iklil for Humanity Studies

The current research aims to .1:Build an educational program based on the
(Sewell) theory to enhance the achievement of students in the Open Education
College in the subject of Art Appreciation.
.2Measure the effectiveness of the educational program based on the (Sewell)
theory in enhancing the achievement of students in the Open Education College in
the subject of Art Appreciation.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher formulated two null hypotheses to
discuss the results. The researcher adopted two research methodologies: descriptive
and experimental, specifically employing a two-group design (experimental and
control). The research sample consisted of 32 students from the Art Education
Department at the Open Education College. The researcher ensured equivalence
between the two research groups in several variables. Then, both groups were
taught for a duration of 8 weeks.
To measure the achievement of the research participants, the researcher developed a
20-item multiple-choice achievement test, with four alternatives for each item. The
researcher also established the validity and reliability of all research tools. Statistical
methods, using the SPSS software package, were applied to analyze the data.
The results of the research showed the effectiveness of the educational program
based on the (Sewell) theory in enhancing the achievement of students in the Open
Education College in the subject of Art Appreciation. Based on the obtained results,
the researcher drew a set of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

The idea of the research came as a result of the confusion occurring in some of the meanings of the Qur’anic vocabulary contained in the Holy Qur’an that describe the Divine Essence. This study came to organize this confusion in dealing with the meanings of those Qur’anic vocabulary and words with which the Divine Essence was described، such as a soul، a hand، or an eye، and to link the meanings of these vocabulary. With what is called problematization، it modeled and organized everything that God described Himself in.

What the researcher addressed through this research was limited to the pandemic, which pertains to jurisprudential rulings, through which the pandemic was defined linguistically and idiomatically, supported by linguistic sources, and then she mentioned the legitimacy of the pandemic, as its legitimacy was proven in the Qur’an and Sunnah. In the third requirement, she addressed the types of pandemic, which are of two types. As for the requirement Fourth, the researcher talked about the provisions to which the pandemic relates, such as zakat and the provisions therein, the impact of the pandemic on selling and renting, as well as its impact on usurpation, how the usurper returns the usurped thing, and guarantees what he destroyed. The researcher also addressed the impact of the pandemic on dowry and what are the matters that result from it, and after that the researcher reached I mentioned several results in the form of points, and then sources and references were included.

This research aims to verify the sample، as it selected a polarized group consisting of (46) male and female teachers of the Arabic language subject، and (5) male and female supervisors to represent the polarized sample with (12) primary schools and randomly from the original research community with (12) From the Al-Karkh/2 and Al-Rusafa/2 education directorates، the researcher used statistical methods، and after analyzing the results، she concluded several conclusions، including: Weak consideration in the content of the two books for individual differences between students، and the researcher recommended: the necessity of learning according to modern teaching for learners.

e current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the text interrogation strategy in developing literary appreciation skills among fifth-grade literary students. To achieve this goal، the following null hypothesis was established:
“There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students in the experimental group، who study according to the text interrogation strategy، and the average scores of the female students in the control group، who study in the usual way، in the post-test of literary appreciation skills.”
The study sample was (70) students، and equality between the students of the two research groups was conducted statistically using the T-test.
To measure the extent of the development of literary appreciation skills among the students of the two research groups in the topics taught by the researcher himself، the researcher prepared an objective test of the type (multiple choice)، and after completing the experiment، he applied the literary appreciation skills test to the students of the two research groups. The results resulted in the students of the experimental group excelling in Students in the control group، and in light of the research results، the researcher gave conclusions، recommendations and proposals.

The research aims primarily to find out the most important reasons that led to high failure rates for the fifth and sixth grades of primary school, as the researcher used the descriptive analytical method in his study, and the research community consists of primary school headmasters in Education Directorate / Baghdad Karrkh 2. A simple sample was randomly selected and the total number of headmasters is (107), in addition to the researcher conducting a questionnaire based on honesty and consistency by applying the research and conducting a data analysis. The research showed the following results: Weakness of the student’s cumulative information due to education during the Corona pandemic period, weakness of the student’s cumulative academic level in previous years, and interest. The excessive student use of modern electronic devices and social networking sites instead of study, the teacher’s insufficient qualifications to keep in touch with scientific and technological development, the absence or provision of modern technological means for the teacher to use in the distance education process, the weak scientific level of the teacher and his reliance on indoctrination and memorization instead of discussion, analysis and research. Scientific and practical, the increasing in teacher’s numbers of lectures, the teacher’s lack of seriousness in teaching and job evasion, the student moving from one stage to another without acquiring sufficient knowledge and skills due to this pandemic, the huge number of students within one classroom and the numbers are still continuing to increase, the monotony of the curricula with information, memorization, indoctrination and lack of replace it with modern, advanced curricula based on research and practical experiences. Among the most prominent conclusions is that there are many reasons that constitute a major challenge facing most primary school headmasters which have contributed significantly to the high rates of failure in the fifth and sixth grades of primary school, related to the student, the family and their cultural and educational level, the most prominent of which is the weakness of the student’s cumulative information due to education during the Corona pandemic period, and the lack of Preparing the teacher to keep pace with scientific, technical and technological development, and the student’s transition from one stage of study to another without achieving the goals of teaching and learning represented by the necessary knowledge and skills due to the Corona pandemic.

The current research aims to identify (the effectiveness of the challenge strategy in the achievement of students in basic education colleges in the measurement and evaluation course). The researcher followed the experimental method، as it is the closest to achieving the goals of his research. The research sample consisted of (81) male and female students from the first grades teacher department. College of Basic Education / Sumer University، divided into an experimental group and a control group. The researcher prepared a post-test for achievement consisting of (30) objective items and (10) essay items، so that the total number of test items was (40) items. After ensuring the validity and reliability of the test، The researcher applied the research sample to the research sample and after correcting the test، the results of the study showed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group. The researcher presented a set of suggestions and recommendations.

The study examined the method of enhancing cultural awareness through historical curricula. The study was applied to a sample of female middle school student teachers to verify the study based on the descriptive method. The study is applied to 340 female teachers in two middle schools، and a questionnaire is designed to verify the purposes of the study based on five alternatives. 227 questionnaires are retrieved، representing 95% of the total number، and statistical methods were applied to the teachers’ opinions، and the following was achieved:

The study aimed to find out on "the effectiveness of using the Pentagram' strategy in developing mathematical prowess among students of the first intermediate in mathematics)).
To verify the objective of the research، the following null hypothesis was formulated:
- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who will study mathematics according to the Pentagram strategy and the grades of the control group students who will study the same subject according to the usual method of developing mathematical prowess.
The study members consisted of (70) students from the first intermediate grade from the (Al-Farazdaq Intermediate School for Boys) of the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa III for the academic year 2023-2024، and it was chosen in the intentional way، because the school administration showed a good willingness to cooperate with the researcher، which facilitated the procedures for applying the study، and they were distributed to two groups (experimental and control) and to achieve the goal of the research، the experimental design based on the two groups (experimental and control) with partial control was used and the method of conducting the pre- and post-test randomly As Division (A) was randomly chosen to represent the experimental group that will be taught according to the Pentagram strategy and the number of its students was (36)، while Division (C) was randomly chosen to represent the control group، which will be taught according to the usual method and the number of students was (34)، and before the start of actual teaching was rewarded between the students of the two groups statistically using the T-test for two independent samples and a square as any in some variables such as (chronological age، students' grades in mathematics in the final test، previous knowledge in mathematics، and matrix Raven to measure intelligence، test the dimensions of athletic prowess.
The results showed the following: - The superiority of the students of the experimental group over their peers in the control group in the development of the dimensions of sports prowess، and the superiority of the students of the experimental group in the post-test for the development test of the dimensions of sports prowess on the pre-test for the same group and for the same test، and there is no difference between the scores of the post-test and pre-test for the development test of the dimensions of sports prowess for the students of the control group.

The research dealt with one of the types of precipitation, specifically trace rain, which amounts to (0.001) mm, and the pressure systems responsible for the occurrence of its recurrences within the Baghdad city station for a period of (30 years) from (1992-2022), and the research relied on collecting daily data for trace rain as well as Analysis of hourly weather maps for the two observations (00-12) GMT. It was found through the results that the Sudanese depression is more responsible for the occurrence of trace rains, and the cases of deepening and shallowness within the level (850) millibars were different, but the cases of shallowness accompanying the Sudanese depression were the most, but within the pressure level (500) millibars, we note that East of the groove was the most frequent with surface systems. The study concluded that trace rains occur in several cases, including the beginning of the advance of the depression with the decline of the atmospheric height, or vice versa. And in the event that the pressure systems meet after the depression was in control of the study area. And also when capturing the extensions of the low air for a secondary center separate from the low air high, or vice versa.

The research dealt with the evaluation of the efficiency of educational services in the city of Husaybah East, an administrative unit of the district of Habbaniyah in Anbar province, and the study included two sections included the first spatial distribution of educational services in the study area according to the numerical criterion and the researcher used geographic information systems (GIS) technology to installment coordinates on the city map. The second section included evaluating the efficiency of these services and comparing them with the local planning standards used to find out the amount of deficit and surplus in the indicators of educational services in the study area and according to the data for the academic year 2022-2023. It was found that most of the indicators have exceeded the standards except for the deficit in the number of buildings and people of kindergartens and the shortage in the number of primary school teachers, and the researcher worked to introduce technology (Arc Gis) to analyze the standard distance to measure the extent of the spread of educational services institutions within the study area, and the presumption of the closest neighbor to reveal the nature of their spatial distribution.

The issues of development and quality of life have attracted the
because of their great impact on the extent of human satisfaction، as these topics result from the interaction of many dimensions that have a direct impact on human life represented by the economic، social، environmental and urban dimensions. It has been observed through the research that urban development works on optimal employment of the available resources as well as helps to create a healthy urban environment and provides aesthetic elements to the environment. Urban development also works to improve the quality of life of individuals. The quality of an individual's life is under the influence of the quality of the environment and the culture surrounding him،

Статья посвящена разграничению понятия политической терминологии и политической лексики с его подгруппами, определению процессов и явлений, связанных с периодами развития политической лексики в русском и арабском языках, рассмотрению исторического аспекта, как необходимый компонент в установлении идентичности обновления лексики данного разряда . Выявлению роли экстралингвистических факторов в семантической динамике и оптимальной употреблении данных единиц иностранными учащимися, как русистами, так и арабистами

Es scheint, dass wir nie aufhören werden, an Gilgamesch zu denken. Gilgamesch war und ist auch noch der Literaten in der ganzen Welt eine der faszinierenden mythischen Figuren und bleibt für sie in jeder Zeit präsent. Selbst die ältesten mythischen Dichtungen sind Überlieferungen einer späteren Mythosrezeption und Mythosumdeutung. Einige Motive des Gilgamesch-Epos sind schon in den frühen griechischen Mythen zu finden. Auch die modernen sowohl deutschen als irakischen Autoren haben in ihren Werken Gilgamesch Epos rezipiert oder auch nachgeahmt oder einige ihrer Motive umgedeutet. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag geht es um die Rezeption der Gilgamesch-Epos in der modernen deutschen und irakischen Literatur. Die Frage nun: Was macht dieser Epos für die Literaten so faszienrend? Liegt der Grund in seiner Historizität. Einbildungskraft bzw Phantasie? Oder in seinen philosophischen Fragen? Es besteht kein Zweifel, dass alle diese Elemente, d.h. Geschichte, Mythos, Legende, Rätsel, Philosophie, Weisheit und Meditation dieser Arbeit seinen Wert gewährt haben. Aber auch die Erzählweise dieses Mythos spielte dabei eine große Rolle, denn die Geschichte, Philosophie und Legende haben doch keinen Effekt, wenn sie mit unterschiedlichen enwickelten und erfundenen Erzähltechniken nicht kombiniert werden. Das Gilgamesch-Epos spielt auf mehrere Ebene. Die Symbole des mythischen Textes sind immer noch offen für weitere Umdeutungen und Interpretationen.

This study is qualitative focusing on the displacement and exile in Laila Lalami's Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits (2005). It aims to examine the influences of displacement and exile on the thoughts, emotions, and actions of the characters. To meet this, the researcher is to adopt Cohen’s (2023) theory who defined diaspora as the phenomenon of numerous individuals migrating for a diverse range of motives, such as escaping poverty or famine, pursuing improved prospects for financial gain, education, and a more meaningful social existence. He essentially said that when people leave their homeland, they might feel alone and find it difficult to fit in somewhere else. He persisted in a state of cultural diaspora, which can pose challenges in adapting to a new culture, particularly when confronted with cultural and religious disparities that hinder individuals from establishing their own identity. In essence, the study's results emphasized the various emotions felt by individuals who move to a different country, as well as the resilience, determination, and tolerance required to adjust to a new nation and culture. The study suggests that more research be done on how exile and risky endeavors are portrayed in postcolonial literature and cultural studies.

La traducción de los textos comerciales es una de las traducciones especializadas, trata los textos y los términos relativos al ámbito del comercio. El objetivo esencial de este breve estudio es arrojar luz sobre algunas dificultades de la traducción del árabe al español en cuanto a la documentación comercial como certificados de pago o cobro, pólizas de embarque, actas de reuniones de Sociedades, ejercicios de las empresas contratos, certificado de profesión, poderes comerciales, medidas tributarias, cuentas corrientes, activos corrientes ,etc. los ejemplos mencionados en este estudio los hemos extraído de textos y comprobantes comerciales árabes disponibles en el internet. En el fin de este trabajo ponemos breve glosario de términos comerciales del árabe al español.

The main idea of this paper is to present the idea of travelling in the play of Emerson "Self-Reliance". The primary objectives of this research is to analyze the concept of travelling in various perceptions such as the advantages of travelling and the disadvantages of travelling of American culture. Travelling is considered as superstition in life which is shown the lacking of certain culture. Travelling is measured as a tool to paradise. The theoretical perception is to justify the idea of leaving, departure or travelling to all over the world. The discussion will delve into the influence on the characters who present the idea of travelling. In conclusion, this research will contribute to the idea of travelling in modern drama particular in Emerson's play it is the purpose of travelling to see different places and learn new culture of the world.

Pragmatic Markers are single or multi-word expressions that characterize language use whether on the textual or the interpersonal level, and constitute a purely open functional class, which is difficult to delimit.The concept of Pragmatic Markers (hence PMs)has come to the limelight in the recent few decades to become the subject of inquiry for many linguists in general as well as discourse analysts and pragmatists in specific. The current paper is contrastive in nature. It investigates PMs in two completely well- known novels (the EnglishThe Nine Lessons and the ArabicLove in the Wrong Time. Based on Fraser’s (2005) model of PMs, the two novels are analyzed quantitatively and qualitativelyin terms PMs focusing on their functions in these two novels. The paper infers that the use of PMs in both languages is confined to contextual pragmatic factors. This explains why they are sometimes referred to as contextualization cues.

The utilized study which was mixed-methods type is about the levels of critical thinking skills of Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. In addition to the critical thinking which is a skill that should be inculcated in today's complex world, the empirical research on this issue among Iraqi EFL educators are also very important because much of what is known about the subject come from informal ways. The study uses a blend of quantitative approach as it considers the critical thinkers scores and a qualitative method through interviews and focus group

This study presents a semiotic study that tested selected mental health posters. According to WHO, every 1 in 8 people in the world suffer from mental health disorders as a result of depression, bad treatment, and societal problems. The number is increasing worldwide, especially in Arabic land, which requires serious focus. Therefore, people need to get a better understanding of this kind of disease and dispose of the stigma of having this type of illness in society. The beneficial way is to create convincing posters to work as guides for people. This study aims to show the function of mental health posters in people's awareness in public. Furthermore, it aims to discover how the visual details of these posters convey the importance of mental health. The semiotic approach is used as a theoretical and analytical framework for analyzing 16 mental health posters to obtain the aims. The analysis shows that mental health posters call people to treat this illness as well as other illnesses. Mental health disorders may lead to other physical and societal problems and even to death. Therefore, we should work together to overcome or decrease this illness.

The term "persuasion" is not new; Aristotle and Plato addressed it in their previous works. It is an action where a communicator tries to persuade someone else or a group of people to change their beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. Persuasive strategies are more used in religious books.
The problems dealt with in this study are, what are strategies used to effect the readers of the religious texts? , and how much can these persuasive strategies persuade listeners or readers?. In addition, what are the linguistic markers are employed in religious language to achieve persuasion and produce a strong persuasive effect?

Dans cet article, Nous examinons l'œuvre du poète français Guillaume Apollinaire et ses calligrammes, une forme de poésie visuelle où les mots prennent une forme graphique. L'étude s'intéresse à la relation poésie-peinture, à travers deux calligrammes particuliers d'Apollinaire. Il s'agit d'examiner comment le calligramme crée une harmonie artistique en liant le sens des mots à leur représentation graphique et comment il s'inscrit dans les tendances artistiques de l'époque. L'article met également en évidence la nécessité de la coopération entre poètes et peintres afin de produire des œuvres en collaboration

Attributive clauses (ACs) are subordinate clauses that modify the head noun (HN) in complex sentences and are usually introduced by a relative pronoun (RP). This definition is predominantly employed in traditional grammar and is still used in particular languages spoken in Eastern Asian nations to enable the evaluation of extra components that are GENERAL Noun-Modifying Clause Constructions
)Matsumoto et al., 2017). The current study is a descriptive one, it deals with the translation strategies adopted in translating attributive clauses from English into Arabic in institutional documents. The study aims to (1) examine the similarities and differences between the use of ACs in English vs. Arabic, (2) investigate the most commonly used ACs in some English institutional documents, and (3) investigate the strategies adopted by the translators to translate English ACs in institutional documents. A self-parallel corpus of 57,139 words was employed to examine the occurrence of attributive clauses along with their aligned translation. The study mainly focuses on Chesterman's translation strategies (1997) to examine the strategies adopted in translating attributive clauses. The study concludes that the relative pronouns "that" and "which" are the most commonly used pronouns to introduce attributive clauses, and the most commonly used strategies in translating English attributive clauses into Arabic are omission, literal, and unit shift strategies.