Nasaq

The level of Application Total Quality Management Standards Among Primary School Principals and Middle School Principals.
The current research aims to measure the level of application of Total Quality Management (TQM) standards, and to identify the differences in the level of application of these standards between elementary and middle school principals. The researcher adopted a descriptive approach and selected a research population consisting of both elementary school principals and middle school principals in the center of Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate, including both males and females, totaling 351 principals. A random sample of 88 principals was selected, representing 67 of elementary school principals and 21 of middle school principals, constituting 25% of the research population. The researcher set a questionnaire containing of fourteen items based on Edward Deming's fourteen principles as a research tool. After extracting the standard characteristics of discrimination, validity, and reliability, and using statistical methods such as Pearson correlation coefficient, chi-square test, one-sample t-test, and independent samples t-test, the researcher concluded that the level of application of TQM standards among both elementary school principals and middle school principals is generally low and approaching average. Furthermore, there are differences in the level of application of these standards in favor of elementary school principals.