Engineering and Technology Journal

This research could be classified under the group of 3D CAD. It includes
manipulation of 3D surface primitives by using the most drawing common
package, namely AutoCAD for drawing these shapes and save thing in DXF
format, after that a suitable logical program is built to recognize these shapes
and to create the required mathematical relationships for the purpose of data
extraction of these shapes such as length, width, height, and diameter, etc.
Also the automatic recognition of these shapes and their extraction have been
done for the purpose of maneuverability and improve the ability of dealing
with these 3D surface primitives in DXF format. AutoCAD package is used as
a drawing and viewing tool, throughout the full connection between this
package and the proposed software program using visual basic programming
language.

In This research studies spectroscopy and thermodynamic properties of
Chloroform molecule CHCl3, Also the study includes plot of molecule potential
energy curve of (C-H) and (C-Cl) bonds, Then the dissociated energy which was
(2.65 eV) for (C-H) and (1.88eV) for (C-Cl), And study covers the vibrationmodes
of CHCl3 and frequencies which were active in Raman and IR spectra due to the
change of polarization and dipole moment at molecule.Orbit energy Homo was (-
10.879 eV) for higher orbit energy occupied and (0.7972 eV) for Lumo lower orbit
energy unoccupied. Also total charge density and electrostatic potential were
calculated from the diagrams in two and three dimensions. Thermodynamic
properties such as Heat of Formation (ΔH˚f) kcal/mol, Enthalpy (H) cal/mol, Heat
Capacity (Cp) cal/k/mol, Entropy (S) cal/k/mol, and Gebb's energy (G) kcal/mol
were calculated at roomtemperature and were (-20.874, 3502.104, 16.339, 77.974,
-19.734)respectively

any studies concentrated on the lighting subject in interior spaces.
Some of these studies considered lighting as an artistic factor in the public
interior space, but it didn’t present a clear picture about achieving artistic
articulation of interior lighting in public reception spaces specifically hotels
lobby. This study is trying to explore building principles of artistic
articulation of interior lighting in public reception spaces (hotel lobby).
The research hypothesis that an artistic articulation building
influenced by structural and meaningful principles of interior lighting in
public reception spaces of hotels lobby.
To tackle research problem, it crystallized a conceptual model,
represented by lighting elements, art, and articulation in public reception
spaces in hotels lobby, secondary and main assumption types have been built,
included four major types of Artistic assumption modes to the lighting which
are as follows:
Dramatic, spacious or restful, dramatic spacious and spacious
dramatic type.
The semi-empirical research depended on surveying descriptive method and
observational check list as experimental tool. Intentional sample was selected,
including (5) interior spaces as research settings. Perspective shot was used as
analytical unit. Data was gathered through 4 surveying phases that lasted for
(3) months approximately. T-test and was used to treat data statistically using
(SPSS) program.
The results proved, the importance and activity of artistic articulation
types which are represented by restful dramatic, spacious or restful dramatic
restful, and dramatic in public reception spaces of hotels lobby.
Final conclusion revealed that potentiality of varied usage of artistic
articulation representing by dramatic, spacious and others being result out
from the reaction of there two types represented by spacious dramatic and
dramatic spacious in public reception spaces in hotel lobby. Finally,
recommendation was discussed.

In this research, a rectangular plate element for the finite elements
method, which takes into consideration the effect of dead loads, is proposed.
The element stiffness matrix that includes the effect of dead loads is derived. It
is shown that the stiffness of plate increases when the effect of dead loads is
included in the calculations. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed
by numerical example and the results show a good agreement when compared
with that obtained from the closed-form solutions. The proposed method
based on a finite elements formulation is more easily applied to plate’s
structures under different support conditions and various types of dead loads

An artificial neural network (ANN) model has been developed for the
prediction of nonlinear response for plates with built-in edges and different
sizes, thickness and uniform loads. The model is based on a six-layer neural
network with back propagation learning algorithm. The learning data were
performed using a nonlinear finite element program, the set of 1500x16
represent the deflection response of load. Incremental stages of the nonlinear
finite element analysis was generated by using 25 schemes of built-in
rectangular plates with different thickness and uniform distributed loads.
The neural network model has four input nodes representing the uniform
distributed load, thickness, length of plate and length to width ratio, four
hidden layers and sixteen output nodes representing the deflection response.
Regression analysis between finite element results and values predicted by the
neural network model shows the least error. This approach helps in the
reduction of the effort and time required determining the load-deflection
response of plate as the FE methods usually deal with only a single problem
for each run while ANN methods can solve simultaneously for a patch of
problems.

In this research, the sediments transport and how to compute their amount
have been studied in Kirkuk irrigation channel. Empirical methods for
computing sediments discharge in the channel have been discussed
emphasizing on six methods (Blench, Graf, Laursen, Yang, Inglis- Lasey and
Engelurd–Hansen). The applications of these methods required the selection
of (24) sections along the channel in order to measure the hydraulic
parameters of the different cross sections in addition to the slope along
the channel. Samples of water sediments have been taken at each section in
addition to bed samples.
The research introduces an equation for computing sediment load in
Kirkuk irrigation channel depending on the data of (14) sections in the
channel using statistic- MS program.
The validity of this equation has been verified with the application to
the remaining (10) sections data in the channel and the results are very close
to the field measurements

In this work, a modified push-out test is proposed to study the load-slip
relationship in steel-concrete-steel sandwich beams. This relation is one of the
most important factors that are required in the analysis and design of steelconcrete-
steel sandwich beams with partial interaction. The diameter of the
connector is assumed to be variable while the other parameters are kept
constants. The modification in this test in comparison with the standard test
concentrated on the use of steel tube- concrete slab- steel tube instead of concrete
slab- steel (I-Section)- concrete slab (in Standard Test) in order to be more
compatible than the standard test in modelling the steel-concrete-steel sandwich
or double-skin beams. The stud is suggested to be threaded along the whole
length, connected to the tube by a nut (the separation between the layers is
eliminated and only interlayer slip is assumed to exist) and the connector passes
to the other tube through the concrete slab (thus the connector is subjected to
double shear force). These cases maximize the function of this stud. Five dial
gages are used; one at the base, and two at each side in order to measure the slip
at each stud. An experimental relationship of load-slip is carried out to simulate
the behaviour of this type of connection in steel-concrete-steel sandwich
construction.

In this work a commercially finite element program code (ANSYS 5.4), is used
to perform the numerical simulation of the deep drawing operation.
A simplified axisymmetric model of cylindrical cup of (44mm) outer diameter,
(28mm) height and (0.5mm) sheet thickness of annealed mild steel of 0.15%
carbon content, has been developed, and the numerical results are compared
with the experimental work. Six types of punches of (43mm) diameter with
punch profile (nose) radius of {P=3,6,9,15,18, & 21.5 mm}have been
constructed and used, and the value of die profile (nose) radius is kept
constant to (d=6mm).
This work aims to study the effect of punch profile radius on the interfacial
contact between the punch and the blank, punch load, thickness variation over
the produced cup wall, localized strains and stresses distribution across the
inner and outer wall of the drawn part, the height and amount of spring back
of the drawn part.
The results show that ;
The length of contact distance between the blank and the punch increases as
the punch nose increases and its value approximately is equal to punch nose
radius. Increasing the punch profile radius leads to increasing the cup height
about (20 % for FESimulation & 18 % for experimental work), and
increasing the value of springback to about (1.75 % for FE Simulation &1.25
% for experimental work)) for punch nose radius ranging from (3 to 21.5mm).
The greatest thinning is seen to occur with spherical punch due to great
stretching of the blank over the punch head. The punch load decrease slightly
with increasing punch nose radius .The more generous punch radius
(spherical nose), the more gradual rise of the punch load and larger the
punch travel. The stress and strain distributions for all geometries chosen are
similar in shape, and have the same trend and approximately the same values
for both inner and outer wall of the drawn part

In order to increase the durability of highway pavement specific requirements
are needed to control the quality of pavement materials. Therefore, the aim of
this study is to make and test laboratory specimens in order to characterize
asphalt-polymer and aggregate mixtures by using results from conventional
test procedures. The research work covers six percentages of polymer content
those are (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%) percent by weight of asphalt
content. The polymer modified mixes were designed in accordance with
Marshall method and the engineering properties of these mixes were
determined. The engineering properties of the control and polymer modified
mixes (stability, flow, bulk density, percent of voids in total mix, and percent
of voids filled with asphalt) were evaluated by conventional test (Marshall
test).The test results show that the engineering properties of polymer modified
mixes meet the requirements of the S.O.R.B. specification for the asphalt mix
used in the construction of surface course. The Marshall stability for modified
mixes is higher than of control mixes.

A stator current measurement has an important role in condition monitoring
and fault diagnosis of induction motors. For instance, the eccentricity, rotor
bars and end ring breaks, shorted stator windings can be detected by analyses
based on stator current measurement. This paper addresses the application of
stator current spectral analysis technique for the detection and localization of
abnormal electrical and mechanical conditions that indicate, or may lead to, a
failure of the induction motors. The effects of stator current spectrum are
described and the related frequencies are determined. In the present
investigation, the frequency signatures of some asymmetrical motor faults are
well-identified using signal processing techniques, such as Welch method for
spectral density estimation. In fact, experimental results clearly illustrate that
stator current spectral analysis using Welch method is a very good tool to
detect faults in induction motors. These faults are

Discharge measurement in open channels has a great importance in water
resources management. Many types of discharge measurement devices
appeared, with differences in view of their technical performance and
precision. From these devices there are the critical depth flumes.
In the present research, a portable prism was tested for measuring discharges
in rectangular channels. The prism is positioned in the middle of the channels
so that a critical flow is created. Five models of prisms were used, each of
which has been examined for both free flow and submerged flow conditions.
Under free flow conditions, the prism showed a high accuracy in measuring
discharges and there is a good agreement between calculated and measured
discharges. Under submerged flow conditions, the prism showed a good
performance and acceptable accuracy

This research include extraction of nickel metal from residual of fired heavy oil
in electric power station, the residual were pretreatment by grinding and sieving,
the nickel concentrated by particle size.
Magnetic separation was also performed in order to get rid of iron that was in
heavy oil residual in the form of magnetite, and the results show the ability of
separating 86% of iron

The industrial wastewater discharge from the North Oil Company causes a
high industrial water pollution to the agricultural lands. The present study
aims to find the possibility method for treating such industrial oily
wastewater, by coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation.
The experimental test will deal with the characteristics and analysis of
wastewater such as turbidity, pH, TDS, T.H, and oil concentration. Also it
deals with the effect of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation on the
removal efficiency of oil in wastewater and other parameters. Four types of
coagulation were used. The experimental was carried out by using Jar-test
(flocculator laboratory scale).The behavior of flocculent settling was studied
in sedimentation column.
It is found from the experimental results of Jar test, the optimum alum
dosages are. (25,40,70 ppm), FeCl3 dosages are (4,8,20 ppm), CaO dosage are
(7,15,30 ppm) and clay dosage are (2.5,5,9 g/L) for initial oil concentration
(30,58,136 ppm) respectively.
The experimental results are represented by mathematical empirical
correlation for used coagulants alone and in combination as follows
R%= 66.23+ 0.326 DA + 1.17 DF + 0.85 Dc + 6.342 DL + 0.383 C0 - 0.0026 DA
2
+0.302DF
2 – 0.013DC
2- 0.496 DL
2 + 00.017 C0
2
From the polynomial equations and graphical figures it was found the oil
removal efficiency is a function of alum, FeCl3, CaO and clay dosage and
initial oil concentration. The result of sedimentation column was indicated
that the combination of doses improves the removal

The integration of conceptual process planning and early design stages is a
vital activity in the modern industrial environment. Since major manufacturing time is
committed in product specification and design, it is critical to be able to assess
manufacturing as early as possible in the design process.
In this research, an algorithm is developed to build an (Integration of Product
Design and Process Planning) system called IPDPP to demonstrate the integration of
conceptual process planning and design using manufacturing features. The developed
system (IPDPP) validates the calculation of manufacturing time using feature
technology. The application of the prototype system improved communication between
design and process planning. The (IPDPP) system has been tested on product (Shaft
8E-200) in State Company for Electrical Industries. It resulted in reduction of
manufacturing time.

The study involves mechanical deformation and heat treatment effect on
the microstructure of the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy which is used as surgical implanted
materials. The observed properties of (alpha-beta) Ti-based alloy are strongly
dependent on their microstructures. These alloys are heat treated by solution
treatment and aging (STA) as an effective strengthening method for (alphabeta)
titanium alloys.
Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy is hot rolled in the (alpha-beta) field and subjected
to solution treatment above and below its beta transformation temperature.
The solution treatments are applied at three different temperatures (850oC,
930oC and 950oC) for one hour to these treatments. The solution treatment
specimens are water quenched (WQ), normalizing [air cooled (AC) and
annealed,[ furnace cooled(FC)] and subsequently aged the quenched and
normalized specimens at 550oC for 4 hours.
Changes in the microstructure were observed from heat treatment
action using optical microscopy, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and
phases analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure examination
results for as received alloy indicate alpha grains within a b- transformed
matrix. The results also indicate that the grain size and percent of a /b for the
heat treated specimens depend on heat treatment type and cooling media. The
microstructure of specimens heat treated at 950oC with air cooled shows fine
duplex (a /b) structures which have excellent properties for surgical
implanted field applications

Analysis of flow through the conical diffuser of an annular combustion system
is presented. The flow is assumed to be unsteady, quasi three dimensional,
compressible and turbulent. A k-ε model was used to simulate turbulence.
Several area ratios and divergence angles were tested until circulation took
place. At this angle a snout was introduced to correct the flow. A control volume
method was used to solve the differential equations of the flow to obtain velocity
and pressure coefficient distributions. The numerical results show that the axial
velocity decreases with diffuser length for a certain divergence angle. But it
increases with angle of divergence for the same area ratio, while the radial
component of velocity was found to increase with both. It was proved that the
snout can correct the flow whenever circulation takes place.

The effect of fiber volume fraction on the flexural properties of the
laminated composite test specimens constructed of two layers, one of them
reinforced with glass fiber and the other layer reinforced with Kevlar fiber
has been investigated experimentally.
The results illustrate that tension stress decreases with the increase in
fiber volume fraction of glass fiber of the lower layer while it increases with
the increase of Kevlar volume fraction of the upper layer. As for compression
stress, it increases with the increase in volume fraction of glass fiber of the
lower layer while it decreases with the increase of volume fraction of Kevlar
fiber of the upper layer.
The results also show the maximum value of tension stress (= 25.3
MPa.) at Vf of Glass fiber (= 15 %) and Vf of Kevlar fiber (= 60 %), while the
maximum value of compression stress (= -17.1 MPa.) at Vf of Glass fiber (= 60
%) and Vf of Kevlar fiber (= 15%).

In this work, an ordinary light is used for photo-chemical etching of n-type
silicon wafer in HF solution. Scanning electron microscopy is used to monitor
changes in surface morphology produced during the etching process. Uniform
porous layer has been observed for various irradiation time. Our technique
offers a great controlling parameter on the porous layer uniformity compared
with the porous layer achieved by using a laser beam. Electrical properties
and porous layer thickness of the photo produced layer have been studied.

This paper presents an intelligent controller that acts as a FeedForward
Controller (FFC). utilizing the benefits of Fuzzy Logic (FL), Neural Networks
(NNs) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs), this controller is built to control
nonlinear plants, where the GA is used to train this Fuzzy Neural Controller
(FNC) by adjusting of its parameters based on minimizing the Mean Square
of Error (MSE) criterion.
These parameters of the FNC include the input and output scaling factors,
the centers and widths of the membership functions (MFs) for the input
variable and the quantisation levels of the output variable, that are subjected
to constraints on their values by the expert. The GA used in this work is a
real-coding GA with hybrid selection method and elitism strategy. To show
the effectiveness of this FNC several invertable (open-loop stable) nonlinear
plants have been selected to be controlled by this FNC through simulation

This research includes a theoretical investigation about the behaviour of
simply supported composite slim floor beams with partial interaction. For the
purpose of analysis, the slim floor slab system is simplified to a multi-layered
composite beam. The slim floor beam is embedded in concrete. Therefore, the
layers of the slim floor are connected together by natural shear bond
generated between the steel and concrete and distributed uniformly along the
interface without using shear connectors. Linear behaviour with one degree of
freedom of the slim floor (slip only) without separation is studied according to
Johnson and May approach using different material properties and different
types of loading.
Equilibrium and compatibility are satisfied for the forces and displacements
at an assumed element to arrive at two differential equations of second-order
in terms of slip and axial force. The equations are solved numerically using
the finite difference method. A computer program is written in Visual Basic
language to solve the problem.
The current model is applied to three typical simply supported slim floor
beams tested experimentally by “Corus Construction Center”. The model
showed close prediction with the observed results.