AL-Mostansiriyah journal for arabic and international studies

Social networking sites are of great importance to all societies, especially Iraqi society, as they are a basic procedural technique in understanding human interactions. Underdevelopment and its components and factors through the creation of a conscious generation that can understand itself and the reality of its reality, and search for a solution to the problems of its society of all kinds, address important issues, and develop moral, social, cultural, national, religious and political values.
There is no doubt that the segment of youth constitutes a distinct class in any society, whether that society is advanced or backward, and it is the most active and vital segment of society because of their energies and creative abilities to develop society, and that this segment has many characteristics that can be used in all fields, and they are the symbol of giving Creativity is in every aspect of human life, and they have priority over others to carry out the responsibility of building and developing society towards forwardness and progress. It is known that modern social networks have a direct impact on all members of society because of their advanced technologies, which in turn affect people.
The research stems from its main problem, which is related to the problems facing the Iraqi society and the negative effects that threaten the future of young people, such as addiction to the Internet, lack of dialogue within the family, and weak social relations, in addition to what some people do of methods that violate norms and laws, such as electronic blackmail, threats, and social and political bullying. The research revolves around identifying the negative and positive effects of the third wave on young people in Iraqi society. The importance of the research focuses on two aspects, the first of which is the theoretical side, i. Scientific observation of the researcher on the subject.
Keywords: The wave - the Iraqi reality - youth

The change in climate elements, including temperatures, fluctuations in rainfall, drought conditions, and the disruption of the hydrological and environmental system, caused the forced displacement of the marsh residents, which negatively affected various human activities.
This displacement generated tensions and changes in the natural resources and infrastructure shared by the displaced population and the residents of the governorates coming to it.
The research aims to follow steps to reach appropriate solutions to these effects in light of the various social, economic and environmental challenges, and to find the interaction between climate change and environmental deterioration of the marshes of southern Iraq with the increasing forced displacement of its population, which leads to exacerbation of the drivers of societal tension and tribal conflict, which results in negative effects related to the stability and security of the governorates to which they are displaced.
Keywords: forced displacement, climate change, drought, biodiversity, ecological balance.

Many countries have adopted global trends and begun formulating national population policy documents based on a conscious understanding of their responsibilities in creating a population balance based on people's choices in determining the number of births in the family structure, in return ensuring reproductive health that guarantees reducing mortality rates and ensuring maternal health, in addition to the subsequent ability of countries to improve the status of children's education and upbringing on the one hand and ensuring a decent standard of living for other individuals on the other hand. Improving the quality of life also necessitated the expansion of policies that support population segments in different age groups with a sustainable development approach. Accordingly, the Government of the Republic of Iraq launched in 2014 the first national population policy document to be the first document after 2003 regarding the population of Iraq.
Keywords: Iraq, population, politics, state administration, society.

State-building is one of the most important political and social phenomena that groups can establish after going through many intellectual and political experiences of unbalanced administrations that were able to adapt and develop to reach a degree of rectitude and stability, resulting in the form of a successful state, meaning that its development was linked first and last to the development of its society, and through the accumulation of its experiences and the development of its ideas and capabilities, it was gradually able to correct it and subject it to the authority of law and rational administration, arriving at good governance that granted their rights and freedoms and strengthened their protection. As for Iraq, this matter was not achieved, which led to the continuation of the crisis of the contemporary intellectual structure of state-building, due to the inability of society to develop and liberate itself from its traditional heritage, whether historical, political, or even religious. This means that the Iraqi political mind was unable to possess effective capabilities to produce philosophical visions and perceptions to establish its state, and this inability led to the weakness of its intellectual and political capabilities to find motivational mechanisms that voluntarily push the collective mind to liberate itself from that heritage. To change this reality, the individual and collective mind must be liberated from the burden of its age by finding a common formula for communication and interaction to create Harmonious intellectual values that contribute to overcoming any political or social obstacles and support the process of establishing a state of institutions and law on a permanent basis.
Keywords: State of Iraq, rational administration, good governance, intellectual structure, legal organization

Social media played an important role in the emergence of a public sphere that shortens time and space and brings about major changes in the modern social structure in Iraq, under the pressure of what is called technological inevitability and the new facilities provided by the Internet in the field of organization, communication and media, which changed the old equation from relying on the support of the family, society and government institution to a new equation based on mutual coordination through social media channels to influence and prepare for social change, and draw another form for a generation of youth that depends on the opinions and ideas contained in social media and the Internet as a unique intellectual field towards the path of education, expression and demanding rights and the truth as well.
Keywords: Social media, Iraq, society, crises

The transformation that Iraq witnessed after 2003 and its opening up to the world after it had been suffering under the rule of isolation and dictatorship was a sudden opening, and this openness led to negative repercussions, whether on the economy or society, and was accompanied by phenomena that negatively affected Iraqi society due to its novelty to society and the lack of mechanisms to confront it. It is well known that what Iraq went through after 2003, from the openness of the borders and the lack of control of border management, in addition to the weakness of the regulatory and legal authorities, led to the Iraqi market opening up to drugs, and dealers found a major outlet for them in the Iraqi market. According to published statistics, in 2020, 7,500 drug dealers and possessors were monitored in Iraq, while their numbers increased in 2021 to more than 12,000 drug dealers and possessors. In 2022, these numbers increased to 14,000 drug dealers and possessors, including 123 foreign dealers, and about 18 million narcotic pills were seized. And the destruction of five thousand tons of drugs, and the statistics for the year 2023 amounted to approximately 19 thousand drug dealers, 12 tons of drugs were seized, two tons and 118 kilograms of drugs were destroyed, and nearly 5 million narcotic pills. By observing these numbers, we find that there is an escalation and increase in the number of drug dealers and users in the Iraqi market. The matter has reached this point during the twenty years that Iraq has passed through and what the Iraqi market has witnessed in terms of openness and the lack of central control of borders and supervisory authorities. Drugs do not strike with their roots in a specific region except that it may suffer with it or bring with it negative social, political and economic effects. They affect society in general and strike the nucleus and foundation of this society through family disintegration and the destruction of the capabilities of youth, which is the most important resource of countries. The human resource and the resource of youth is the sustainable gift upon which countries are built. Accordingly, we find that the drug market in Iraq had flourished in previous periods, but despite the state’s efforts now to limit and limit the impact of the phenomenon Eliminating and controlling this phenomenon is still in the process of being worked on and requires a great effort from the relevant authorities. Iraq has suddenly opened up to illegal trade, known as the black economy or shadow economy. It is one of the six major crimes in the world that fall under the umbrella of organized crime, which has headquarters in developed countries. The markets of developing countries are considered open areas for trade. This matter is reflected in the societies of these countries, and I mean here developing countries, with negative repercussions that begin with creating a rift in society by striking alone by dismantling the family dimension, which is the nucleus of society. Consequently, generations emerge that are unable to produce and generations that constitute a burden on society. Many social diseases that arise in societies where the phenomenon of drugs is widespread, including poverty, organ trafficking, white slave trade, and other social diseases that threaten the stability of societies, and drugs are primarily directed at the youth category, who are the pillars of societies, and on which countries depend to build the future. When these countries lose the youth segment and lose what they have invested in this category of education and money, they become weak, disintegrated societies in which corruption is widespread, whether administrative or social. From here, the idea of research is launched on diagnosing and monitoring the negative social effects caused by drugs, especially in light of the prevalence of the concept of freedom. The fake and easy access to these drugs, in addition to the openness provided by the Internet and the influence of some bad models on young people.
Keywords: Social effects, Iraqi society, white slave trade

Drug abuse is one of the most dangerous crimes that destroy and ravage human societies due to its serious social, psychological and economic effects. To study this scourge, its social effects must be studied. The research problem included the increase in the number of drug users in Iraq after 2003, and that social influences had a major impact on increasing the numbers and percentages of drug users in Iraq for the year 2023. The research also aimed to know the number of drug users in Iraq, and what is the nature of their geographical distribution, numerical and environmental, and qualitative, age and functional composition, and what are the most important social indicators affecting the increase in the number of drug users. The research concluded that the number of drug users in Iraq increased for the year 2023 compared to previous years, as the number of drug users in Iraq reached (14942) users, the capital Baghdad recorded the highest percentages of (20.7%) of the total number of drug users. The research also showed an increase in the number of drug users in the urban environment compared to the rural environment by a percentage of (84.6%), and an increase in the number of Drug users are males more than females by a very large percentage of (97.1%), and it also showed that the age group (18-40/years) who are workers and do not have stable jobs are the most drug-using groups.
Keywords: Drugs - Social indicators - Occupational structure - Age structure

The research discusses how cultural identity is produced in virtual space, which has become a space for self-expression or reimagining, free from traditional social and physical constraints. The research also explores the impact of modern surveillance technologies on shaping identity and guiding behavior, making virtual space a dual environment: one that grants freedom of expression but subjects individuals to invisible forms of censorship. Virtual space is no longer merely a means of expression; it has become a structure that reproduces the self and subjects it to complex forms of surveillance. In light of this reality, there is a need to rethink concepts of freedom, identity, and privacy, and to question the roles of major digital platforms in guiding human behavior. In addition, it emphasizes the virtual communicative reality and its role as a vital process for humanity, used to convey meanings and feelings between individuals. The research also presents different levels of communication media and how they impact the transfer of knowledge. In this context, the focus is on cultural identity, which has been influenced by digital developments, specifically through virtual space, which constitutes a new dimension of identity.
Keywords: identity, cultural identity, Virtual Identity, Virtual Worlds

This study analyzes the complex repercussions of socio-economic transformations in post-2003 Iraq on family cohesion and social fabric, focusing on family disintegration, drug abuse, and behavioral deviations. The research adopted a systematic literature review methodology, incorporating critical analysis of international reports (e.g., World Bank, UNDP), field studies (from Iraq, Algeria, Kuwait), and governmental statistics. Results revealed that family disintegration is not an isolated phenomenon but a product of interacting economic (poverty rise to 22%, unemployment 15%), social (internal displacement, shifting roles), and political (instability) factors. The study also identified a strong correlation between family disintegration and drug proliferation (divorce rates reached 30% in Baghdad, youth drug abuse rose to 40% in informal settlements). Recommendations propose integrated policies encompassing economic support, protective family legislation, and community awareness programs involving religious and educational institutions.

The role of socialization in achieving civil peace refers to the processes by which individuals and groups learn and internalize the set of values, norms, and behaviors essential for coexistence and harmony within society. This concept refers to a variety of factors, such as family, friends, educational institutions, and the media, which in turn shape individual identities and various societal interactions. These factors contribute, directly or indirectly, to the formation of the values, customs, beliefs, and behaviors that individuals grow up with and will internalize, whether positive or negative.
Since socialization represents a fundamental process in shaping an individual's personality and instilling the values and principles that help build a harmonious and coexistent society, this process plays a pivotal role in achieving civil peace, which is described as the peaceful coexistence of individuals within society in the absence of violence and force, with the ability to resolve disputes through peaceful means. Therefore, civil peace relies on promoting the values of tolerance, justice, and equality as fundamental values that must be instilled in individuals from an early age through socialization, which begins in the early stages of life.
Keywords : Socialization, civil peace, community interactions, justice, theories, challenges

Forced displacement is one of the most critical crises affecting Iraqi society throughout history, contributing to profound demographic, social, and economic changes. Armed conflicts, terrorist operations, sectarian disputes, and political interventions have intensified this phenomenon, forcing hundreds of thousands of Iraqis to leave their homes in search of safety and stability.
One of the most significant consequences of displacement is not just the loss of housing but also the destruction of the social fabric. It has led to family disintegration, changes in the nature of relationships among different social groups, increased poverty and unemployment rates, and the weakening of essential services such as healthcare and education. As displaced individuals continue to face ongoing challenges, forced displacement remains a humanitarian issue requiring comprehensive solutions. These include adopting governmental policies to ensure the safe return of displaced people and implementing international frameworks that strengthen economic and social support programs to achieve social justice and sustainable development in the country.
Keywords Migration – Displacement – Demographic Implications – Iraq – Reintegration – Resettlement – Displacement.

This study examines the phenomenon of financial corruption in Iraq since 2003, identifying it as one of the most critical obstacles to development and social stability. It focuses on the social consequences of corruption, such as the erosion of public trust in institutions, the widening of socio-economic disparities, and the deterioration of essential public services. The study also reviews various proposed remedies and policy interventions aimed at curbing corruption, evaluating their effectiveness within the Iraqi context. Ultimately, the research offers a sociological analysis of the relationship between financial corruption and social disintegration, while proposing reform-oriented solutions grounded in transparency and social justice

Environmental migration is one of the most pressing and serious issues threatening countries in the 21st century. It is increasing in the context of ongoing climate change and the growing frequency of natural disasters. An environmental migrant is defined as a person who is forced to leave their original region due to environmental changes that threaten their life or livelihood, such as droughts, floods, hurricanes, and desertification. Although this phenomenon is not new, the increasing climate changes have made it more widespread and dangerous.
Climate change is the primary factor behind environmental migration. The rising temperatures lead to the melting of polar ice and rising sea levels, threatening coastal communities. Additionally, prolonged droughts cause water shortages, pushing farmers and rural populations to seek new places to live. The increasing frequency and severity of floods and hurricanes force people in both urban and rural areas to flee their homes.
Environmental migration significantly impacts the economies and communities in both receiving and sending countries. The countries receiving migrants face immense pressure on local resources such as water, energy, and housing. This sudden increase in population may exacerbate social tensions, particularly if resources are scarce or there are significant cultural differences between the native populations and the migrants. On the other hand, the sending countries experience a shortage of labor, a decline in agricultural and economic production, leading to further developmental challenges, as the affected regions become unable to adapt or recover from environmental disasters due to the departure of the workforce and skills.
Governments face significant challenges in addressing the issue of environmental migration, as they must balance the needs of migrants with maintaining internal stability. However, many countries lack effective and clear policies to deal with this growing phenomenon. In many cases, environmental migrants are not recognized as refugees under international law, leaving them without adequate legal protection.
Among the most prominent problems and impacts resulting from environmental migration are the social effects, which represent one of the main challenges faced by societies. Environmental migration creates numerous issues that affect both the migrants and the receiving communities from a social perspective.
( Climate Change - Environmental Migration - Unemployment – Iraq) keyword:

Youth are a fundamental component of all societies, not just because they are part of the demographics. Rather, they are the driving force for change.Young people possess the energy needed for change. They are the builders of the future and the foundation of social development. Despite their importance, they face many challenges, such as unemployment, poverty, and poor healthcare and mental health services. It can be said that young people are Iraq's true wealth, and investing in their energy and potential is key to building the future. Every young person who commits suicide is an irreplaceable loss, a loss of potential that could have contributed to building society through their role in economic and social development. Iraqi youth suffer from psychological and social pressures due to the difficult circumstances facing their society. The weakness of mental health services has exacerbated the problem. It is not the result of a single cause, but rather the result of the interaction of a range of social and psychological health factors. To address the problem of youth suicide requires joint institutional efforts in cooperation with local communities. Psychological support must be provided to patients, along with diagnosis of mental health conditions and difficult social circumstances. Society must begin by destigmatizing mental illness and encouraging young people to seek help. The problem of suicide among young people is a major problem, not only in Iraq, but worldwide, and requires the efforts of everyone to address it. Suicidal behavior is a global cause of death and disability worldwide. Suicide is one of the fifteen leading causes of death and the second leading cause of death among those aged 15-29 worldwide. A combination of social, psychological, cultural, and other factors can interact to lead a person to suicidal behavior. Most suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries, where resources are scarce and services are not widely targeted toward those most at risk of suicide.
Keywords: suicide, youth, Iraqi society

Climate change and forced displacement are among the most pressing issues and challenges facing Iraq today, having a significant impact on social transformations. Iraq is experiencing increasing environmental challenges due to climate change, such as rising temperatures, declining water resources, drought, and desertification. These challenges have led to the degradation of agricultural lands and the exacerbation of livelihood crises. All of these factors have forced many residents, especially in rural areas, to migrate to cities in search of economic opportunities and better living conditions. Forced displacement in Iraq has led to significant social transformations, with increased pressure on urban infrastructure, rising unemployment and poverty rates, and contributing to changes in lifestyles and social relations. Furthermore, this phenomenon has contributed to reshaping the demographic structure of some regions and increasing external migration, threatening social and economic stability in Iraq. The study examined climate change and forced displacement, highlighting their impact on social transformations in Iraq. It revealed that many Iraqi governorates have been affected by climate change, leading to population displacement due to drought and water shortages. Dhi Qar is particularly affected. Basra, Maysan, and Wasit are experiencing declining water resources, while similar conditions in Nineveh, Anbar, Diyala, and Kirkuk have exacerbated internal migration issues. Climate change and drought have displaced approximately 130,788 individuals (21,798 families) across 12 Iraqi governorates by mid-September 2023, with the greatest impact concentrated in the southern governorates of Dhi Qar and Maysan. Reports indicate that the number may have exceeded 140,000 individuals by the end of 2023. Climate change has also impacted the psychological and mental health of the community, leading to ongoing environmental disturbances among individuals. It has also affected women, who have become more vulnerable to the effects of climate change due to their dependence on resources for daily life, especially in rural areas. Therefore, these challenges require a sustainable development policy to address the effects of climate change and reduce forced displacement. This issue requires global and local attention through water resource management, support for the agricultural sector, and the provision of job opportunities in affected areas, to address the challenges arising from these environmental and social transformations.

The study aimed to analyze the positive and negative impacts of digital content on social and cultural values in Iraq, focusing on the challenges arising from its widespread dissemination amidst technological and social transformations. The research contributed to clarifying the relationship between digital content usage and social transformations, revealing the pivotal role of individuals and institutions in mitigating negative impacts and promoting constructive content. The study reached three key conclusions:
Detrimental digital content distorts cultural identity and increases the social gap.Constructive digital content plays a crucial role in raising awareness and enhancing national cultural identity.
Young people are the most vulnerable to both the negative and positive impacts of digital content.
Keywords: Digital Content, Social Transformations, Constructive Content, Detrimental Content .

In recent years, Iraq has suffered from multiple social crises that have significantly impacted societal stability and the well-being of individuals. Strategic leadership plays a vital role in effectively managing these crises and mitigating their negative Impacts. Strategic leadership is a crucial factor in guiding institutions toward achieving their goals despite numerous challenges. In the Iraqi context, leadership faces signIficant challenges resulting from social crises that encompass complex economic, political, and cultural Issues
This research focuses on how to Implement effective leadership strategies to address these crises and promote social stability. The most important global theories and practices in strategic leadership are reviewed, along with how they can be adapted to the local context In Iraq. This includes developing decision-making mechanisms and improving effective communication between leaders and stakeholders. The research also examines how leadership can promote positive social change through innovation and adopting flexible approaches that adapt to rapid changes in the external environment.
The in-depth analysis of this topic highlights the Importance of using analytical tools to study the impact of leadership on resource management and coordination of efforts between national and international Institutions. This aims to mitigate the severity of social crises and Improve integration and cooperation among various actors. The research also highlights the pivotal role of leadership in supporting social innovation and adopting new and creative approaches to addressing challenges.
The research also provides practical recommendations for enhancing the role of strategic leadership in improving the social situation in Iraq. These recommendations include developing training programs for leaders, fostering entrepreneurship and innovation, and intensifying collaboration between government, civil society, and the private sector to achieve long-term and sustainable social change. These efforts will contribute to creating a more stable and prosperous environment for Iraqi society.

Iraq faces increasing social crises that require effective strategies to manage them and mitigate their impact on political and economic stability. Unemployment, poverty, internal displacement, and poor public services are among the most pressing issues affecting society. These crises exacerbate tensions among different social groups, creating an unstable environment that fuels waves of protests and unrest. Additionally, administrative and financial corruption remains a major obstacle to development efforts, leading to the misallocation of resources and the disruption of projects that could improve citizens' living conditions. The deterioration of infrastructure and declining healthcare and education services have further increased people's suffering, resulting in higher poverty rates and widespread frustration among the youth, pushing some to seek migration opportunities or engage in illegal activities.
Addressing these crises requires a comprehensive approach based on political, economic, and social reforms to tackle root causes rather than just dealing with their consequences. Politically, good governance must be strengthened, government institutions should be empowered to ensure transparency and accountability, and reforms should be implemented to guarantee fair distribution of resources. Economically, developing sustainable investment projects can create new job opportunities and reduce unemployment rates, while also encouraging the private sector and providing a favorable business environment for local and foreign investments. Enhancing the education system and aligning it with labor market needs can help equip individuals with the necessary skills for available jobs, thereby reducing unemployment and promoting sustainable social development.Strengthening social cohesion is a key factor in crisis management, requiring support for national reconciliation programs, inclusion of various societal groups in decision-making processes, and empowering civil society organizations to contribute to social solutions. Additionally, cooperation with international organizations and friendly countries can provide financial and technical support necessary for implementing crucial reforms. Addressing social crises cannot be achieved through temporary measures alone but requires a long-term strategic vision to ensure lasting stability, enhance Iraq’s regional and international standing, and improve the well-being of its people.
Kay words Social CrisesGovernanceUnemploymentSustainable Development

Desertification and water scarcity represent significant challenges for Iraq, leading to population displacement and causing social and economic transformations. Addressing these issues requires integrated efforts that include sustainable resource management, support for local communities, and the enhancement of regional cooperation. Iraq faces major environmental and social challenges, most notably desertification and water scarcity, which directly impact population stability and cause profound societal changes. This research aims to analyze the impact of these factors on population displacement and the social and economic changes in Iraqi society
Keywords: Desertification, water shortage, migration, societal transformations, Iraq

Drugs are a type of poison that has spread in all countries, including Iraq, where it has become a very dangerous phenomenon that threatens the security of Iraqi society and family cohesion, as it works to disintegrate the family and society by affecting different age groups and making them dangerous people, due to the impact of these drugs or psychotropic substances on their behavior and actions with others, as well as drug abuse or trafficking leads to the spread of serious crimes such as theft and murder committed by these promoters or users, The user may also be subjected to the crime of suicide and killing himself because these substances cause depression and psychological disorders that negatively affect him, how much these crimes lead to the destruction or destruction of society in economic terms, such as reducing production, due to the absence of manpower and waste of working time caused by drug addicts or psychotropic substances, promoters or traffickers.
Keywords: Narcotic Substances : Psychotropic Substances : Promoters : Suicide : Society

Recently, the internet has invaded and technology has advanced, penetrating all aspects of life and the privacy of human life. Then, digital drugs emerged, and a portion of narcotic substances were transformed into modern digital forms. The digital drug trade began on the internet as a market and a venue for selling and promoting them, and producing specific audio content. This audio content has an effect on its listeners similar to that of currently known drugs when listened to under certain circumstances. Some websites market it in various ways and with professionalism that keep pace with the cognitive development of the technology possessed by the current generation. Drug trafficking has transformed from the classic purchasing process to listening to an audio tune, and the exchange process between the drug dealer and the user has changed to a downloading process. Consequently, the risk of the spread of this type of drug is greater because it is readily available at any time and has become a threat to individuals, posing a life-threatening problem. Therefore, a strategy must be developed to address emerging categories of drugs. We must start with the family, which is the first cell in an individual's upbringing, followed by schools and work, by taking the necessary measures to protect those who interact with the global network.
Key words:- digitaldrugs, cocainewaves, thelegalpositionondigitaldrugs