Journal of Nabu

Abstract :
This research addressed the study of (Characteristics of Site - Specific theater and its Applications in the Performance of Iraqi Theater Actor (The Performance of ” Oedipus the King “ as a sample), and it contained four chapters. The first chapter (the methodological framework) dealt with the research problem, which was defined by the following question: What is the Site - Specific theater? How were the performance characteristics of the actor manifested in the performance of Iraqi Theater Actor in (Oedipus the King)? The importance of the research is that it reveals one of the most prominent dialectical forms of theatre in the texts of its contemporary spaces, which is (Site - Specific theatre), trying to show the characteristics of this theatre, its performance requirements, and its intellectual and aesthetic starting points, as well as its unveiling of the global theatrical experiences that played a role in developing and practicing this theatrical genre, and emanating from their local environments, to create a cultural and artistic movement that renews the course of the relationship between the show and the recipient through the activity of effective participation in the structure of site theatre shows, in addition to its keenness to archive a contemporary Iraqi theatrical experience that has worked hard to present several site experiences. The need for it is represented in clarifying its benefit to researchers and those interested in the industry of site shows and the field of theatrical performance in the institutes of fine arts and their colleges, in addition to independent theatre institutions. The aim of the research is to identify site theatre and its performance features that the actor's body adheres to and implements, and how it works in creating sites and constructing the behaviour and actions of the participants that are compatible with the geography of the show. Then the time limits of the research were determined by the year (2015), the place was limited to (Babylon), and the subject was limited by studying (Characteristics of Site - Specific theater and its Applications in the Performance of Iraqi Theater Actor (The Performance of ” Oedipus the King “ as a sample), and the chapter ended by defining the terms and defining them.
The second chapter (the theoretical framework) included two topics, the first (Site - Specific theater : tracking and reading the paths of the term) showed a study of the concept of site theater through the theories of specialists, stopping at a group of properties and mechanisms that this theatrical genre contains in its use of places, while the second (the characteristics of site - Specific performance in global directing experiences), was interested in shedding light on contemporary directing experiences that worked within the framework of site theater, and the chapter concluded with the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework .
The third chapter (research procedures) went to determine the research sample, in addition to including the research methodology and research tool, and the chapter was completed by analyzing the sample represented by the show (Oedipus the King) by the Iraqi theater director Abbas Rahak, which was chosen intentionally.
As for the fourth chapter, it dealt with the results, conclusions, recommendations and suggestions, and the research concluded with a list of research sources.

Research summary :
The current research dealt with the absent character and its treatment in the contemporary Iraqi theatrical text (Family honor as a model) The research included four chapters, where the first chapter included the research problem that revolved around the following question: - What are the treatments for the absent character in the contemporary Iraqi theatrical text? ,Then the importance of the research and the need for it, then the goal of the research, and its boundaries were determined (temporal, spatial, objective), in addition to defining the terms contained in the title of the research and the procedural definition. The second chapter included two sections. In the first section, the researcher dealt with the concept of absence, and in it The second topic: The concept of the absent personality. The chapter concluded with the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework. The third chapter was devoted to the research procedures, the research sample, and the research tool and methodology. One sample was chosen as a model for the study. The fourth chapter contains the results reached by the researcher, the most important of which are
1- The dominance of the absent character over the theatrical text and over the other characters. He was in control despite not appearing, as his role was clear through the behavior of the characters and their constant mention of the absent character in the theatrical text.
2- The absent character complicated the theatrical text, and we find this complexity in the conflicts that occurred between the characters.
This chapter also included conclusions and recommendations in addition to suggestions and concluded with a list of sources and references.

Abstract of the research
This research is concerned with studying (media hegemony and its representations in pop art) and includes four chapters:
The first chapter is devoted to explaining (the research problem - the importance of the research and the need for it - the research objective - the research limits - defining and defining terms). The research problem was summarized in answering the following question: (What is media hegemony and its representations in pop art.(
The importance of the research was evident in that it benefits those interested in the plastic arts movement in general by reviewing the research results and conclusions.
The researcher found that there is a necessary need for this study, represented by the fact that the topic has not been studied in this detailed manner, and to provide scientific material that meets the needs of Iraqi libraries.

The research has a comprehensive goal, which is: to identify media hegemony and its representations in pop art, and as for the research limits, it was determined by studying media hegemony and its representations in pop art.
The second chapter included the theoretical framework, previous studies and their discussion. The second chapter dealt with three topics: the first topic: media dominance, while the second topic: pop art. The chapter also included the indicators that the theoretical framework and previous studies concluded. The third chapter was concerned with the research procedures that included the research community of (30), and the research sample of (3) models in order to achieve the research objective with a percentage of (10%) of the community of the community framework in the intentional manner, then the research methodology, the research tool, and the analysis of the sample models). The fourth chapter included the research results, conclusions, recommendations, and proposals. Among the results that the researcher reached are:
1. Contemporary visual achievement has appeared as an advertising material that promotes economic and political content and social relations. For example, it advertises trademarks, or expresses an entity or style, focusing its attention on spreading a specific culture, by forming scenes loaded with signs and symbols that have a discourse based on excitement and visual attraction, the aim of which is to draw a mental image that arouses a desire to accept and consume the content.
2. Everything used in daily life was used in the artwork, including common household items, with attention to the smallest details of the outside world, which we do not give importance to, because they are familiar and linked to the spontaneity of life, they express the world of marginalized things.
From the conclusions:
1.Western media has made it clear that its members live in a society that depends on the image, as it is primarily preoccupied with superficial production and consumption, and superficial imitation as a result of the rapid movement, as they are symbols that invade the world in representing interest in quantity, automated manufacturing and quotation, and these media have their advantages, as they lead to improving the standard of living and external conditions of life, satisfying human needs and providing entertainment and amusement, and their impact is not limited to these matters, as they have isolated the mind and personality and subjected them to their culture, so this was effective represented by the visual achievement that embodies the control of the relationship between the commodity and the consumer.
2. Media dominance imposed the idea of the global village era on the world, as the technological revolution and the dominance of the economic factor over human destiny appeared, and a culture spread in which it is impossible to talk about history or its experiences, and it is spread by decision-makers and the media, when it imposes itself spontaneously on the interest of every human being, so that this becomes clear in artistic works.

Search summary :
This research is concerned with studying (the features of cultural Westernization in contemporary Arab plastic art), and it is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is concerned with the methodological framework of the research, represented by the research problem, which was defined by the following question (What are the most prominent features of cultural Westernization in contemporary Arab plastic art), and the chapter also contains The goal of the research was (to reveal the characteristics of cultural Westernization in contemporary Arab composition).
While the limits of the research were limited to studying the features of cultural Westernization in the reality of contemporary Arab art for the period (2010-2015), which was represented by the works of Arab plastic artists in (Iraq, Egypt, Syria), adopting the analytical approach within an intellectual and aesthetic vision in both its theoretical and procedural aspects. The second chapter contains the theoretical framework and previous studies.
Which included two sections, the first section: cultural Westernization conceptually. The second section was to study approaches to cultural Westernization in contemporary Arab composition, and the second chapter concluded by reviewing the indicators of the theoretical framework to benefit from here in building the research tool, analyzing its sample, and presenting and discussing previous studies.
The third chapter was concerned with research procedures, selecting samples from society as a sample for the research, and determining the method used in the research. The fourth chapter included the research results, conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

Abstract
The study examines the concepts of simulacra and iconology, starting from the question of their formal variables and the interrelations between them in fashion design. The research explores the essence of simulacra, their formal variables, the nature of iconology, its formal characteristics, and the mechanisms and frameworks of interaction between simulacra and iconology. It also investigates the role of technology in enhancing their variables and applications in fashion design. Four case studies were analyzed, focusing on the works of designers )Iris van Herpen and Alexander McQueen(. These were examined based on specific axes derived from the research propositions. The findings and conclusions indicate that the frameworks of simulacral composition and the symbolic meaning of iconology enrich the design compositions of fashion, producing designs that transcend conventional frameworks. These elements enhance the design process by providing diverse options and foundational principles.
Keywords: simulacra, iconology, fashion design.

Abstract:
In the rapidly developing contemporary decades, Fine arts has witnessed a remarkable change that goes hand in hand with globalization, and as in the era of modernity, contemporary times have their global cultural indicators, in which old traditional styles merge with modern styles and techniques, leading to the emergence of contemporary artistic forms and pieces that are distinct from traditional forms, and both painting and ceramic, as visual arts, have undergone significant development, and in order to study and understand this development, highlighting the study of morphology (the science of form) and structural patterns is essential in analyzing and understanding these contemporary arts. Despite the major developments and transformations witnessed in both painting and ceramic, there is a lack of studies that conduct a comparative study of the structural and morphological patterns between these two arts. Bridging this gap is one of the objectives of this research through a comprehensive comparison and in-depth analysis between the two arts, and analyzing the patterns, differences, and morphological similarities between painting and contemporary ceramic to gain a deeper understanding of their overlaps and disparities. The research consists of several chapters. The first chapter reviews the statement of the research problem and its main importance with its goal and limits, in addition to defining and specifying the most common terms. The gap of this research addresses the statement of morphology and structural systems for both contemporary painting and ceramic, by answering the following question: What are the most important differences and similarities in the morphological structure between contemporary painting and ceramic? As for the importance of the research, it lies in highlighting the similarities and differences between the morphological systems and how these two contemporary arts are constructed, which provides benefit to students of the Faculty of Arts, whether the department of painting or ceramic, by exploring new horizons in terms of the differences and similarities of morphology between these two fields.
This importance frames the research goal, which is (to identify the morphological structural systems in both contemporary painting and ceramic). The second chapter deals with the research methodology used and its theoretical framework through only two topics, where the first topic is the concept of morphology and structural systems intellectually, while the second topic is concerned with reading contemporary visual art and its relationship to morphology. The research sample was determined to include two works each of painting and ceramic, focusing on works that explore themes of (history, identity, and memories). The descriptive analytical method was used, relying on theoretical framework indicators as the research tool. The fourth chapter presents the research results, discussions, key conclusions, recommendations and proposals.
Keywords:( Structural patterns, morphology, painting, ceramics).

Research summary
About the research titled (Aesthetics of Repetition in Children’s Analysis). Repetition is considered the most important profit-generating factor for children of a certain age group. The research included four chapters, the first chapter with the research problem, which asks the following questions.
1- Do children’s drawings carry aesthetic values and goals to be repeated in their drawings?
2- Why does the child repeat, and what does he want from repetition from the psychological aspect?
The importance of the research as well as the objectives of the research:
1- Identify the aesthetics of repetition in children’s drawings
2- Detecting repetition in children’s drawings according to the gender variable
Within the time limits between the year (2022-2023)
The second chapter was divided into three sections, the first section is the concept of beauty, the second section is repetition conceptually, and the third section is the characteristics of children’s drawings.
While the third chapter included research procedures from the research population of (60), and the research sample of (20) sample
The fourth chapter summarized the results and conclusions, including the results reached by the researcher
1- Shape
A - The frequency of drawings of people among children appeared slightly from what was observed in the research samples. Only one drawing was found for males, in which a person of the same gender was drawn, and also one drawing for girls, also drawn of the same gender.
B - The frequency of houses appeared more frequently in females than in males, at a rate of 9 for females and 5 for males
T - The frequency of trees appeared more in females than in males, at 8 for females and 5 for males.
D - The drawing of animals appeared in one drawing for males and did not appear when drawing females

Research abstract
Cinema and television have become a vital and important role in the global social, political, economic and educational scene, to the point that they have become one of the most important media influencing changing the viewpoints of societies and peoples through works and employment of elements of cinematic language, simulating real life data or simulating the world of imagination and hypotheticals and embodying them through the moving image by employing aesthetic and expressive connotations. World cinema, in accordance with its political, ideological, social, religious and other orientations, wrote ideological visions targeting groups, peoples and nations, by employing symbols and connotations related to history, religion and nationalism. Among them was Zionist cinema, which was based on the worlds of its inherited religious, social and historical symbols to be a medium through which it could penetrate the feelings and sentiments of the recipient for sympathy. and support On the other hand, the religious and social symbols of the Arabs were used to give a superficial, ideological image that contributes to spreading hatred and malice against them in order to convey ideas with a political dimension and achieve harm to others.
As the research aims to study the topic in all its aspects, and from this standpoint, the researcher formulated the research problem with the following question: What are the artistic uses and treatments in the operation of symbolic expressive connotations in Zionist cinema, as the importance of the research and the need for it lies in revealing the data and specificity of the cinematic discourse through it, In addition to being a resource for students and researchers, and since it aims to reveal the artistic uses and treatments and operation of symbolic expressive connotations in Zionist cinema, the descriptive approach (content analysis) was adopted as it is more appropriate for achieving the goals and reaching the desired results.
Keywords: connotations, expressiveness, symbolism, Zionism.

Abstract:
Recent years have witnessed a tremendous development in the field of artificial intelligence, where this technology has significantly impacted various aspects of life, including scientific, technological, and even humanitarian fields. Prominent examples include the proliferation of smartphones and smart TVs, which have become integral parts of daily life.
Technological innovations have contributed to transforming many manual processes into automated ones, leading to improved efficiency and reduced errors. Among the fields that have greatly benefited from these developments is the advertising sector, which has undergone a radical transformation thanks to the employment of artificial intelligence techniques. Current research focuses on exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on advertising campaigns and how it might shape the future of this field. The research also aims to understand the impact of artificial intelligence on advertising campaigns and what the future of the advertising industry will be like. The research used a descriptive method to analyze available technologies and their impact, along with a quantitative method represented by a questionnaire that included 50 advertising design specialists. The research arrived at a set of important findings, most notably that using artificial intelligence as a technological tool allows designers more room for creativity while saving time and effort, ensuring high-quality results and reducing the error rate. Artificial intelligence techniques are also capable of analyzing massive amounts of data quickly, helping generate innovative ideas and improve customer experience, thus attracting new customers and retaining existing ones. Furthermore, artificial intelligence contributes to improving the speed of communication and service delivery, strengthening the relationship between companies and customers and increasing demand for products and services. These benefits confirm that artificial intelligence does not eliminate the role of the human designer, but rather supports it and provides it with advanced tools to achieve its goals more efficiently.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, AI advertising, digital marketing.

Abstract
The current research addressed the possibility of using local perlite material to produce artistic and industrial ceramics.
This study included five chapters. The first chapter focused on the methodological aspect of the research, which included the research problem and its importance, the need for it, and the research objective, which was summarized by revealing the use of perlite material in making a self-glazed ceramic body.
The boundaries of the research were within the University of Babylon - College of Fine Arts.
As for the second chapter, it addressed a group of important axes related to the title of the research, including a brief about perlite material in terms of the origin of the name and the site of its discovery, in addition to other uses of this material. This chapter also addressed the most prominent physical and chemical properties. The second chapter also addressed the identification of other diverse clays that succeeded in shaping and pride, and the identification of other types of clays and the important properties of smelters and their types. The second chapter addressed a review of ceramics and also a review of artistic and industrial ceramics. Other related topics were addressed by the theoretical framework and previous studies close to the research for the third chapter, it was devoted to the research procedures, which included the research methodology used, which is the experimental methodology for this study, which is based on selecting materials and using tools and additives in the mixtures, as the mixtures were divided into tables that were intentionally prepared by the researcher in coordination with the supervisor of the current research through previous sources and preparing appropriate mixtures of additives with perlite, which was used in all mixtures in different proportions by relying on the exploratory experiments conducted by the researcher. Where additives with high fusion and others resistant to refractory were used with perlite material in different proportions, which are (kaolin slag, potassium feldspar and flint), and after conducting the appropriate physical tests, a group of mixtures were approved in order to achieve the research goal of producing self-glazed ceramics with good specifications.
Chapter Four included presenting the results and discussing them in detail through discussing the mixtures table and discussing the physical properties such as shrinkage, shrinkage test, porosity, drying stage, after fermentation, breaking and scratch resistance test, and the effects of chemical liquid.
Chapter Five focused on the results, conclusions, suggestions and recommendations reached by the researcher
Finally, the research included a list of sources, appendices, title and summary

Abstract
In light of political pluralism, the difference in ideologies and intellectual proposals, and the weakness of belonging and citizenship, Iraqi society faced many problems, including the normalization of values, behaviors, customs and norms, and the emergence of deviant abnormal cases. The research contains four chapters, the first of which included (the first chapter) in the methodological framework of the research on the research problem, which focused on the question: What is the possibility of societal belonging in light of the challenges and resistance to political pluralism in the discourse of the Iraqi theatrical performance, as a model for the play The Wall? While the importance of the research came as a cognitive achievement that benefits students, researchers and workers in the field of art, literature and theater in particular, the research objective included identifying societal affiliation and the reflections of political pluralism in the discourse of the Iraqi theatrical performance, as a model for the play "The Wall". The research time limits were limited to the year 2024 on the model of the play "The Wall" by director Sinan Al-Azzawi, spatially and thematically, and the chapter concluded by defining the terms. (Chapter Two) dealt with the theoretical framework and consisted of two topics, the first of which dealt with political pluralism and its societal components, and the second with societal affiliation in the shadow of colonialism and beyond. The chapter concluded with indicators of the theoretical framework. (Chapter Three) came with research procedures with the research sample, the play "The Wall" by director Sinan Al-Azzawi, chosen as a model, within the mechanism of the descriptive analytical approach and adopting indicators of the theoretical framework as a tool for his research sample in the analysis process. The research concluded with (Chapter Four), which contained the results and conclusions, including the strength of societal affiliation from political consensus. And its positive pluralism, but with its weakness, conflict and division, it negatively affects that belonging and undermines values, morals, customs and traditions. Finally, the research concludes with a list of references and sources.
Keywords: Belonging - Pluralism - Reflections

Abstract
This study focuses on "The Communicativeness of Security Media in Contemporary Arabic Theatrical Texts (A Case Study of the Play What Happened After That)", investigating both the explicit and implicit messages of security media communication and their intellectual and aesthetic impact on the audience (readers).
The research comprises four chapters: Chapter One (Methodological Framework): This chapter includes the research problem, formulated around the following question: "What is the nature of the communicativeness of security media in contemporary Arabic theatrical texts, with the play What Happened After That as a case study?"
The chapter also highlights the importance of the research in understanding the nature of security media communication and its societal influence. It identifies the study as a valuable contribution to knowledge, particularly for students and researchers in fine arts colleges and institutes. The research aims to analyze the communicativeness of security media in contemporary Arabic theatrical texts, with a focus on the specified play. The research scope is limited to the year 2010 and examines Arabic theatrical texts. The chapter concludes with definitions of key terms.Chapter Two (Theoretical Framework): This chapter is divided into two sections:
1. Investigating the origins and concept of media communicativeness.
2. Examining the role of media in theatrical texts.
The chapter concludes with a review of previous studies and indicators derived from the theoretical framework.
Chapter Three (Research Procedures):
The researchers analyzed What Happened After That (written by Hilal bin Saif Al-Badi, 2010) as the study's sample. The study yielded several key findings, including:
1. Communication forms vary, as does the feedback resulting from information transmission and reception, depending on their nature.
2. Combating rumors is depicted as a deterrent to media-based misinformation within society, as represented in the theatrical text.
The chapter also includes conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions for future studies. The research concludes with a bibliography.

The importance of this study lies in the use of modern technology in museums, and the use of graphic design programs to develop innovative designs that contribute to the development of the Saudi museum display, as it aimed to develop innovative designs using infographic technology and use them to develop the Saudi museum's display style, and to increase the interaction between museum visitors and collectibles in a fun and interesting way, in addition to stimulating the viewer's motivation towards learning and gaining knowledge.
From this point of view, the study assumed that the use of infographic technology contributes to the development of the museum's display method at a high rate, and that there are statistically significant differences in the degree of suspense and excitement of the rigid and interactive infographics in favor of interactive infographic, as well as it shows the importance of deploying infographic technology in displaying inside the museum because of the positive impact on the development of concepts and knowledge among visitors.
The study addressed the most important programs and applications for infographic design, traditional and modern display methods in museums, and it followed the applied approach through the implementation of a set of rigid, mobile and interactive infographic designs, and used the design assessment form as a study tool.
One of the most important conclusions of the study, that the use of infographic technology greatly contributes to the development of the museum display method, and that there are statistically significant differences in the degree of suspense and excitement of the rigid and interactive infographics in favor of interactive infographic, as well as it shows the importance of deploying infographic technology in displaying inside the museum because of the positive impact on the development of concepts and knowledge among visitors.
In light of these conclusions, the study provided some recommendations, including, conducting more studies and research on the use of modern technologies within Saudi museums, utilizing graphic design programs in creating many innovative designs that contribute to the development of the display style of various local museums, attention to the development and programming of many digital tools and programs that help the graphic designer in the development of museum display styles, in addition to applying the study's infographic designs within the Saudi National Museum and museums in Saudi Arabia and measuring their impact on the museum visitors.

:

Since its emergence as a theory in the former Soviet Union, Marxism has marked an intellectual turning point that has spread to most countries around the world. As a theory that mobilizes societies against tyranny and oppression in all its diversity and social, economic, and political impacts, Marxism later established aesthetic theories that have cast their shadows on culture, art, and literature. It has expanded to encompass all global societies, particularly in poor countries. Marxism and its popular bases (the proletariat and the peasantry) have become a source of challenge and confrontation with its enemies.
In light of the above, the researcher adopted the research problem with the following question: What are the representations of Marxism in the paintings of the artist Safaa Al-Saadoun? The importance of the research lies in its ability to shed light on the concept of Marxism as an ideological, political, and intellectual system in contemporary Iraqi painting. The research also necessitates providing the library with a concept introduced to Iraqi culture, allowing researchers and artists to gain insight into the subject of Marxism. The second chapter consists of the following topics: The first deals with the cognitive concept of Marxism; the second describes Marxism in Iraq and its representation in painting; and the third chapter analyzes the works of the artist Safaa Al-Saadoun, from which the results and conclusions in the fourth chapter are derived:
1- Safaa Al-Saadoun's works are characterized by a central aesthetic construction style (composition), which then transmits its aesthetic influences to all of his works.
2- Some of the conclusions are as follows:
1- Marxist artwork influenced Safaa Al-Saadoun's paintings through its implications and consequences, which express human rights. However, art, through various artistic styles and techniques, expressed this danger in the creative, expressive paintings that the artist employed to support freedom and demand rights

Abstract
The use of the concept of parody in ceramics is a means of black humor, used by American potters throughout the artistic stages to reflect their doubts and rejection of traditional institutions, ideologies, and belief systems through rebellious mockery. Parody usually seeks to create a dialogue between the artist and the recipient, through which it can broadcast an inciting discourse against established and rejected appearances by the artist. Therefore, each parody has a goal that it seeks, and it is often symbolic and hidden, not apparent, such as these forms, such as humanity, animals, or industrial objects. From this, the research problem is established as follows: What are the motives for parody work, and how is it represented in contemporary American ceramics? What are the aesthetic features of these forms? Do they have a formal specificity that distinguishes them from other forms to become an artistic phenomenon?
The ammar research was divided into four chapters. The first chapter included: defining the research problem, its importance and need for it. The research objective was: - Do you know satirical simulation in contemporary American ceramics?

Research boundaries

Subject boundaries: Study of contemporary American ceramic works with a satirical character
Spatial boundaries: Ceramic works completed by contemporary American artists in America
Time boundaries: (2015-2020) Due to the abundance of ceramic works that carry a satirical imitation character in this stage.
Chapter Two: It included the theoretical framework in two sections: The first section dealt with: Parody, meaning and concept. The second section: Sarcasm of forms in contemporary American ceramics
While Chapter Three included: It included the research procedures, the research community, the selection of the study sample and the analysis of the research samples. This study concluded with a presentation of the most important results in Chapter Four, including:
- The parody act of parodying a scene in American ceramics requires a new model that differs from the original, according to the nature of the visual composition of the forms and the method of implementation.
- The ceramic scene in parody is linked to the visual characteristics of the image, by confirming the effectiveness of the meaning at the level of the signifier and the signified.
Also, the most important conclusions raised were:
- The sarcastic action of the subject does not cancel the metaphysical aspect of the specificity of the contrast between it and the style of similarity and reformulation.
- The postmodern potter practices a sarcastic critical description, by reducing the features of the image and moving it to the extents of alienation and spontaneity.
Finally, the researcher reached a set of recommendations and proposals

Research Summary:
The current research consists of four chapters, the first of them is concerned with stating the research problem, which was defined by answering the following question: What are the representations of the connection between the logical and the intuitive in the drawings of the European Renaissance?
The importance and need for the research, then the research objective, which is to reveal the representations of logic and intuition in European Renaissance drawings. Then the research limits and definition of terms.
The second chapter includes two sections: the first section: Logic and intuition in European philosophy. The second section: The spiritual and the realistic in the arts of the Renaissance . Then , the indicators that the theoretical framework concluded.
The second chapter includes two sections: the first section: Logic and intuition in European philosophy. The second section: The spiritual and the realistic in the arts of the Renaissance. Then , the indicators that the theoretical framework concluded.
2- Renaissance artists applied their scientific theories and studies to depict imaginary characters in places depicted in a spirit of logical imitation of natural places, but with a symbolic function that could be perceived by intuition alone.
Conclusions include: 1- Religion has a major role in monitoring the themes of the Renaissance era and transforming them into visual formations that are compatible with the type of narrative storytelling, a logic that cannot be escaped.
As well as recommendations, suggestions, an index of research sources, and a summary of the research in English.
Keywords: ( Logical , Intuitive )

Research summary
The research dealt with the study (the visual stimulus of the idea of hybridization in the works of Tahrir Ali and Nasser Sammari). The researcher studied the subject of the visual stimulus in the aesthetic field and revealed the sources of this duality throughout the history of plastic art, specifically in the art of painting, as the research contained four chapters. The first chapter dealt with (the methodological framework of the research) if it included the research problem, which the researcher summarized by asking how it was (how was the idea of hybridization represented in the artworks of Tahrir Ali and Nasser Sammari) if both the problem included research into the artistic and technical style followed by the artists and the extent of its influence, and then the importance of the research and the need for it, and the aim of the research: The current research aims to: reveal the idea of hybridization in the works of the artists Tahrir Ali and Nasser Sammari and what is generated through these artworks of visual excitement for the recipient, and the limits of the research: from the year (2017-2020) because it represents an important period of the artists' activity, and to define the terms as well as the procedural definitions that agreed with the researcher's point of view. Chapter Two: Which represents the theoretical framework, as it contained three topics. The first topic: Which represents the theoretical framework, and the first topic had addressed the concept of the exciting in aesthetic dystrophy. As for the second topic: The philosophical dimension of the idea of hybridization. As for the third topic, the researcher addressed it and divided it into two axes: 1- The idea of hybridization in modern arts, 2- The idea of hybridization in post-modern arts. The second chapter concluded with the indicators of the theoretical framework. As for the third chapter: It was devoted to the research procedures, so it reviewed the identification of the research community and the selection of models from the community as a sample and the identification of the method used in the research. As for the fourth chapter: It was devoted to presenting the results that the researcher reached through the analysis of the selected sample. 1- The concept of the idea of hybridization in the works of the artist Tahrir Ali may have been through the photograph with some heritage symbols as in the model (1). 2- The emergence of hybridization by artist Nasser Sammari through contemporary thought to express a lifestyle based on difference and contrast by using ready-made materials, metal sheets, and building them on the wall with additions of symbols, codes, and monochromatic colors in the shade as in model (3). And the conclusions: reflected from them, and the research ended with a list of approved sources. 1- The adoption of hybridization by artists Tahrir Ali and Nasser Sammari, the idea and imagination to produce through them meanings and connotations formulated in new formations in which everything drawn in their thought is reconstructed and this idea is transformed into an artistic achievement that mimics the character of the era. 2- The performance helped artists Tahrir Ali and Nasser Sammari to mix the data through the idea of hybridization and in methods whose topics differ, as the trends, with their differences, gave the contemporary artist opportunities to select the vocabulary with which he deals with his topics.

The first chapter included the research problem that came in the following question: (What is postponement and its implications in the performance of the contemporary Iraqi theatrical actor?). This chapter also included the importance of the research, which was framed by several points, including: The research was specialized in studying (postponement) in the performance of the theatrical actor to depict intellectual and aesthetic meanings that are fragmented here and there, in which thought is aroused through astonishment and the dominance of diverse images and implications. The research sought to: Identify postponement and its implications in the performance of the contemporary Iraqi theatrical actor. The temporal boundaries of the research were determined: (2014-2024), and the spatial boundaries: (Iraq - Baghdad), and the boundaries of the subject: Studying postponement and its implications in the performance of the contemporary Iraqi theatrical actor. With the identification and definition of the research terms.
The second chapter (the theoretical framework) consisted of three sections: the first section: Conceptual postponement, the second section: postponement and its representations in the actor's performance of post-modern theatrical performances, and the third section: postponement in the performance of the Arab theatrical actor. The third chapter represented the research procedures, and in it the research community identified (20) Iraqi theatrical performances, from which the researcher extracted the research sample and selected it using the intentional method, and several justifications for choosing the sample were clarified, and it included (two samples), the first of which was a theatrical performance of the play (Abu Abdullah's House) in 2023, directed by (Anas Abdul Samad), and the second was a performance of the play (Al-Jada) directed by (Sinan Al-Azzawi) in 2024. The researcher used the (descriptive method) to analyze the research sample based on the research indicators that came in the theoretical framework as a tool for analyzing the sample. Chapter Four included the research results that the researcher extracted from the analysis of the two theatrical performances / research sample, and the results came separately, each play has its specific results, then the research conclusions followed and came within several points, then the researcher presented the research references and a list of sources.
Keywords: postponement, postponed meaning, difference between signifier and signified, difference, contradiction.

Abstract
The current research dealt with the study of (the relationship between free artistic experiences and thinking patterns according to Hermann's model among students of the Department of Art Education) and is divided into four chapters. The first chapter was devoted to explaining the methodological framework represented by the research problem that sheds light on studying the relationship between free artistic experiences and thinking patterns according to Hermann's model among students of the Department of Art Education. The first chapter also included the research objective of identifying the relationship between free artistic experiences and thinking patterns according to Hermann's model among students of the Department of Art Education. The research limits were limited to students of the Department of Art Education (fourth stage). The second chapter included three topics. The first topic dealt with the concept of free artistic experiences, while the second topic included the Hermann's patterns model. The third chapter included the research procedures. The researchers relied on the descriptive analytical approach to describe and analyze students' free artistic experiences and the nature of their thinking patterns using the Hermann model. The fourth chapter included the most important results: the existence of a strong relationship between free artistic experiences and creative intellectual patterns. The most important conclusions: free artistic experiences play an important role in enhancing And developing different thinking patterns among students of the Department of Art Education.

Summary:
Plastic arts, including sculpture, have undergone numerous formal transformations through which forms were modified and placed within new systems. The fragmentation and distortion of form played a role in reproducing contemporary sculptural forms to generate meanings. Partiality, which some artists adopted as a mechanism, introduced semantic concepts within symbolic contexts and minimalist spaces. This approach endowed sculptural works with aesthetic values and shifts characterized by this minimal and incomplete form, sparking wonder and inquiry in deconstructing forms and their interpretive openness. This raised aesthetic questions that shaped the current research problem, which was studied across four chapters as follows:
The first chapter contained the general framework of the research, including the research problem identified through the question: How has the contemporary sculptor presented their sculptural work according to partial formulations? The research’s importance emphasized shedding light on the experiences of contemporary sculptors in revealing the role of partiality and its mechanisms in generating meanings within their sculptural works. The need for this research lies in its potential benefit for researchers in the arts field to clarify this new concept and highlight the uniqueness and significance of partiality as a phenomenon in sculpture, reflecting aesthetic manifestations resulting from transformations recognizable by undergraduate and postgraduate students. The research aimed to uncover partiality and its impact on contemporary sculpture.
The research boundaries included the subjective boundaries focused on partiality and its meanings within contemporary sculptural achievements, the temporal boundaries spanning from 2010 to 2017, and the spatial boundaries covering Europe and America. Additionally, some terms mentioned in the research title were discussed.
The second chapter addressed the theoretical framework and previous studies, divided into two sections: the first section focused on Partiality as a Cognitive Concept, while the second covered Art between Symbolism, Psychoanalysis, and Interpretation. The chapter concluded with indicators derived from the theoretical framework.
The third chapter detailed the research procedures, starting with the research community and sample, which consisted of four sculptural models within the research boundaries.
The fourth chapter presented the researcher's findings, conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions, followed by the research references and sources list.

Research Summary
The study included four chapters, the first of which was defining the research problem, which was diagnosed by the following question (What is semantic condensation in the Iraqi theatrical text?) and explaining its importance and spatial, temporal and objective limits. The researcher defined the following term (condensation) and then an operational definition of semantic condensation. The second chapter formed the theoretical framework of the study, which included two topics: the first (semantic condensation, linguistic concepts) and the second (semantic condensation in the theatrical text). The chapter concluded with the most prominent indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework. The third chapter was devoted to the research procedures by adopting the descriptive approach in the analysis, and the indicators were adopted in analyzing its sample. It concluded with the most prominent results that it reached through analyzing the sample and the conclusions, which showed semantic condensation in the theatrical text. Finally, the researcher put forward recommendations and suggestions and established a list of sources.

Abstract
The research was titled “Taste Beliefs and Their Relationship to Emotional Creativity among Students of the Institute of Fine Arts.” It contained four chapters. The first chapter dealt with the general framework of the research, and included the problem of the current research, which can be summarized in answering the following question: What is the nature and type of the relationship between taste beliefs and emotional creativity among students of the Institute of Fine Arts? Hence, the importance and need for the research. The second chapter addressed the theoretical framework and contained three sections. The first section addressed taste beliefs, while the second section addressed emotional creativity. The third section addressed the relationship between taste beliefs and emotional creativity. The third chapter included the research procedures, namely the research methodology (descriptive correlational), the research community and sample, and the tool used to analyze the data. The fourth chapter addressed the results, conclusions, recommendations, and proposals. The researcher reached a set of findings, the most important of which are:
1- The research sample of students from the Institute of Fine Arts had a good level of taste beliefs and emotional creativity. The researcher attributed this to their cognitive and academic level.
2- There is a correlation between taste beliefs and emotional creativity among students from the Institute of Fine Arts. This is due to the fact that artistic appreciation requires a corresponding level of emotional creativity.

Keywords: Savoring Beliefs, Emotional Creativity, Fine Arts.

Abstract :
The current research dealt with the topic of (representations of seduction in modern European painting). The research contained four chapters. The first chapter was concerned with the methodological framework of the research, represented by the research problem, which was defined as (what are the representations of seduction in modern European painting?). The chapter also contained the importance of the research. And the need for it, and the goal of the research, which is (to know the representations of seduction in modern European painting), and Its objective limits are represented by studying representations of seduction in modern European painting. Temporal borders: from 1817-1937 and spatial borders: artworks produced in America and Europe. then Define the most important terms contained therein.
The second chapter: It contained three sections. The first section dealt with the conceptual and intellectual dimension of seduction. The second section dealt with the image of seduction in classical era paintings. The third section dealt with the image of seduction in modern European art. The third chapter was concerned with the research procedures, which included the research community, which amounted to (50) images of works collected from public and private libraries as well as the Internet system. The research sample of (5) was intentionally chosen to represent the research sample for the purpose of analyzing it according to the descriptive analytical approach (content analysis). This study ends by presenting the most important results included in the fourth chapter, coming up with important conclusions, and finally recommendations and proposals. The most important of these results are:
1- Seduction was represented as readings that had several axes, some of which were formal, direct and did not require interpretation, and some were symbolic and indicative with deep connotations and meanings.
2- Seduction was represented by the image of Satan and his various methods of temptation, such as fraud, deception, and playing on the inclinations of the human soul and instincts, and the authorities who were seduced by positions to obtain social status.

Research Summary
Music has accompanied the art of theater since its first inception in many forms, including hunting rituals, worship, and religious and worldly holidays and celebrations. Then it developed and flourished with the development of the art of theater and its association with science and knowledge, so music became fused into the arts in general and the art of acting in particular, keeping pace with the requirements and needs of human societies despite their different cultures and the diversity of their races. Its topics were diverse and its uses were multiple, so people came to terms with it and harmonize with its impact on individuals, its importance, and its role in human life.
Through this, the researcher derived the topic of his research (employing music in the silent theatrical performance) and was divided into three chapters. The first chapter included the methodological framework that included the research problem, which was represented by the question (How was music employed with the acting performance in the silent theatrical performance), and the importance of the research and the need for it, which It is represented by the importance of music in the silent theatrical performance and the real support it represents to highlight the movement of the body. Students of the College of Fine Arts also benefit from it in employing musical rhythm to support the physical performance. As for the importance of the research, it is evident in revealing the use of music in the silent theatrical performance.
As for the second chapter, the researcher tried to establish a theoretical framework from two sections. The first section dealt with music and its role in building the dramatic act. In the second section, the use of music in silent theatrical performances. Then, in the second section, the researcher extracted the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework.
In the third chapter, the researcher conducted his research procedures, specifying the population, the sample, and the research tool according to what is appropriate to the nature of the research, and then he analyzed the research sample (a play show, posters, and advertisements).
As for the fourth chapter, it included the research results reached by the researcher, which are that music was not used correctly in the silent theatrical show, but rather the director relied on physical fitness, because most of the actors did not have the musical ear and musical sense, and therefore he used the body technique more than the music technique.

Employment , Music

Research Summary
This research is concerned with studying (karma and its representations in Hindu art), as artistic scenes related to karma appeared dating back to the ancient Indian civilizations left behind by the Indian man, as these artistic scenes were embodied in both the Hindu religion, as these artistic scenes dealt with intellectual and philosophical theses and archaeological discoveries, as karma has shown a number of ancient Indian artistic scenes that consisted of different arts, and art occupied a special place since the walls of the temples were filled with artistic scenes, historians have been interested in studying the history of Indian artistic scenes since prehistoric times, and although what historians have reached about this period has not reached the point of certainty, they have indicated the most important goals that karma sought from this historical era, which is to apply karma to the Hindu sect and follow the approach of this belief and perform religious rituals and daily life practices inside the Hindu temples that Hindus go to. The current research included four chapters, the first chapter included the research problem, which is summarized in the following question: Karma and its representations in Hindu art? The importance of the research and the need for it, then the aim of the research, which aims to: identify karma and its representations in Hindu art, as well as the limits of the research and defining the terms.
The second chapter consisted of the theoretical framework, which included two topics, the first topic: (Karma in India), and the second topic (The art of ancient Indian civilization). It also included indicators of the theoretical framework.
While the third chapter included the research procedures represented by the research community, which numbered (60) models, the research sample, and the research methodology, which relied on the descriptive approach (content analysis), and statistical means, and ended with an analysis of the sample models, which numbered (3) models.
The fourth chapter included the results of the research and conclusions. Among the results of this study:
1_ Ancient Indian sculpture is formed according to concepts related to the religious aspect, which is an expression of the significance of the symbol of the god and the Indian religious belief, and it is a structural enrichment that works to make the forms compatible with the intellectual logic of ancient Indian sculpture, as in models (1)(2).
Among the conclusions of this study:
1_ Art is one of the aesthetics that connects man to his surroundings and requires him to depict this surroundings in an artistic way to the world, especially the arts that embodied sculptural scenes in ancient times, which contributed somewhat significantly to people’s understanding of the life of ancient Indian man.

Research summary:
The researcher conducted an experimental study to find out the effect of using the (data show) method, the pictorial method, and the educational plan method in the direction of emphasizing its enrichment. 0 The researcher defined his research problem with the following question:
How effective is the visual educational method in the academic achievement of students in the Art Education Department?
The current study aims to: identify the effectiveness of the masterminds strategy in art education and its prospects and treatments in the educational system. The importance of research and the need for it are evident in the following:
1 Detecting the impact of using the type of educational method on the educational situation and the extent of its effectiveness in Teaching and its impact on students’ achievement, which represents the outcome of mental processes Acquired as a result of education 2 0 By highlighting the importance of the educational (illustrative) method derived from the idea of decoration To enhance the teaching and learning process because the educational medium gains its importance from what is presented in it as well In the subject of botanical decoration, it can be taken A model for teaching in other subjects 0 1 0 There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (05, 0) between the average scores of the group The first experimental study, which is taught using the educational chart and the average grades of the group Control 0 2 0 There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (05, 0) between the average scores of the group The second experimental study is taught using a projector and the average grades of the group Control 0 Among the conclusions:
1 0 The advantage of using the educational plan method as an effective method in education in developing achievement Knowledge in the subject of Islamic decoration for the first grade, Department of Art Education 0 2 0 Using the educational method style contributes to the educational level of students and increases understanding of the material Academic 0
Keywords: (effectiveness, educational method, academic achievement)

: Research Summary
The diversity in modern design trends for sports cars, whether in terms of functional and aesthetic performance value, in addition to material specifications, organization, and design formation, has enhanced the reciprocal relationship between the viewer and sports cars through the visual stimulus represented by elements of attraction and excitement. Design innovations have emerged in industrial achievements through the introduction of variables in the formal and functional systems in their design construction. These trends are associated with the function of the industrial product and the accompanying technical development of the material, which is considered essential in maturing the design idea. All these influences combined, and the lack of such a study in the field of industrial design, may determine design principles to display the current state of the formal and functional presentation of sports cars and their reflections concerning the concept of visual stimulus for the viewer.

Abstract
This research aims to identify how to use color energy in treating depression by following the descriptive analytical approach, in addition to the psychological and artistic analysis of some color energy models that can be used in treating depression. The research reached several results, the most important of which are: that colors have an energy that affects the psychological state of a person, the effect may be negative or positive, which depends on the nature of the colors used in the environment in which the individual lives, whether at home or in public workplaces. And that there is a relationship between the color energy used in the interior spaces of homes and others and the cases of depression that some individuals suffer from. And that it is preferable to use a color combination of cold, calm, and light colors to treat depression, and to avoid using dark and gray (neutral) colors, due to the negative energy they provide and increase the feeling of depression.
key words: Energy, Color, Color Energy, Depression

Abstract:
Surat Al-Fatiha is characterized by numerous properties on religious, aesthetic, artistic, and philosophical levels. The current research focuses on the formal and aesthetic aspects of Surat Al-Fatiha's compositions. This study, comprising four chapters, addresses the design variables of Surat Al-Fatiha's compositions. The first chapter outlines the research problem, its significance, necessity, objectives, scope, and definitions of key terms from the title. The second chapter, the theoretical framework, explores topics related to Surat Al-Fatiha from doctrinal, design, formal, and functional perspectives, as well as the variety of Arabic calligraphy used in its writing, particularly concerning its design aspects. The third chapter details the research methodology, including the research population, sample selection, and the development of a specific form for analyzing samples based on the researcher's criteria. This form was reviewed by experts to assess its applicability. The fourth chapter presents the research results, conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions, including:
* The diversity of presentation styles in Surat Al-Fatiha's compositions, depending on the type of calligraphy used and its harmony with the overall form.
* The utilization of certain letters in the Surah as visual focal points to engage the viewer and occupy the space.
The research concludes with a list of references, figures, and appendices.
Keywords: * Compositions * Surat Al-Fatiha * Calligraphic Compositions

Abstract:
Social culture, with its system, is a cognitive system that has a distinctive impact on the reception itself, and becomes a driving force that rejects what is prevalent. Social discourse brings about the opposite, and when it is different from what is announced, it will be coded with ideas and their variations, and it is sent through its codes to be generated and renewed with what it brings. It is not strange to find social discourses in contemporary Iraqi and contemporary Egyptian painting represented initially in references that the producer establishes to produce works on the visual surface to announce a set of narratives and stories that refer us to research their causes and reasons. Each era has an intellectual and philosophical discourse whose values differ, which it directs through art in another era. The current research included four chapters. In the first chapter, the researcher presented the research problem with the following questions:
1. Has art, with its various forms and different fields, been an urgent choice and a protest choice in contemporary Iraqi culture?
2. How has Iraqi societal culture transformed in light of the protest system that formed a cultural reality from which art derives its influential political and social existence?
Importance of the research: The importance of the current research comes in shedding light on a cognitive aspect that reveals the presence of the transformation in social culture in contemporary Iraqi formation in light of the cultural transformation, which indicates the starting point for researchers to complete what this research ends with. The aim of the research: The current research aims to: Identify the social cultural transformations in contemporary Iraqi formation and the limits of the research: The objective limit: Iraqi artworks in which social cultural transformations appear, the time limit: the period from 1982-2015, the spatial limit: Iraq.
As for the second chapter, the theoretical framework, it contained three topics: The first topic: Social transformation as a concept, the second topic: The concept of culture and affirmation of identity in contemporary Iraqi formation.

The third chapter contained the research procedures, including the research community, its sample, and the nature of the method in it, and then analyzing the samples that amounted to (3) models. As for the fourth chapter, it contained the results of the research and conclusions, and among the results that were reached:
1. We see that color, shape, structure, composition, and the specificities of conceptual broadcasting are included in the transformations of social culture, even if implicitly, representing the culture of an era with pressing references.
2. The social cultural discourse appeared to be out of the ordinary in an unrealistic broadcast of the artist’s intention in sending symbols and expressions that are philosophically embedded in the representation and interrelationship between man and woman with the city.

For decades, the world has been facing many risks and crises as a result of increasing rates of energy consumption, which have caused major economic problems. In light of this crisis, countries are seeking to adopt a strategy aimed at moving to the so-called green economy in response to these crises, which is an economy that reduces environmental risks and the scarcity of ecological resources. It contains carbon emissions and increases the efficiency of resources. Global studies have shown that the buildings sector, especially residential buildings. It has the largest share of energy consumption, and from here the idea of using natural environments for homes emerged, which are residential buildings capable of self-generating energy, so that the energy generated from them does not deplete due to its continuous renewal, and it is also clean, carbon-free and environmentally friendly energy that achieves green economy standards, and in light of The research problem is demonstrated by the following question: What is the effect of applying natural furniture units on the possibility of nature in interior spaces. Hence, the research aims to establish design foundations for furniture based on the place of nature in the interior space, through studying the interior spaces represented by (houses) in the countries of the Asian continent. More precisely, the potential of natural environments in the interior spaces and the elements affecting the quality of the environment in the interior space were studied. The research relied on the descriptive approach to analyze the research models, while the research community relied on the purposive selective method, where the percentage of purposive samples was determined as 33.33% from the original research community consisting of (8) houses, while the research tool used in the research study was the analysis form containing (7) sub-axes, and the analysis was based on them. The validity of the tool used was verified by presenting the analysis axes form to a group of experts. From specialists, the fourth chapter included the results, conclusions, recommendations and beneficiaries. The most important conclusions emerged through the following: 1- The possibility of natural habitats as an integrated design is reflected through self-control with the exploitation of energy, as well as harmony with nature through the basic materials of ecological design. Studying the basic principles of sustainability contributes to building innovative design ideas by drawing inspiration from nature, In addition, knowledge and inspiration also represent the ability of design to be compatible with the requirements and needs of the era, which in turn represents a method of coordination between the natural environment and modern technology for the design environment to the extent of the actual need, which is reflected in the interior design of the house.
The key words: modern technical , Possibility, Natural environments

Abstract
This study aimed to shed light on the dramaturgical structure of theatrical lessons and its impact on learning outcomes from the point of view of teachers in primary schools in Iraq, by applying the descriptive analytical approach, and relying on the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data from a random sample of teachers and specialists in the field of theater education and educational theater, the number of which amounted to (76) individuals. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: that there are many obstacles that prevent achieving the required level in the dramatization of educational curricula in primary schools in Iraq, and that the level of dramaturgical structure of theatrical lessons in primary schools in Iraq from the point of view of teachers and specialists in theater education and educational theater is still low, and that the dramaturgical structure of theatrical lessons in primary schools in Iraq contributes to a high degree to achieving most of the learning outcomes in the four dimensions (knowledge and understanding, values, skills), and the study also concluded that there is a positive effect of the dramaturgical structure of theatrical lessons on the learning outcomes in the four dimensions (knowledge, understanding, values, skills) among students in primary schools in Iraq. In addition, the study presented a set of recommendations that could help improve the reality of dramatization of curricula in Iraqi schools.

Abstract :

The guided imagery strategy is a teaching strategy that contributes to developing concepts and creative thinking skills among students. It is a technique used to enhance university students\' mental and physical performance through a set of activities that provide individual mental visualizations to achieve a specific goal, leading to improved personal and professional effectiveness in the future. These activities include self-motivation, relief from stress and anxiety, and enhanced self-confidence. The current research includes four chapters. The first chapter includes the research problem, which is represented by the following question:
What is the effectiveness of the guided imagination strategy in developing creative thinking among students of the College of Fine Arts in the subject of aesthetic education? Then, the research hypotheses, importance and need are stated. The chapter also includes the objective of the research, which is (to know the effectiveness of the guided education strategy in developing creative thinking among students of the College of Fine Arts in the subject of aesthetic education). The research limits were limited to studying the effectiveness of the guided imagination strategy in developing creative thinking among students of the College of Fine Arts in the subject of aesthetic education for the academic year 2024-2025 for second-stage students in the Department of Art Education at the College of Fine Arts - University of Babylon, as well as identifying the most important terms included in the title of the current research.
The second chapter consists of two sections. The first section addresses the \"guided scientific imagination strategy in teaching aesthetic education.\" The second section addresses the \"guided educational imagination strategy and the development of skill concepts.\" It also includes indicators of the theoretical framework.
The third chapter covers the current research procedures and the most important statistical methods used. The fourth chapter includes the research results, conclusions, recommendations, and proposals.
Among the most important findings of the study are:
- It allows learners to go through the stages of concept formation: direct interaction with events and situations, imagining these events and situations, and forming mental images of them, using symbols to link the general meanings of the concept through the association of ideas and mental connections.
- Among the most important findings are:
- It provides learners with the opportunity to practice individual imaginative mental activities, which helps them identify the common features and characteristics of concepts, thus helping them consolidate them in their minds.

Keywords : guided educational imagination - aesthetic education - creative thinking skills

Abstract
Included this research production recipes Glass Earthen Ware very heat simmer varying thermal less than (800C) and for this purpose has been to identify four recipes from different materials included :( PbO - B2O3 - Na2O.2B2O3 - Na2CO3 - Al2O3.2SiO2) were identified body potter kind of mud that province Babylon. The spatial boundaries were within the boundaries of the province of Babylon. In light of Sager base it was drafted four glass mixture of various types used in the search. It was Tafrat mixture components (1) by thermal Body created for this purpose by the researcher and Oltafrat process conducted at a temperature of 850 m and pouring liquid glass product in a container containing cold water. After grinding it has caused the glass by a process (electric grinder) and the application of glass output on ceramic objects after the addition of five different dyes have rapid-burn method adopted (FAST FIRING) in two degrees Hrareeten (650 C - 700 C) in the electric oven The results showed the possibility of producing glass is very low for the heat, simmer at temperatures less than (800 C) were burned at a temperature of samples results (700 C) molten fully and of good color effects. While the results were not burned in the temperature (650 C) is good in terms of fusion glass and influence chromatography The results showed an appropriate glass ceramic objects.
key words: Fusion, glass matching, ceramic , glaze

Abstract
Standing on the mechanisms Display requires us to examine its elements, components, and forms, as well as its types, which requires us to dig into levels and stages to search for their meanings and how they operate, or rather, a performance that was dependent on the artist’s specific needs, and one of its results was the renewal of sculptural production that is not far from episodes. Communication between the artist and life transformations, including natural and societal ones, which led to diversity in sculptural artistic display, where we find techniques, which are one of the privileges that man has worked on.
The mechanisms of artistic display, in this sense, have become linked between social reality and the state of technical development, through new contexts that are considered in their technological and industrial forms, and the current artistic development can reveal other ways of communication and openness in the mechanisms of sculptural artistic display.
The study included four specific chapters for this study, which contained in the first chapter the general framework of the research, which was represented by the research problem of identifying the display mechanisms that appeared in the art of sculpture and how their features appeared in the artists’ works, which was represented by the following question:
- Has contemporary sculpture achieved new possibilities in artistic display mechanisms?
This chapter also included the importance of research, and the goal of the research was presented in an attempt to reveal the mechanisms of artistic presentation of contemporary sculptural work.
While the second chapter included a presentation of the theoretical framework that included two sections, the first section is the history of display mechanisms, and the second section is contemporary sculpture and its display mechanisms. Finally, a set of theoretical framework indicators.
The third chapter included the research procedures and the research community, selecting the study sample, and analyzing the research samples. This study concluded with a presentation of the most important results in the fourth chapter, including:
Industrial progress helped to highlight the differences in materials used, which in turn enabled the sculptor to unleash new display ideas.
- The sculptor achieved the desired visual effect in the display through the use of new automated techniques that allowed him the possibility of a diverse display.
And also come up with the most important conclusions that were proposed, including:
The development in contemporary art halls has been an important and helpful element for artists in their performances.
- The openness of the visual display, whether inside the halls, which in turn have gone beyond the ordinary in their development to allow strange performances, and also the display outside the halls in public squares.
Finally, the researcher arrived at a set of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract:
The research entitled "Features of Distortion of the Human Figure in Modern Painting" deals with the study of the works of European artists, focusing on the pressures behind this distortion, whether psychological or artistic, exploring the impact of events such as World War II, as well as the impact of the previous works of some artists on the styles of others. It includes four chapters, the first chapter (methodological framework) contained the question of the research problem (What are the features of distortion of the human figure in modern art?) The aim of the research is to identify these features, and the objective limits are to address the artistic achievements that include distortion by modern artists and executed in oil on canvas, and the time period from (1916-1932 AD), and the spatial in Europe and defining the research terms.
The second chapter (the theoretical framework) included the first topic (the concept of distortion in philosophical thought), and the second topic (the theme of distortion in modern European painting), and the chapter ended with the theoretical framework. The third chapter (procedures) contained the research community, its sample of (3) models, its tool, its method and sample analysis.
Chapter Four included the research results and conclusions. The most prominent results reached by the research are: 1. The artist excelled in expressing the unity of his subject in different ways, as he deliberately concealed part of it. 2. Modern artists did not disclose the fine details in many of their artistic productions as much as they were interested in the idea of the subject. As for the conclusions, the most important of them are: 1. By distorting the human form, artists break the traditional concept of beauty and open the door to new visions, as they see that true beauty lies in revealing the truth even if it is distorted.
- Keywords: feature, distortion, human form.

Abstract
The current research dealt with the study of (scenes of poverty and its aesthetic representations in modern European painting - a proposed educational unit) and the research included four chapters. The first chapter dealt with the methodological framework of the research represented by the research problem, which was founded on the issue of poverty, a state that dominated the lifestyle embodied by the artist in his achievements according to his personal vision and with different performance methods and in a way in which he employed artistic elements in structural and technical methods that highlight the state of poverty and deprivation, creating visual spaces that embody the poverty and deprivation reality in which we live, which made the scenes of poverty and its representations intellectual approaches that related to the artist and society alike. Accordingly, the problem of the current research was formed, which focused on the following question The current research aims to reveal scenes of poverty and its aesthetic representations in modern European painting? Achieving a proposed educational unit in the subject of the history of modern art؟The first chapter also included the importance of the research and the need for it, in addition to the goal of the research, which aims to identify scenes of poverty and its aesthetic representations in modern European painting. The first chapter also contained the limits of the research and the definition of terms. The second chapter included the theoretical framework of the research, its indicators and previous studies, and included three topics. The topic dealt with the concept of poverty within concepts and intellectual approaches to poverty, deprivation, disease and malnutrition, including philosophical proposals and psychological theories. In the second topic, the artistic and cultural concepts and foundations in modern European painting and its importance, realism, romanticism, impressionism, modern plastic art and its features, and the development of the concept of line in expressive works. The third topic represented poverty in modern European painting in the works of the modern European artist. The theoretical framework ended with the indicators that the researcher reached. The third chapter also included the research procedures represented by the research community, which amounted to (45) artworks and the research sample (5) artistic models, in addition to the research methodology and its tool, the method of preparing it and verifying its validity and stability, in addition to the statistical tools and means that the researcher used. The chapter ended with an analysis of the research sample, and the fourth chapter contained the research results, conclusions, recommendations and proposals. The most prominent results of the research were:
1- The current study proved that poverty and fear of poverty were the main concern of man since the beginning of creation, and talking about poverty and the poor occupied a large space in the production of philosophers, poets, writers and scientists over the centuries and its results were rooted in works of art.
2- Poverty was represented in the art of painting through form, then a result reflected from the artist's feeling of deprivation, need and injustice, so the artistic and aesthetic formulations of the painting were affected by the concept of scenes of poverty and its various projections, then it represented a stimulating variable for different and multiple forms of aesthetic expression.

Abstract of the research:
The current research dealt with the movement formation and its aesthetics in the contemporary Iraqi theatrical performance. The research consisted of four chapters. The first chapter dealt with the research problem, which was determined by the following question: What are the aesthetics that are created through the movement formation in the contemporary Iraqi theatrical performance? The importance of the current research lies in shedding light on the movement of the elements of the theatrical performance and the significance of the formation that emerges through this movement within the theatrical performance and the image that these elements form at a single moment in time in which the elements of the performance blend in order to form a scenic image. As for the goal of the research, the current research aims to identify the aesthetics of the movement formation in the contemporary Iraqi theatrical performance. The research was spatially determined in Dhi Qar Governorate and temporally in 1992, and objectively the aesthetics of the movement formation in the contemporary Iraqi theatrical performance (The Donkey's Shadow Case), in addition to the technical and procedural definitions included in the research. The second chapter included two topics: the first dealt with the movement formation conceptually, while the second dealt with the aesthetics of the movement formation in the directorial directions. Then the chapter concluded with the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework. As for the third chapter, it included the research community and its sample, and took indicators The theoretical framework as a tool for analyzing the sample, while the fourth chapter contained the results, the most important of which are: 1) The time factor divided the time paragraphs and played its role in adding and creating the kinetic formation according to an organized kinetc rhythm.
3) The kinetic formation revealed intellectual connotations in different scenes that enriched the discourse of the theatrical performance. This chapter also contained conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

Search summary:
Infographic strategy is one of the strategies that have been adopted in many educational fields as it is a highly effective tool in conveying ideas in an accurate and simple way at the same time. Therefore, some of those working in the field of education have sought to invest in this strategy, as it has been used in various curricula for its ability to provide the learner with intellectual skills and move him from the stage of receiving to the stage of analysis, synthesis and thinking about all the new information he receives, especially in the field of arts, colors and their uses. The color subject taught by second-year students / Department of Textile Design Techniques, Institute of Applied Arts, is one of the basic subjects due to its great importance in nurturing artistic taste among learners. Therefore, the current research adopted the descriptive approach in achieving its goals by identifying the concept of infographics and designing a teaching unit to teach the subject of colors in fashion design, which represents one of the topics of the color subject. The results of the research achieved its goals, as a teaching unit consisting of (11) infographics was designed to explain in detail the color relationships between colors in the color wheel according to the classification of the (RBY) mod And how to use these relationships in fashion design.

Summary
The current study included the use of prominent sculpture as one of the means of visual documentation of events throughout history as an art that shows a triple impression of shapes and creates a rich visual experience. It contributes to telling historical stories and documenting important moments in aesthetic ways, which reflects cultural and artistic diversity in every era. A prominent sculpture is one of the oldest arts that a person has used to express his ideas and feelings and immortalize important moments in his history. The embodiment of shapes in a three -dimensional way gives artistic works a visual dimension that contributes to attracting viewers' attention and enhances their interaction with the expressive content. During the various eras, prominent sculptures used a way to document historical events, such as battles, celebrations, and religious rituals, as these works contribute to preserving the collective memory of nations and cultures, and it becomes a living record of history, and through analyzing these works, we can understand the historical, social and political contexts that It affected every civilization. The research involved four chapters, the first chapter represents the research methodology, in the research problem, and how to influence prominent sculpture as one of the means of visual documentation of events throughout history, and includes the importance of research and the need for it in exploring the role of prominent sculptures in documenting historical and cultural events, and the aim of the study is to explore and identify methods and methods Technical and materials through which prominent sculptures can be used and employed as an artistic tool to create an optical and aesthetic effect that can extend its effect throughout the ages, as well as ensuring the limits of research and defining terms, while the second chapter was concerned with the theoretical frame For works throughout history, the second topic guarantees the technical and aesthetic characteristics of prominent sculpture, the most important materials used, as well as the third chapter dealt with research procedures and analysis of its samples, and finally the fourth chapter, it included results, conclusions, recommendations and proposals. The research concludes with the references

Abstract
Upholstery textile design is considered the most important consuming products in our country for its Values functional and expediency in addition to its aesthetic values to show the nation’s identity in general and Iraqi in a particular way decorated by some cultural intellectual artistic way which are symbolic and shape icons transferred from one generation to another to a specific community or specific family which are called (memetic). The first chapter consists of the research problem: What are the shapeless memetic text in upholstery cloth design? Whereas the importance of our present research appears in revealing the cognition bases that the designer depends on achieving the shapeless text. Also clarify the rule of the shapeless units of upholstery textile. This research aims at recognizing the shapeless units of intellectual and artistic upholstery textile that transferred from one generation to another by (memetic science) and put suggestions to those unknown shape text. The objective borders are the unknown shape technical design text in designing the upholstery printed and woven textile that are available in local market in Baghdad. The second chapter is theoretical frame that contains the unknown shape system in upholstery cloth designs this unknown shape text is between imitation and modernism which also contains modernism differs from the shapeless upholstery design text that have (memetic) theory, inspired theory in addition to upholstery which is separated or fixed. The third chapter contains research procedures that contain (10) samples of cloth upholstery design and (3) samples are chosen in (25) according to meant unknown shape because they achieve the goal of the research and demands The forth chapter contains results and conclusions, one of the most important result is that the designer depends on the unknown shape texts that transferred genetically from one generation to another. In addition to sampled (1, 2,3) that extinct text disappeared to reappear in a new construction keeping its original system, the intellectual source appears from samples because of the designer depending on (memetic) cultural units from the Past as in samples (1). In sample (3) the designer aims to inspires two characters: borrowing and imitating. In addition to the dual of (separating and constant) of upholstery cloth for samples (1,2,3). The most important conclusion is motivating some unknown shape text that transferred from one generation to another in addition to coordination text constructions with nature of tendencies correspond of the designer. In omitting and adding reduction, adapt ideology sources of the sample characterized by the designer depending on memetic cultural units from the ancient Iraqi civilizations in a modern way to achieve finishing the goal of the research some new designs are suggested for unknown shape upholstery textile.

Abstract
The Kufic script received most of this attention due to its ability in the field of decorative decoration, which led to the emergence of multiple types of it with decorative formations that were sequential in the linear distribution. However, the continuous improvement of the lush Kufic script and the attention paid to its spatial and directional positions of the words and the diversity of their distribution It led to the creation of balanced and harmonious decorative formations, as these formations are considered an advanced stage because they require constructional and creative skills. It is based on controlling the principles of grammar as an initial and basic condition, including the images of the flowery Kufic script, which, like the rest of the scripts, was linked to geometry, and from this connection a proportional relationship was created between the letters and their parts by adopting certain standards for the letters for the purpose of expressing an aesthetic and functional relationship between them. When the researcher was informed of the reality of most of these linear formations, he felt the existence of a harmonious relationship, which generated a number of questions for him that can be summarized as follows: 1- Is there a fixed or variable linear rule for harmony in the flowery Kufic script?
2- What are the aesthetic dimensions of harmony in this line?
The importance of the research was to prepare a cognitive overview of the aesthetic dimensions of harmony in Kufic calligraphy and its contribution to enriching the practical aspects enjoyed by those working in this field, and benefiting the relevant concerned parties, such as the Department of Arabic Calligraphy and the Department of Archeology in the College of Arts, Endowments and Religious Affairs. The research aimed to identify the aesthetic dimensions of harmony in the flowery Kufic script. The researcher also defined the terms for what was stated in the title of the study. The second chapter included the theoretical framework to present the axes around which the research revolves. The researcher touched on a number of topics in this chapter, including proportionality in Arabic calligraphy, the design rules adopted in linear formations and distribution systems, and the linear rule of the flowery Kufic calligraphy, as well as the aesthetic characteristics of symmetry.
The researcher also strengthened the theoretical framework with various linear formations. The researcher obtained four previous studies related to the research, which were discussed according to the scientific method. While the theoretical framework indicators included: -
1- The linear formations in the flowered Kufi varied, occupying several areas, including symmetrical and asymmetrical ones with spatial balance. 2- The formal bodies of these formations variedSome of them were characterized by reading exchange (in form and area) of different hexagonal, triangular, rectangular, and linear geometric shapes that are related in terms of proportionality to the form in their realization.

Abstract of the research
With the development of man, he began to add to his artistic works a decorative touch with an ornamental character, using artistic formations and elements in which the work exceeded its intended purpose to what achieves a deeper understanding in loading those works with aesthetic values related to the content they carry, including what appeared on it from formations that carried a decorative character that complements its formal design. And for such units to express in their formation and aesthetic values their originality, in addition to their social and intellectual connotations for what they carry of diversity in their forms and through them entering the environmental reality represented by their intellectual proposals about the meaning of belonging to the environment and society whose advancement is measured by what it leaves behind of artistic achievement that records its exploits. As a result of the many transformations that the art of design was based on, which relies in many of its works on the aesthetics of traditional forms, including Baghdadi, which reflected an aspect of the creative skills produced by the human mind in different eras in the city of Baghdad, which gives the artist-designer the environment and fertile ground to borrow vocabulary and shapes and employ them in curtain fabric designs to show the aesthetic dimension and achieve the identity and privacy of the country from which they were created. Accordingly, the question comes to verify the following:
• Do the traditional Baghdadi signs achieve aesthetic dimensions in curtain fabric designs?
The research aims to reveal the role of the aesthetics of the traditional Baghdadi signs and the possibility of applying them in preparing curtain fabric designs. As for the second chapter (the theoretical framework), it came with two topics. We mention the first topic, which included first: The nature of beauty in art and design, and second: The societal and environmental values influencing curtain fabric designs. The second section included two axes. The first is the aesthetic elements and design foundations that control the design of curtains. Second is the modern methods used in the design of curtain fabrics. Then came the indicators of the theoretical framework, which is what came in the second chapter. In the third chapter of the research, the research procedures that the researcher followed to reach the research objectives, as the researcher relied on the descriptive method (content analysis), then the research came out with the most important results and conclusions and a list of sources.

Research Summary:
The theatrical images in their general sense are elements formed and gathered to give a form or multiple forms that carry an idea or ideas to express the content or set of contents in one image, but often this image is stereotyped and centralized, so it is an icon that can be perceived according to its meaning presented because it is visual, mental and sensory, but in one way or another the reception of this image varies when the recipients according to the nature of the image itself and the nature of the recipient and his various references accumulated from aspects Multiple of them cultural and social down to the psychological aspect of mood, this difference behind the process of displacement or deviation of reading is a displacement intellectual interpretation and interpretation of the group of visual image sensory received by the recipient and affected by it and linked to his life experiences or intellectual reference previous to him and he interpreted according to the doctrine or doctrine of what is the idea that the artist flew in the currency or in the visual theatrical image, so the research came tagged: The reading shift of the theatrical image in the Iraqi theatrical performance (the play Oedipus as a king as a model) As the research consisted of four chapters included the first chapter (methodological framework), the research problem, which revolves around the following question: How did the Iraqi director address the subject of reading displacement of the theatrical image?, then the importance of research and the need and then the goal of the research, then its limits and concluded this chapter by defining the terms, as the second chapter (theoretical framework) included two sections, the first section tagged: reading displacement ... Conceptual.. Stylistically.. Functionally, the second topic: the reading shift of the theatrical image in the schools of output, and concluded this chapter with the most important results of the theoretical framework of indicators, as included the third chapter methodology as the researcher relied on the descriptive analytical approach, and concluded this chapter with the analysis of the research sample, and the fourth chapter included the results and conclusions, including "the theatrical place works on The reading shift of the formal structure and its meanings and vocabulary displaced due to the employment factor and the creation of a ritual and psychological atmosphere that makes reading in a continuous dynamic. Hence the recommendations and proposals, and then the research referrals
Keywords: displacement, reading displacement, theatrical image.