Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

To determine the best fertilizing treatment in its effect on growth and product of maize planted in spring season, a field experiment has been implemented in Hashimiya district (30) km south of Babylon for spring season 2011 by using Randomize Complete Bock design RCBD in three replications. The experiment included planting range 5012 by dropping irrigation using four treatments which are (T0 comparison treatment, T1 traditional fertilizers treatment+ EM1, traditional fertilizers + Ibn Sina fertilizing combination, T3 traditional fertilizer. The results have shown the superiority all fertilizers treatments upon comparison treatment . The treatment T2 has recorded the highest average for the product. It was 7.501 ton/h in area unit as a result of increasing the plant product and 140.65 gm. Which came through increasing the length of ear 18.62 cm .and the number of rows in ear 14.78 and the number of grains in the row is 33.85 grains which attributed to increasing the area of leaves 0.561 m2 and the plant height 165.97 cm. besides the fertilizing treatments led to delay the period of male and female blossom with morale difference on comparison treatment although, they haven t been morale among other treatments, the treatment T2 has recorded the highest values for these traits and that means increasing the period of vegetative phase, in other words, increasing the plant sufficiency in the process of carbon representation then this reflected on total product.

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the associated fungus to the seeds and stems of Dodder plant on controlling Dodder plant parasitic on egg plant , in which eighteen species elated to seven fungus genesis was isolated from dodder plant from eight locations from Babylon Gorneate . A. Oryzae and A. niger was isolated from tested samples , in which the highest frequent fungus was A. niger with 28.43% rate followed by A. oryzae with 32.50% rate followed by A. terreus with 19.16% rate while peneicillium fuscum was found with the rate of 1.1% .
The pathogenicity test for H. oryzae induce high effect in reducing germination rate of egg plant seeds to 3.5 comparing with alt . sp 5 in which the germination rate off egg plant seeds was 20.25 , also A.niger redus seed germination of dodder which was 0.5 comparing with the control which was 20.00 ,
A. niger redus seed germination of dodder which was 0.5 comparing with the control which was 20.00 . Also results of this study indicate significant differences in dodder seed germination which range between 2.75 – 18.00 for A. niger , Alternaria sp1 comparing with the control which was 23000 , while the germination of egg plant seeds with fungus filtrate for A. terreus and Chaetomium elatum . Was 20.25 , 22.25 respectively comparing with the control which has germination rate of 23.25 .
Results of spraying the filtrate of selected fungi ( 100% conc. ) on the old growth of dodder contain seeds . shows significant decrease in germination comparing with the control which was 2.50 for A. terr and A. sp while the seed germination in the control was 11.00 .

The study area was chosen in control of alluvial plian (Latyfia Project) near Euphrates , Southeast of to study the variability of properties Chosen transect length 7776 m passes broadest soil units area and the most frequent , and identified 12 series. The Spatial Varibility of some physical and chemical properties for defrent horizon by Time Series Analysis .
The results were as follows : the statistical models is appropriate to describe the variation of soil properties the most frequent was Moving avareges MA (1) by 59.30 % and Autoregressive AR(1) by 40.70 % . The number of samples required for the study transect in the case of dependence on the autocorrelation coefficient for physical properties ,while requests more samples in the case of relying on the random lows , the autocorrelation of the chemical properties weak if less than 0.5 .
Soil classified according theAmerican classification at subgroup levels ( Typic haplosalids) for pedons 5,7,10, and ( Typic Torrifluvents ) for pedons 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,11,12 .

This study was conducted in the vegetable fields , Department of Horticulture , College of Agriculture , University of Baghdad during the growing seasons of 2010-2011 to investigate the influence of planting dates and foliar sprays with Zn , Fe , and B on growth , yield and medical compounds in rocket (Eruca vesicaria sub sp sativa).
The experiments consist of two factors , the first were two planting dates in autumn season , 15/9/2010 and15/10/2010 and two planting dates in spring season , 15/2/2011 and 15/3/2011 .
The second factor was the foliar spray , with ZnSO4 at 1.5 and 3 g / L, Fe-APCA at 5 and 10 g/L and Boric acid at 0.75 and 1.50 g/L . Split Plot Design was adapted with 3 replicates.
The experimental results can be summarized as follows :
The first planting date significantly increased the height plant , leaf area , fresh weight of first cut for both growing seasons. Growing rocket plants in autumn season significantly produced the highest glycosides such as glycosinolate and also the highest alkaloids such as astragalin and the highest coumarins in the leaves and the seeds, The foliar sprays with Zn in both seasons significantly increased the vegetative characters such as the height of the plant , leaf area and the fresh weight. Increasing the Boron concentration significantly increased the percentage of the medical compound such as glycosinolate in the leaves and seeds ,the alkaloids such as the Astragalin and coumarins in the leaves and the seeds, The interaction between the foliar spray with zinc phosphate and planting date gave the highest leaf area and the highest fresh weight, in autumn and spring season, The interaction between the foliar spray with Boric acid and planting date significantly increased the content of glycosinate in the leaves and seed and the highest content of astragalin in leaves, The interaction between the foliar spray with zinc phosphate and planting season significantly gave the highest Astragalinin the seeds during spring season, The interaction between the foliar sprays with Fe-APCA and planting season significantly increased content of coumarins of in the leaves during spring season

This study was conducted to investigate different levels of pure calcium in the fattening diets of Iraqi calves.This study was implemented on twenty-four male calves with age of 8-9 months in Bartella station of animal production that located in south of Iraq.Animals were fed on four fattening rations of similar level of crude protein and metabolizable energy with different levels of calcium .These animals were daily grazing on pastures for six hours until the end experiment.Feed was available ad libitum for all groups. These calves were fed on experimental diets for 120 days (fatting period).The average initial weight of calves at the beginning of the experiment 115.50, 115.33, 115.83, 115.16 kg, respectively, and those calves were distributed randomly into four treatments (0, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50% calcium powder) with six calves per each treatment. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in final weight, total and daily weight gains between the second, third and fourth treatments as compared with the first treatment (control diet)).Daily feed intake and feed conversion have not been analyzed statistically because of the group feeding of calves. Results of biochemical blood traits indicated that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in packed cell volume, sugar glucose blood and highly differences (P<0.01) in the average red blood cells counts, white blood cells counts,blood urea concentration and triglycerides between the experimental treatments than control treatment. While the results of blood proteins showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the average total protein concentration and highly significant differences (P<0.01) in the average globulin concentration between experimental treatments as compared the control treatment. The results of statistical analysis for mineral elements concentration specially calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the blood of calves showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the average concentration of calcium and highly differences significant (P<0.01) on the average concentration of phosphorus and magnesium between experimental treatments when compared the control treatment.
In conclusion significant improvement at the calves performance was noted as increased calcium levels in the fattening diets as well as improvement of the some blood biochemical parameters like proteins and some mineral elements and especially in the last treatment (1.50% calcium) as compared with other treatments (0, 0.50, 1.00 calcium).

An experiment was conducted at the Field Crop Research Center in Abu- Ghraib to determine losses and quality of Maize and sunflower seeds harvested by combine class. Increasing speed of combine harvester from 1.5 to 3.5 Km/ h leed to increas losses in cutting unit form 1.85% to 4.36% and in Threshing unit form 0.95% to 1.79% with a total loss of 3.28% to 6.72% in Maize . Meanwhile in sunflower ; changing speed of combine form 1.5 to 3.5 Km / h increased seeds loss form 1.24% to 3.5% for plants harvested in June 20, and form 1.83% to 4.43% for plants harvested in July 10 .
This gives a total loss of 2.23% to 4.67% and from 2.80% to 5.40% in the first and second harvests, respectively . However, combine speed did not affect loss percentages in straw worker(sperated unit) and cleaning unit in both crops. On the other hand , speed combination of combine harvesting durm, and cleaning fan affected seed loss.
Percent of broken was increased from 6.40% to 10.90% in Maize and form 2.60% to 5.60% in sunflower in the first harvest and form 4.20% to 9.10% in the second harvest when combine speed raised from 1.5 to 3.5 Km / h and the harvesting drum speed from 450 to 550 r.p.m (for Maize )and 400 to 600 r.p.m (for Sunflower) .
At the same time ,impurities in Maize were increased from 9.19% to 12.63% . In Sunflower impurities in were increased from 5.90% to 16.00% ,and from 5.10% to 13.10% for the first and second harvest, respectively Germination percentage were increased in Maize from 45,30% to 70.60% when speed of combine was redused from3.5 to 1.5 Km / h and harvest drum speed from 550 to 450 r.p.m for Sunflower , Germination percentage were increased for some speedsfrom 64.0% to84.60% for the first harvest and form 52.60% to 79.30% for the second harvest ,respectively .According these results , it was recommended to use combine speed of 30.5 km/h and harvesting drum speed of 450 r.p.m ,when harvesting spring grown Maize in Iraq , while using some combine speed with 400 r,p,m .to harvest Sunflower of high quality seed provided no delay in harvest time .

This study was carried out in a private orchard at AL-Abbasyia . Najaf during the growing of season 2012 on the local apple fruit . The trees were sprayed with three concentrations of Salicylic acid (50 , 75 and 100 ) mg / L , Grofalcs (200 ,300 and 400 ) mg / L after 50 days from full bloom stage . Fruits were picked after 120 days from full bloom . The results indicated that length , diameter , weight , firmness and humidity of fruits increased with increase concentration of Salicylic acid , Grofalcs . The substanus reduced the percentage of cracking , dropping , T.S.S , acidity and Vitamin C of fruits. There was significant differences between these treatments .The treatments of higher concentration of Salicylic acid 100 mg /L and Grofalcs 400 mg / L gave the best results of studied characteristics .

This research was undertaken in Dept of Hort- College of Agri Unive of Sulaimania in autumn 2010 to investigate the effect of foliar spraying with liquorice and fenugreek extract with concs 0,2,4,8 gm/l water and interaction between them in addition spraying with distilled water on vegetative, flowering characters and vase life of snapdragon plants. The plants were sprayed for five times between each spray and other fifteen days, the first spray was in 11-11 and 14-11-2010 for both extracts. The experiment have carried out as factorial with complete block design.Spraying liquorice 4gm/L increased plant height, number of shoot /plant. While concs 2gm/L increased the vegetative dry weight (71.86gm) .Spraying fenugreek extract concs2gm/L increased plant height, number of shoot /plant and root dry weight. The vegetative dry weight increased for all fenugreek concs significantly compared with cont.Regard to flowering growth characters the result showed spraying with both extracts with concs 2 and 4 gm/L reduce number of days to compose flower spike and number of days to opening flower bud and increase spike diameter, number of florets in spike,as for the both extracts effect on vase life and water uptake we found the concs 4gm/L licorice give highest average for vase life and highest water uptake.