varieties with the advent of the industrial revolution and what it exploited from plant innovations in several industries and the most important uses were in the pharmaceutical industry and due to the large number of attacks, theft and robbery against the owners and creators of these works, which necessitated the provision of legal protection from abuse and for briefing of this subject in all its legislative, legal and international aspects, we divided our research into two studies. In the first, we dealt with the definition of plant varieties, and in the second, we discussed the criminal penalties prescribed for the protection of plant worksPollution ,Thebotanicalvariety ,Elicitor, Protection ,The environment

Introduction
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, praise His thankful servants, who remember Praise be to Allah who will grant His blessings to us and reward His more, and I pray and greet Him for the mercy bestowed upon us, and the grace bestowed, the beloved of truth and the Messenger of Creation, our master Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and his family and companions and those who were guided by His guidance, and enlightened His Sunnah and followed His path until the Day of Judgment. The differences in some doctrinal issues between Islamic doctrines and intellectual currents, especially with regard to the same God and His attributes, have taken a large area of theology and the conflict between the owners of these speech groups in an era of the history of this science has become prevalent in its meaning, until the dominant feature of theology when launched by the general public is these divisions and differences between Islamic sects and sects, so they limited its great comprehensive meaning to one of its topics, or one of its aspects, or A manifestation of its manifestations, forgetting its main function in defending the Islamic faith and countering the suspicions of violators by establishing mental evidence that refutes their slanders and flimsy lies, so it weakened in people its impact, and shrunk in life its good, and marred many of its impurities concepts, which made the task difficult for reformist preachers and renewed scholars

ABSTRACT
This research, titled (The Cosmic Verses in Ibn Badis’ Interpretation (Surat Al-Isra), deals with an analytical study of the methodological steps adopted by Ibn Badis in interpreting the cosmic verses in Surat Al-Isra, which is represented in identifying the cosmic verses and then analyzing them according to a solid scientific methodology. What is more beautiful and greater than science related to the words of the Most Gracious - Glory be to Him? - Due to the importance of this topic, and as part of my contribution to linking the nation to the Book of its Lord at a time when it needs a light to illuminate the paths that have been darkened by misguidance, and the suspicions of misguided and deviant people are standing at its doorstep, trying to distance the nation from the beacon of guidance,As a torch of light that shines in the darkness, this research was a humble attempt to explain the miracle of this dear book, and the sign of its glory through one of the contributions of contemporary commentators Abdel Hamid Ibn Badis under the title: “The Universal Verses in Ibn Badis’ Interpretation (Surat
Al-Isra) An Analytical Study

Summary
The current research aims to identify the effect of the two-star and security strategy on the achievement of chemistry among second-year intermediate students. To achieve this goal, an experimental design with partial control was adopted, where the research population was identified in the second-intermediate students of all government secondary and intermediate day schools, affiliated with the Second Karkh Education Directorate - Baghdad Governorate, from which Al-Rashid Middle School for Boys was chosen to be the research sample, which numbered (61) students. Equivalence was conducted for the two research groups in the variables (intelligence test, previous achievement, chronological age in months, previous information test), and an achievement test consisting of (40) items was constructed. Multiple choice, and its validity and reliability were found, as well as all its psychometric properties were found through its exploratory application. After conducting the experiment, the achievement test was applied at the end, and it was concluded that “there is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average grades of the control group who studied according to the usual method and the average grades of the experimental group who studied according to the two-star and security strategy.” Achievement test for chemistry, for the benefit of the

Abstract
The people of ancient Yemeni are regarded as one of most remarkable peoples in the ancient Arab Peninsulas in terms of civilization status. This is due to the geographic position and the superfluous wealth they enjoyed. That helped them to show the variety of Yemeni civilization production because of that position they were able to establish many kingdoms. That motivated us to study the daily life of the people of Yemen and the most important issue they perform in their daily life including etymology, social, religious, agricultural, industrial and trade life.Kew words: The Daily Life , Ancient Yemen

Abstract
Grammar is the science of correcting the language, so it is natural for its scholars to be interested in grammatical analysis, reasoning, reasoning, and inference, and all the means that lead to preserving the language, and because the Holy Qur’an is the eternal book of God, and the miracle of His Messenger Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, which does not perish forever, and it is a book. The verses are regular, the words are intertwined, there is no contradiction, contradiction, or contradiction in it. All of its reports are true, and all of its rulings are fair. The attention of scholars has focused on it and they have devoted themselves to studying it in order to explain every aspect of its writing and reading and to prove that there is no contradiction between what is in it and the rules of Arabic. Hence, they tended to grammatical reasoning as a cognitive method that helps understanding and learning. Grammatical studies are separate from these sciences, as they used reasoning from the beginning She created it, and made him her helper. To explain its phenomena, rules, and rulings, it is its persuasive means of confirming those phenomena and rulings. The diligent nature of reasoning also encouraged grammarians to make reasoning a field in which their mental abilities and intellectual energies competed in producing reasons by which they linked linguistic reality and the grammatical rule, and reasoning was born. To be a gateway to communication between the intellectual linguistic system built in the form of rational judgments and rules, and on the basis of that, their preferences were given to grammatical issues after knowing the reason, and among them was the scholar Imam Ibn Masum, who is one of the greatest grammarians of his time, and from here I chose the topic of my research to be: Evidence based on the Qur’an in Riyadh al-Salikeen by Ibn Masum al-Madani.key words:Grammar, grammatical analysis, inference, linguistic reality

ABSTRACT
Praise be to Allah as He commanded, and peace and blessings be upon the Master of mankind. After that:
This is a research on one of the important blessings that is not hidden from the Muslim, which is the blessing of concealment. I spoke in it about the definition of concealment, its types and benefits; so that the Muslim learns how to preserve this blessing.This blessing has a balance that increases and decreases and may run out. The most important reasons for the depletion of this balance are: the Muslim not concealing himself and openly committing sins, not concealing his brothers and following their faults, feeling safe from Allah’s punishment, and repeating the sin. One of these reasons is enough to deplete the balance of concealment.It is from the mercy of Allah that He places in our path reminders of situations, or passing advice, or something that draws our attention, so that we may preserve the balance of concealment, which is related to all blessings.So beware of the depletion of blessings and the occurrence of calamities, and do not feel secure from the continuity of concealment.Finally, I ask God Almighty that this work be sincere for His sake, and that it be in accordance with the Sunnah of His Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds.

Abstract:
The study is to investigate the idea of artificial intelligence (AI) and its several forms. Additionally, it draws attention to the advantages and disadvantages of its application in the travel industry as well as how it raises the standard of services offered to travelers everywhere. Modern research factors should be examined to learn how they relate to one another and how they might help the tourism industry by making tasks easier to do, increasing revenue, and improving service delivery. Managers and experts from the tourism authority are included in the study sample. Keywords: Quality of Tourism Services, Artificial Intelligence

Abstract
Creed, or faith, constitutes the essence of Abrahamic religions, serving as the core principle guiding the beliefs and directives followed by their adherents. The role of creed in enhancing intellectual security and social peace is crucial for the stability and peaceful coexistence of societies. Creed plays a fundamental role in promoting these aspects in the major Abrahamic religions.Abrahamic creeds provide a values framework that encourages goodness and justice. These creeds foster an understanding of essential human ethics and values, such as love, mercy, and justice. The emphasis on these values establishes peaceful coexistence and mutual respect as the foundation for social relationships.Abrahamic creeds promote mutual understanding and encourage the concept of tolerance. Through teachings on tolerance and respect for diversity, these creeds contribute to the creation of a society that accepts religious and cultural differences with a spirit of cooperation and peace.Furthermore, Abrahamic creeds advocate for rationality and moderate thinking in addressing life issues, helping to avoid extremism and rigidity. This approach contributes to stability and peace in societies.The emphasis on serving others and participating in community building is another significant aspect of Abrahamic creeds. This fosters a sense of social responsibility, leading to the achievement of balance and justice in society.Abrahamic creeds provide a framework for reflection and contemplation, aiding in the development of a strong intellectual foundation for individuals. Encouraging knowledge-seeking and critical thinking helps mitigate the impact of harmful ideas, contributing to the enhancement of intellectual security for individuals.

The subject of developing industrial standardization mechanisms and the developmental balance of industrial patterns in Babil Governorate is one of the important topics in the geographical-industrial studies, as it aims to show the foundations of how standardization mechanisms are developed and determined, through the study of the natural and human geographical capabilities, because it helps to highlight the spatial developmental balance models of these patterns After searching and extracting the results for the spatial statistical analysis, the impact of the relative distribution of the natural and human determinants influencing the development of profiling mechanisms for the industrial geographical reality in Babil Governorate was analyzed and determined. As follows: (20,4,19,6,14), respectively Using the sspsV22 statistical program, the percentages of concentration in the districts of the food types were as follows: (1,1, 1,0, 1,2, 0,3)%, and the spatial utilization rates for the food industrial type were recorded as follows: (21, 28, 32 (23,10, 27, 38%), and through statistical programs, the relative values of the endemic coefficient, the analysis of the nearest neighbor index, the level of industrial profiling, the degree of developmental balance, the degree of convergence and their geographical distribution were extracted, as the industrial food pattern came (0.51, 70, 63, 3, 75,4) respectively, and because of the spatial suitability and geographical nature, the food industrial pattern came to the degree of standardization, the degree of innovation, the degree of development balance, the districts and the various industrial patterns (0,77, 0,55, 0,72) (Hillah, Al-Hashimiyya, Al-Musayyib, and Al-Mahaweel) Using the developmental economic measurement software EVIEWS 12 in Babil Governorate, the equilibrium and participatory digital ratios, development efficiency, the development integration ratio, and the economic growth rate for industrial patterns, as the balance ratio, the participatory ratio, the development efficiency ratio, the development integration ratio, and the economic growth rate for the industrial patterns activities of the Hilla district center were recorded as follows (2, (5, 1,5,12,7,0,46,0,43)%, respectively, using the developmental economic measurement software EVIEWS 12, which indicates the size of the links and the links of the complementary reciprocal equilibrium between the industrial patterns, and thus finding a state of developmental equilibrium between the governorate districts , which is industrially efficient and economical The results help the competent authorities, academic and industrial institutions, and governmental and private departments to think about preparing spatial development models.Keywords: profiling, industrial, mechanisms, developmental balance, industrial patterns.

Al-Harith al-Muhasibi is considered one of the most prominent Sufis, as he talked about common morals in the folds of his book Risala al-Mustarshidin, and among those morals that al-Muhasibi spoke about is the creation of honesty and the creation of patience, where al-Muhasibi detailed them and explained their origin, stating that honesty is the origin and patience is a branch of it, and al-Muhasibi extracted his account. This is from the Holy Qur’an and the Noble Sunnah, and the Sufis agreed with it, as they counted this as a minute in explaining the forms of creation.
Keywords: honesty, patience, Al-Harith Al-Muhasibi, the message of the guides.

Our joint research titled ((The opinion of the interpreters of the Qur’an regarding the Almighty’s saying: (For each of you We have given a law and a method)) Al-Ma’idah: Verse 48, and the comparison between divine and man-made laws - a comparative study)), we consider it to be one of the most important studies in our time, as it is like the fresh water in which We quench our thirst, and purify our minds and thoughts with it in order to obtain the satisfaction of our Creator, Almighty God, who created us and enlightened us and human societies with this great law and method. Therefore, it is regrettable that many Muslims and human societies have neglected the importance of Islamic legislation in their lives from all social, economic and political aspects. God Almighty, who created them, has sent to them the prophets and messengers, peace and blessings be upon them, and with them the laws and methods. The Almighty said: (Do you think that We created you? In vain, and you will not be returned to Us.) The Believers: Verse 115, that is for the sake of making us happy in this world and the hereafter, and the interpreters of the Noble Qur’an, “may God have mercy on them,” have explained for us the words of God Almighty: (For each of you We have given a law and a method) Al-Ma’idah: Verse 48, with the clearest interpretations and meanings possible. He understood it with complete clarity and the unintentional oversight that occurred in the word “comparison” in the title, and we found it necessary to note it, by replacing it with the word “difference.” This was our approach during the research, in the fifth section, of the second section - entitled “The Difference Between Heavenly legislation and man-made laws. So we ask God Almighty for pardon and well-being. God Almighty said: (And God knows best what you describe.) Joseph: Verse 77. We have divided our labeled research into the contents, then the introduction, then the two sections and its demands, then the conclusion, the most important results and recommendations, the most important sources and references, then this summary. In Arabic and English, and God grant us success

Summary
Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the one who sent him as a mercy to the worlds, our master and imam, Muhammad, his family and companions, and those who follow them in goodness until the Day of Judgment.As for after Alright, alright, alright, alright, alright, alright, right In this context, this talk comes about the subject of electronic money zakat, which is an idea for a new inventor whose aim is to make fast and extremely fast financial transactions with the rapid development of commercial transactions. Current information at the present time In the current stage of the transitional stage between paper dealing and electronic dealing, they represent information in the field of communications, computers, and information sciences via the Internet, so that technology, its sciences, its science, its science, its science, and its sign is the beginning of the developments of the first stage in the field of information technology and the start of its operation in electronics , successive Nabateans. A modern and direct trademark appeared from a sign, a sign, a sign, a sign, a sign, a sign, a sign, a sign, I attended jurisprudence, the ancients, and I will try to find out the rule of zakat in public money and the controls that our scholars mentioned for zakat in general in public money for both groups of Jurists and later scholars Keywords: zakat, money, digital

Summary
Despite the widespread circulation of the Law of Will, it sparked a jurisprudential debate about the legal basis on which the Law of Will was based. Various theories of jurisprudence emerged as a basis for applying the Law of Will in contractual obligations, including the personal theory and the objective theory

The current research summarizes the extent of the use of modern technologies for the subject of the Holy Qur’an and Islamic education for the preparatory stage, and the aim of the research is to:-The first objective: Identify the modern techniques used in teaching the Holy Quran and Islamic education from the point of view of middle school students.The second objective: To identify the differences in the modern techniques used in teaching the Holy Qur’an and Islamic education in the preparatory stage at a significance level of (005) according to the variables (gender, grade, field of study).To achieve the second goal, the researcher used the Statistical Portfolio for Social Sciences (SPSS) for the purpose of processing statistical data and extracting results:
1. One-sample chi-square test (x²).
2. Cronbach Alpha Formula: (Cronbach Alpha Formula).
3. Weighted mean to determine the degree of use of modern technologies.
4. The percentage weight of the paragraph to determine the relative importance of the modern technologies used.
5. T-test for two independent

Abstract
The political change in Iraq after the invasion on 9 April 2003 resulted in the creation of a unique kind of media that was clearly encouraged by US occupying forces and characterised by partisan affiliation and personal loyalties. Most of the media outlets have become politicians' mouthpieces for promoting their ideas and projects, or even for attacking rivals. Consequently, the public became confused and unaware of the actual news because every channel or outlet incorporated the news from its personal, religious or political views. The study utilizes a descriptive research design (a survey) aiming to analyse the assessment of the role of the Iraqi media in shaping the attitudes of the Iraqi public towards the issue of sectarianism from the elites’ perspectives. The paper concludes that the majority of the media, and in particular the satellite TV networks, have certain ideological and religious patterns. Iraqi media organisations transmit and publicise concepts that encourage sect incitement without much concern about how to solve doctrinal problems.Key words: Iraqi media, Iraqi elites, descriptive analysis, stability

This research handles the novel of Ahmed Khalid Tawfik Utopia from sociological perspective using the theory of conflict of Carl Marx to prove the point of view and the principal theme which consider the economic factor as the most damaging and fatal to destroy the social unity and texture especially if this economic system is aided and patronized by the government and when the later policies serve certain minority of citizens while neglecting and forsaken the majority.The writer presents his futuristic predictions of the social, political and economical situations of Egypt in 2023 when he was in 1985.He predicts a strong religious and moral decline and corruptions of Egypt in 2023 throughout simple and interested events of Utopian It is dystopian novel that revolves around the far distance between the two social classes which leads to the declines in the economic situations. The absence of the middl class leads to remain only the extremely prosperous class and the extremely poor one .As a result this will creat apparent vacuum laying the country to the edge of collapse.This study deals with the declining of the society from sociological point of view focusing on the economic element and its role in shaping and guiding this society.
Sociologists always intend to consider, analyze, and/or explain objects of social reality from a sociological perspective.They target to comprehend our knowledge of the contemporary world .Conflict theory achieves this goal throughout grasping the transformation from classical communities to contemporary.Before the the nineteenth Century ,the social theories were extremely narrative and shaped in a story like to support the existence of ethnics and recommend the moral manners.According to this criterion and using conflict theory ,this research produces the hypotheses of lacking morality and ethics is enough to demolish and destroy a whole society and the existence of these moral and ethical manners is enough to build and rebirth great and perfect nation ,which appears clearly throughout the events of the novel how is the fall of ethics destroys the two classes of the society the Utopian and the marginalized communities; therefore class conflict is capable of destroying the nation socially, politically, and economically, leading to its imminent collapse, both humanly and morally. Likewise, eliminating class conflict is an imminent factor in the prosperity of nations and the spread of peace, security, and safety among the people of one nation.Key words: conflict, class,,ideology, utopia, dystopian, Egyptian Science fiction,Marx,sociological, interest.

summary:
Freedom of expression means the ability of an individual to express his opinions and ideas freely, regardless of the method the person uses, whether newspapers, magazines, direct speech, or through cinema, radio, television, etc.Freedom to express opinion is a criterion for measuring democracy in all societies. It cannot be said that this society is democratic without the ruling regime providing a high degree of protection for the expression of opinions. Therefore, this right has been recognized in constitutions, statutory laws, and all international and regional human rights declarations. Without the freedom to express one's opinion, other freedoms could be violated and lost, and the individual would not be able to defend them.

Globalization and the revolution of Internet applications, especially, the specialized websites and social networking media , have led to the prevalence of the phenomenon of cosmetic surgery among women, especially young university women, as a result of being influenced by movie stars and social media celebrities. This phenomenon has led to an obsession with beauty and cosmetics surgery on a large scale, regardless of the resulting health, psychological, economic and social effects. This research studies this phenomenon in terms of causes and effects.It represents an important topic in the modern understanding of digital communication and its impact on health education. There may be several aspects worth studying in this area:Quality of content: Do specialized websites include accurate and reliable content about plastic surgery, or do they provide exaggerated or incorrect information?The effect of content on awareness: How does the content of websites affect female students’ awareness of plastic surgery? Does it increase their understanding of the risks and benefits, or encourage them to use these services without prior thought?Social and psychological factors: Are there social or psychological factors that increase female students’ reliance on these sites? Such as beauty pressures, the psychological effects of the media, or cultural and social trendsHealth and psychological effects: Is there an impact on female students’ health or psychology due to their use of websites specialized in cosmetic surgery? Such as increased anxiety or psychological stress.Future trends: What are the future trends of female students’ reliance on these sites? Will demand for beauty services increase in general? How can universities and health institutions channel these trends positively?Studying these aspects may open doors to a deeper understanding of female students’ relationship with specialized websites and how it affects their awareness of plastic surgery, which can contribute to directing health policies and health education effectively.key words:cosmetic surgeries - specialized sites - university students - beauty obsession - raising awareness.

Summary
Fulfilling something of the right of our scholars over us in honoring their virtues and taking from the sea of their abundant knowledge, and to illustrate the efforts of one of our distinguished scholars, I wrote my research titled: (The Efforts of Sheikh Yunus Ibrahim Al-Ta’i Al-Mawsili in readings and teaching methods), as Sheikh Yunus is one of the most prominent Sheikhs of readings in Mosul. In the name of the owner of a school referred to as “Al-Banaan”, it is an extension of the school of Sheikh Al-Jawadi, and he is one of the few who preserved Al-Jawadi’s approach in reading, so it was necessary to write about him and his efforts, and to clarify the position of this scholar who had the lead in spreading this science at the level of Iraq and the Arab world. He was a pioneer in investing in the media as a means to publish many television episodes on Iraqi and Libyan television.The most important findings of the researc For a good family and upbringing on piety, righteousness, and love of the Noble Qur’an and its people, this had a great impact on Sheikh Yunus Ibrahim Al-Ta’i’s Quranic personality since his early childhood. Accurately, tuning and mastering 'and had scientific outputs in authorship, as his author was (Al-Jami' al-Mufid Ahkam al-Tajweed), It represents the summary of his lectures in the science of Tajweed, where his style was distinguished by the easy and abstaining, and the reason for its ease is due to the fact that he mainly targeted beginners, being a teacher for middle and middle school students. He has preceded many reciters of Quran teaching programs, such as Dr. Ayman Sweid's programs. Keywords: efforts, qira'ati, Yunus, Al-Ta’i, teaching methods, the Qur’an

Research Summary
Despite what is happening in today's contemporary (technological) world, which is full of machines and electronics, and all kinds of tremendous technologies, the specter of poverty still looms over millions, and famines continue to strike large groups of the world's poor, as news sources announce about what is happening in Africa, for example. For example, even in Islamic countries that are among the rich countries.When we make a comparison between the economic conditions of today’s world and yesterday, during the government of the Noble Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, despite the recent experiencee and the simple economic conditions, we find that there was a great abundance of money and grains, and the specter of poverty was not seen by anyone except a few. . Hence this modest research came as a presentation of some aspects of economics in Medina society during the era of the Prophet. Its material was divided into four topics: The first requirement: the commercial aspect of the city The second requirement: the industrial aspect of the city The third requirement: the agricultural aspect of the city Fourth requirement: Relationships between the components of society It concluded with the most important results, which are: The reforms and advice of the Great Messenger included all aspects of the economy in Medina. One of their effects was the development and prosperity of the Medina community, demographically and urbanly, and was followed by the organization of mutual relations between its members, which provided them with the means of a prosperous and secure living.

Abstract
In the beginning, there are no texts regulating the state’s right to refuse relief, but this issue is subject to the general texts regulating the state’s right to consent, for example when referring to the text of Article (70) of the First Additional Protocol and Article (18/Article 2) of the Second Additional Protocol related to Humanitarian relief operations, all of which constitute a set of rules and provisions relating to the subject of humanitarian relief, find that in the event that the civilian population is not provided with sufficient basic supplies, humanitarian and impartial relief work must be carried out and conducted without any adverse discrimination, but these operations are subject to the approval of (The country concerned with relief work) meaning that approval is required before any relief work is carried out.Keywords : humanitarian relief, war and disasters, international humanitarian law.

Abstract:
Iraqi satellite channels are considered one of the most significant mediums for conveying political information and events in the country. They play a prominent role in shaping the perspectives of youth and enhancing their engagement in political life. This research aims to survey the opinions of Iraqi youth regarding the use of satellite channels and their impact on their political awareness. It analyzes the level of interest among youth in political issues through Iraqi satellite channels and measures their influence on political awareness. This study comes within the context of the importance of building political awareness among Iraqi youth, emphasizing the crucial role of Iraqi satellite channels in this regard. Finally, practical recommendations are provided to enhance political awareness among Iraqi youth.
Keywords: Iraqi satellite channels, political awareness, youth.

Depriving women of their share in inheritance is a common image in our Arab societies, and this act of deprivation entails a civil and legal responsibility when the elements required by the law are available in terms of error, damage, and causal relationship, and this responsibility is adapted as a liability arising from the wrongful act, but it is exceptional in some Its provisions, as well as it tightens when the money subject to deprivation perishes or is lost or destroyed, whether by infringement by the perpetrator of the deprivation act or without transgression, so that the perpetrator of the deprivation can not dispose of it by proving the foreign cause except in the case of proven wrong. This responsibility in certain cases is collective, especially when the money subject of the deprivation of the inheritance is seized or destroyed by others while it is under the possession of the perpetrator of the act of deprivation, where the law gives the person deprived of the inheritance an increase in the security the right of recourse to others in addition to the perpetrator of the act of deprivation

hadafat aldirasat alhaliat ala maerifuh ( dar' almufsidat almuqadamat ealaa almustajadaat "dirasat fiqhayh 'usuliat maqasidiatan hadithatan" ) almaqsud bidir' almafasid dafaeaha takhiruha wa'iizalataha, walakinaha tuearid mufsidatan wasalhatan, fadafae almufsadat muqadimatan fi alghalibi, 'iilaa 'an takun almufsidat maghlubatan; walidhalik li'ana aietinaa' alsharae bitark almunhiat waietina' aietimad al'umurat lima yataratab ealaa almanahi min darar alshaarie almunafi lihukm fi alnahi, 'amaa qawluna 'usuliat rujueiha ( alqaeiduh alfiqhia ) 'iilaa almasayil alasuliat waldalil alraabie wahu alqias wakadhalik maqasid lan hi eunsur faeaal fi eilm alfiqh wasulihi.

Abstract
Carson McCullers is an American author who demonstrated her artistic premise during the 1940s from an early age. She is mostly depicted as being interested in the closer realms of experience than in social affairs. She dwells upon the influences and consequences of regional problematic strata reflected in the Southern individual's suffering and alienation as a basic background to almost all her stories. As an initiator of the Southern Gothic literature, McCullers tends to construct a very distinctive framework of fiction, dealing mostly with the intrinsic horror of the personal that lie beyond the usual Gothic sense of public dreadfulness. Through meticulous analysis of McCullers's seminal novel, The Heart is a Lonely Hunter; the study explores McCullers' replenishment of the Southern Gothic and her endeavor to examine the residuals of the social and political predicaments implanted into the Southern individual's psyche.Keywords: Carson McCullers, The Heart is a Lonely Hunter, the Southern Gothic and the individual dilemma.

Abstract
(Among the means The aim of the research is to study the means that the Holy Qur’an has explained in deceiving people from one another, and to try to extract as many useful lessons as possible that can be adopted in advocacy or behavior.Reasons for choosing the topic:
1 - Seduction has become widespread in society, especially in light of the development of social media, the diversity of temptations, and their rise in quantity and quality.
2 - The absence of self-discipline for many people, or they are greatly influenced by temptation and are driven into it, and some of them belittle sins and forget their long-term impact and dangerous effects.
Among the most important results:
1. Temptation: ignorance of a corrupt belief that leads to misbehavior and doing something that will have a bad outcome.
2. Seducers cooperate with each other to strengthen each other’s backs and lead one another astray, whether the seducer is a devil or a human devil.
3. It is necessary to prevent mixing with bad brothers.

Research Methodology
This research adopted a comparative approach, as it balanced the legal constants and the International Monetary Fund loans and their conditions, to reach the results.Search goal:Learn about the legal ruling on borrowing from the International Monetary Fund.Previous studies:Many articles were written in newspapers and websites about the International Monetary Fund. As for previous university studies, I found the following studies:
1 - The role of the International Monetary Fund in solving the debt problem in developing countries:A research submitted by two students: Kenaida Zuleikha and Saker Mohammed Al-Arabi to the Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management at the University of Mohammed Khaidar, Biskra, Algeria, in the year 2005/2006 AD. The research found that the International Monetary Fund contributed to solving the problems of developing countries in general, and Algeria in particular This research differs from ours in, among other things:a. The research glorifies the role of the International Monetary Fund, and thus contradicts our research hypotheses that the International Monetary Fund is a colonial tool.B. The research is from specialized economic research, while our research is from Islamic economic research.2 - The role of the International Monetary Fund in influencing the country’s political and economic decisions (1989-2017 AD) Jordan Case Study:Research submitted by Tariq Sami Hanna Fakhoury to the Middle East University, in Jordan in 2018 AD. The research concluded that the International Monetary Fund influences the political decisions of the countries to which it provided financial and technical support.This research differs from our research, among other things, in that it is a research in political science, although it shares with our research in its approval of the intervention of this fund in the capabilities of countries.
3 - Estimating the demand function for a number of basic commodities imported into Iraq in light of the International Monetary Fund reforms:
A master’s thesis submitted to the Council of the College of Administration and Economics / University of Baghdad by the student: Ishraq Talib Hadi in the year 1439 AH - 2018 AD.
The research concluded that the International Monetary Fund\'s conditions affected imported goods, and that it encouraged importing instead of manufacturing.
This research differs from ours in that it is a purely economic study, and is limited to its impact on the import of some goods only.
4 - The International Monetary Fund and its effects on national economies - an Islamic vision:A doctoral dissertation by the researcher submitted to the College of Islamic Sciences at the Iraqi University in 2022 AD.
Search structure:The research requirements necessitated dividing it into two sections after this introduction:
The first section: Introduction to the International Monetary Fund.The second topic: the legal ruling on international loans.Then the conclusion of the research. In conclusion, I ask God, Blessed and Most High, to grant us sincerity in word and deed, and to follow His Book and the Sunnah of His Prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace) in a pure manner free from deviation, and to protect us from missteps and the pitfalls of desires, and to take our forelocks to that which is pleasing to Him and our happiness in both worlds, and to make us steadfast in the truth until we meet it. Through Him, and that He forgives me, my parents, and all Muslims. He is the Hearer and the Answerer.And Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.God bless our Prophet Muhammad and his family and him.

Abstract
Reinforcing children's rights comes through the definition of national and international laws that work to protect the right of the child, as the phenomenon of violence in the disintegrated family has emerged in the distinguished time against its various forms, which indicates the dissolution of bonds and values in society and its direct impact on the aftermath of violence, children, which is one of the forms Types of domestic violence crimes in Iraqi society.Hence, we directed on the international and national mechanisms to enhance the protection of the right of the child and oriented on the national and international legislation which guarantees this right to deter cases of violence against children, given the spread of manifestations of family violence and abuse in dealing with children and their exposure by their parents to beatings and violence, due to the Iraqi society’s lack of programmed awareness and direct contact with the family through the application of children’s protection laws and the definition of their rights, as well as awareness programs on children’s rights through the High Commission for Human Rights in cooperation with educational and educational cadres and the community police for the close relationship that binds the child to the second educational environment for children and monitoring the abused family To protect children, activate the role of protection systems, enact the Child Protection Law from family and social violence, and work to establish special shelters for children who are subjected to violence in a way that guarantees the protection of their rights

Abstract
Liberalism is an Arabized foreign term taken from (Liberalism) in English, which means "liberalism". It is an intellectual doctrine that focuses on individual freedom, and believes that the independence of individuals must be respected، It is believed that the primary function of the state is to protect citizens' freedoms, such as freedom of thought, expression, private property, personal freedom, and others.All the doctrines that appeared in Europe in the modern era emerged from rational thought, which believes in the independence of reason in understanding human interests in every matter, without the need for religion.Liberalism is a reality completely composed of "rational individual freedom", and because these foundations that make up its reality are general, liberals have multiple perceptions in its intellectual details, as well as its practical effects and the applied method during political or economic workKeywords: liberalism - libertarianism - and the position of Islamic thought on it - intellectual study

Abstract
In this blessed journey of this research, I would like to take the reader to the most important milestones in this research, which is that the success of the confrontation with the external enemy must be preceded by diligent and diligent attempts to bridge the rift between the various cognitive and intellectual trends, just as the two trends of speech and influence are the pillars of Islamic thought. They are capable of overcoming the difficulties that obstruct Islamic intellectual integration. Moreover, the Ash’ari and Ahl al-Hadith schools were united in the early ages until a wedge of discord and conflict was placed between them, scattering the efforts of the two groups in side battles One of the profound issues that affected the collective mind of the Ash\'ari and Hadith groups is the issue of faith and the negative effects that disagreement over defining its concept has had on societal reality. Disagreement on this issue is acceptable between the two groups and should not be a reason for rivalry, discord, and innovation.

Abstract :
(Qaisbin AL-makshouh AL-Moradi)Ohe of the prominentand unique persoha lities inour Arab and Islamic history, he fought for the sake of God with all his couage and he roism, participating in the wars of liberation and conquest . Aliprinces, peace be upoh him, oh two rows, he was martyved . Keywords: (Qais bin Makshouh, apostate, revolution).

Extract:
Educational services are one of the activities provided to city residents in multiple ways and which have a significant impact on the civilizational and cultural progress of society. From this standpoint, the study aimed to reveal the spatial analysis of educational services at the primary level in the Adhamiya District, the distribution of the number of schools in the residential neighborhoods in the Adhamiya District, and the variation in their quantitative and spatial efficiency, as they are closely linked to the life of the population communities. The study relied on field data for the purpose of comparing it with the standards approved by the Ministry of Education. It used the ARC GIS 10.4 program to prepare spatial distribution maps to determine the location of Schools by using geographic information systems programs and projecting them as points. Through study and field research, it was concluded that there is a heterogeneous distribution of schools among the neighborhoods of Adhamiya district

:
The current research aims to identify the effect of the Mollyvan model on developing linguistic intelligence skills among first-year intermediate students. To achieve this goal, the following two null hypotheses were developed:
1- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students in the experimental group, who study according to the “Mullyvan Model,” and the average scores of the female students in the control group, who study in the usual way, in the post-test of linguistic intelligence skills.
2- “There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the pre- and post-tests of linguistic intelligence skills for the experimental group that was studied according to the “Mullyvan model.”The study sample was (61) students, with (30) students for the experimental group, and (31) students for the control group, and parity between the students of the two research groups was conducted statistically using the T-tes To measure the extent of the development of linguistic intelligence skills among the students of the two research groups in the topics taught by the researcher himself, the researcher prepared an objective test of the type (multiple choice), and after completing the experiment, he applied the linguistic intelligence skills test to the students of the two research groups. The results resulted in the students

Extract
Service indicators in general and infrastructure services in particular are the basic basis for launching the spatial development process, as they serve as a starting point for investing natural and human potential in the development process and are necessities of life that no city can survive without, in addition to the development of social services. They are basic rights that all individuals must obtain, so they must be studied and the geographical factors affecting them must be known.During the research, it was revealed that the level of indicators of health infrastructure services was low, while the amount of needs required for electrical energy services amounted to (1,666,836 kilowatts). The municipality of Adhamiya also suffers from the low level of transportation road services and their lack of efficiency and adequacy, especially the main roads, especially in some neighborhoods, especially Al Rabiea 'neighborhoodkey words :Infrastructure, submersible stations, vertical stations, electric power, transportation method

Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to present the idea of individualism in All My Sons, Death of a Salesman and Crucible. The main objectives of this paper are to explore the themes of individualism and materialism in American society. These plays reflect the picture of individualism and materialism in American society. The analysis will be drawn as the thematic techniques and narrative model to analyze the concept of individualism and materialism in these selected plays. The discussion will delve the themes of these three plays, contributing to other research works about individualism and materialism. The finding is going to highlight the theme of individualism and materialism. The main idea of the research is elaborated the idea of individualism in real situations Key words Death of a Salesman, All My Sons, Crucible. Miller, American literary view

Research Summary
The Umayyad era is considered one of the important eras in Arabic poetry. This era witnessed a wide and great literary and poetic flourishing, as poetry occupied a large space in the lives of people in all the era’s environments such as Medina, the Levant, and Iraq. These environments are among the most important poetic environments, as the Iraqi environment was characterized by the prevalence of the object of pride. And satire, and that presence of free time and literary markets, and the return to tribal fanaticism, these factors had an effective and major impact on the flourishing of the poetry of contradictions and its return to the structure of the pre-Islamic poem. As for Kufa, it was not involved in tribal fanaticism, so its share of pride and satire was weak, and much has passed. Some of its poets are concerned with praising the caliphs, governors, and commanders in order to earn money and obtain rewards. Therefore, we see the poet starting his poem directly with the main purpose, without introductions or openings, as was customary in the pre-Islamic structure In the environment of Hijaz, poetry witnessed a wide change in its structure, and the traditional openings began to disappear. By this, what is meant is the ghazal, relative, and ruins with which the poem opens, from which the poet moves to the main purpose. The reason is due to the spread of ghazal in its two types, virginal and explicit, and the Hijazi community’s acceptance of it, and financial luxury and the spread of the art of singing. And female slaves. These factors had a great impact on directing the poetic text in the environment of Hijaz in general and in Mecca and Medina in particular In the Levant, the purpose of praise became widespread

Abstract.
The current research aims to identify the level of altruistic behavior as well as to identify the level of self-identity among a sample of students, as well as to identify statistically significant differences in the two variables according to gender and academic specialization. The research sample consisted of (300) male and female students from the middle school stage, and the researcher adopted the (Jassim, 2019) for altruistic behavior, prepared a measure of self-identity, and the researcher reached the following results:
1- There is a high level of altruistic behavior among middle school students
2- There is no statistically significant difference in altruistic behavior according to the gender variable (males - females)
3- There is a statistically significant difference in altruistic behavior according to the specialization variable (scientific - literary) in favor of scientific
4- There is a high level of self-identity among middle school students
5- There is no statistically significant difference in self-identity according to the gender variable (males - females)
6- There is no statistically significant difference in self-identity according to the specialization variable (scientific - literary) in favor of the literary
7- There is a strong correlation between altruistic behavior and self-identity.

CDA is beneficial device to reveal the correlation between language, power, and hidden ideologies, i.e. how language reflects power and ideology, or how language and ideologies affect language. The present study analyzes Trump-Netanyahu's conversation about Trump's proclamation recognizing Israel’s sovereignty over the Golan Heights. It is an attempt to explore the notions of modality, us/ them, agent/ victim and how these concepts unravel interlocutors’ ideologies and power. The current study adopts Fairclough's (1995) and Van Dijk (2000) as models for analysis. Results show that Trump and Netanyahu depict their states and people as being ''Us'' who are presented positively through the meeting while they negatively introduce ''Them'' which represents a number of enemies in the middle east like Syria, Gaza, Hezbollah and terrorist groups. Notions of power and ideologies are evident in their talk.Keywords: CDA, Us/Them, Agent/ Victim, Power, Ideology

Abstract:
Sheikh Sadid al-Din al-Homsi is considered one of the most famous Imami theologians in the sixth century AH, due to what distinguished him by his penetration into the sciences, especially the science of theology, as he was known for his extensive knowledge of the opinions of Islamic sects, and his criticism of the opinions of major Islamic scholars from all Islamic schools of thought, which indicates his departure from the norm. Imitation and his diligence in verbal issues. He is also considered the first Imami theologian to use logical analogies in verbal inferences.Keywords: theology, doctrines, criticism, Sadid al-Din al-Homsi,

Abstract
Commerce is considered the backbone of thriving economy in life, especially what is related to determining the demand for goods, as lifestyle varied and the methods were multiplied. Thus it becomes difficult for some people to not realize, or know the truth from falsehood, or explain the legal ruling on it, so it was necessary to know the legal controls and roots.
Therefore, it is vital to know the scientific principles, humanitarian foundations, what is contracted for, the law of supply and demand, consumer behavior, and what is valid and what is not valid in this matter and that.
In the study entitled “The Impact of Sharia Regulations in determining the level of demand for goods”, we endeavor to explain the Sharia regulations and their impact, and to clarify the methodology of Islamic economic procedures in applying those regulations to reach the objectives that pleases Allah Almighty and achieves justice and anti-exploitation.
In this study, we have determined the level of demand for goods, perceptions of consumer behavior, and related legal regulations from the perspective of Islamic economic doctrine, which is part of general economic theory as it affects consumer behavior and actions, and the related jurisprudential issues and legal systems.

Abstract
The aim of the current research is to reveal the reality of the expressive significance of the aesthetic artistic effect in the primary stage curriculum, and to achieve the goal, the researcher identified through the theoretical framework the aesthetic artistic effects in the primary stage curriculum, adopting the descriptive analytical method by choosing the research tool that suits the content analysis method, adopting the categories. And the frequencies and percentages. The results reached by the researcher showed a negative indicator in that the expressive significance included in the Arabic reading is relatively weak.Therefore, the researcher recommended the necessity of cultural support for aesthetic artistic monuments by clarifying their expressive significance in the Arabic reading book, as it represents the basic book for the learner, and employing it in a way that contributes to clarifying the status and value of this cultural heritage in interesting and attractive ways of presenting it, or assigning an educational material under the title “Our Civilization” that is compatible with the academic stages. In a gradual manner, various presentation elements are available that suit learners in terms of abilities and capabilities, so that their artistic and aesthetic value is demonstrated Keywords: expressive significance, aesthetic artistic impact, primary stage

This research aims to explain the miraculous graphic touches of Al-Jahiz in his book Al-Bayan and Al-Tabin، as it is one of the important sources in this section and no one from the scholars of interpretation and language explained his opinion on the content of this blessed book.What is included in this blessed book.In this research، I relied on the most important books that dealt with studying the three pillars according to the people of the Bayan. It consisted of two sections، and under each section there were demands، with vocabulary and titles that fit the origin of the research which it beganConcept miraculousness Jahiz works example

Abstract
This study primarily focuses on approaching diplomacy in a practical manner during press conference addresses, as exemplified by Antony J. Blinken, an American lawyer. He is a diplomat and currently serves as the 7th United States secretary of state. The research aims to analyse the pragmatic aspects that define his diplomatic approach in his press appearances. The study aims to address the inquiry: What are the pragmatic aspects included in Antony Blinken's diplomacy? This implies that the study aims to identify the pragmatic elements that aid Antony Blinken in achieving his press conference objectives. To achieve this goal, we present an eclectic model that scrutinizes the pragmatic aspects of diplomacy in press conferences. In relation to this aim, It is hypothesised that Blinken utilises multiple strategies in order to accomplish shared goals of diplomacy. 2. Identifying the most frequently used speech acts for diplomacy in press conferences; 3. Antony Blinken's use of speech acts appears to align well with the argumentative nature of debates. The data analysis reveals that the pragmatic components of diplomatic language are highly intricate, characterised by delicate and courteous linguistic traits. Diplomacy is characterized by numerous unspoken aspects, achieved through diplomatic discourse, the frequent use of "implicature," and the deliberate suggestion of information not explicitly stated. During diplomatic events, the proper utilisation of speech acts can somewhat improve the credibility of language instead of diminishing the precision of political diplomatic communication.
Keywords: diplomacy, Blinken, speech acts, press conference , promise, commissives

Abstract
In two thousand sixteen, President Tsai Ing-wen Taiwan’s publically apologized to the citizens of the island. This national apology having a influential role to inform the public regarded the past crimes causing harm to Taiwan natives, also establishes a relaxing and healing role in reconciliation process with citizens victims. The current paper presented critical discourse analysis related with apology of president Tsai’s. It inspects authority besides ideology rooted in Speech and main stakeholders relating with ceremony, and is complemented with a cross-section excerpts interviews, like , members, staff citizens, previous constitutional supreme court just, tribal key men, advisers from committee of transitional justice and presidential office citizens historical justiceThe analysis discloses that, in spite of apology of president Tsai’s besides reconciliation policies, rather than enabling compromise, the apology looks exacerbating the long-lasting hidden tension between citizens besides non-citizens groups. Though the apology opening away for reconciliation, commitment higher level is required for promoting structural besides complete changes, like land compensation, before the apology could be supposed satisfactory. Keywords : discourse analysis, citizens people , national apology, Taiwan

This study analyzes translations of the Quran into Spanish with a focus on the use of the subjunctive. A corpus analysis was performed comparing five different translations of the Quran. The results reveal significant differences in the use of the subjunctive in translations. Differences in the use of the subjunctive reflect variations in interpretation and fidelity to the rhetorical purposes of the original text. This study provides a basis for improving the accuracy of religious translations.Key words:Análisis de traducciones, Corán en español, Uso del subjuntivo.
الخلاصة

Este estudio tiene como objetivo explicar las formas en que la lengua árabe expresa el tiempo futuro, a traves de la extrapolación de la evidencia y los usos del mismo . El árabe contiene un enorme potencial en el campo de la expresión del tiempo futuro. Este estudio dividió el tiempo futuro en ocho secciones : El futuro absoluto, El futuro lejano, El futuro cercano, El futuro continuo, El futuro recurrente, El futuro perfecto. La lengua árabe se distinguia por la presencia de un cierto número de formas de palabras que se consideran patrones con los que se mide todo el idioma, salvo excepciones . Estos patrones se llaman fórmulas . La fórmula ( aspecto) está relacionada con los tiempos gramaticales y morfológicos , como se indica en en Sura Al- Tauba . Esta sura, que contiene verbos pasados, presentes y verbos imperativos, uso plantillas morfológicas en el contexto en presencia de pistas verbales y otras pistas presentes Por los perspectivas y aspectos de análisis muchos que nos impone, el estudio de las formas de hablar del futuro en español formar un aspecto distintivo para quien reflexionar sobre el funcionamiento gramatical de la lengua y especialmente enrelaciones complejas que entre los infinitos efectos expresivos que interpreta para cada contexto y el sistema abstracto ( reglas y semántica ) que nos pone a proporciona el lengua Palabras clave : Tiempo , Futuro, Acción .

Abstract
This study evaluates the accuracy of translated aviation terminologies in audiovisual media, an essential aspect for maintaining effective communication and safety in the aviation industry. Using Nabban's model (accuracy, readability, acceptance) and Geotielb's strategies as the theoretical framework, this research analyzes a selection of aviation-related documentaries and training videos. A mixed-methods approach is employed to assess translation accuracy, identify common errors, and propose strategies for improvement.Key words: Aviation Terminologies , Technical Translation, Accuracy and Audiovisual translation

Abstract
The study aims to identify the nature of financial inclusion and its indicators, as well as to analyze the relationship between financial inclusion and banking efficiency in the studied banks. The descriptive-analytical method was adopted to analyze the data and reach conclusions. To achieve the research results, it was divided into four sections: the first section covers the research methodology, the second section addresses the theoretical framework, the third section focuses on the practical aspect of the research, and the fourth section presents the conclusions and recommendations. The results show a significant decline in the volume of electronic payments in 2021. For example, Zain Cash transactions decreased from 853,079 Million Dinars to 719,066 million dinars, with an annual negative growth rate of 23%. Similarly, Asia Hawala transactions decreased from 517,962 million dinars to 164,843 million dinars, with an annual negative growth rate of 63%. This decline is associated with the economic recession experienced in Iraq at that time, which affected the overall economy and the use of electronic payment methods. Therefore, the researcher recommends enhancing trust in electronic payment methods. Comprehensive awareness campaigns should be organized to educate the public about the benefits and security of electronic payment methods such as Zain Cash and Asia Hawala, to encourage their wider adoption.Keywords: Financial inclusion, Banking Efficiency, Access to Banking Services, Usage of Banking Services

Abstract
The present paper tackles the literary function of the ambiguity technique used in poetry. It aims at defining the concept of ambiguity, specifying its elements, stating its role and importance in poetry, and finding to which distance it can convey the poet's intention in his poem to the recipient. To achieve the above-mentioned aims, the paper chooses different verses from various poems written by several poets and from different ages. This is to show that ambiguity which is used by any poet, at any age, and any occasion has the same function. To fulfill the requirements in terms of literary analysis of ambiguity, the present paper follows the descriptive method. The paper is finalized by the findings as stated under the item of conclusions. Keywords Satire, punning, innuendo, scorning, sarcasm, humorous

Copperfield ,
Abstract
Charles Dickens's "David Copperfield" is famous for its abundant use of symbolism, which plays an essential role in enriching the thematic insight and character development within the novel. The paper aims to reveal how these symbols contribute to the overarching narrative and the protagonist's journey of self-discovery and growth. Some extracts are selected from David Copperfield to be analyzed in terms of Tufte’ (2006) model of syntactic stylistic devices. The paper concludes that Dickens's uses symbolism not only to enrich the reader's understanding of the themes and characters but also serves to criticize social topics of the Victorian time. Furthermore, Dickens’ utilization of various symbolic elements explores that he uses concrete and real images related to the objects, settings, and characters of the novel with the aim of conveying complex ideas and emotions.
Key words: Stylistic devices, Dickens, David Copperfield, Tufte’s model Introduction An exploration of the stylistic analysis of symbolism in Charles Dickens' David Copperfield unveils a tapestry of literary artistry and social commentary. Dickens, a master storyteller of the Victorian era, intricately weaves symbols throughout his narrative to convey deeper meanings, reflect societal issues, and illuminate the complexities of human experience. In David Copperfield, symbolism serves as a potent vehicle for Dickens to encapsulate the essence of his characters, settings, and themes, employing a rich palette of linguistic devices, imagery, and metaphorical