Journal of Education for Humanities

Praise be to Allah, and may peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah, his family, and companions. After that:
In this research, I addressed the Taklifi Ruling (obligatory ruling) according to Al-San'ani, as stated in his book Subul Al-Salam regarding the killing of a non-Muslim under a covenant (Mu'ahid).
I divided this research into an introduction and three sections:
The first section includes the biography of Al-San'ani.
The second section explains the definition of Taklifi Rulings.
The third section addresses the Taklifi Ruling stated by Al-San'ani on the killing of a non-Muslim under covenant, which I clarified as follows:
I began by presenting the title of the issue, followed by the related hadith, then the context of the issue. I analyzed the issue under the title "The Taklifi Rulings according to Al-San'ani" as explicitly mentioned by him and those who agreed with him among the scholars.
Finally, I concluded with a summary and a list of sources and references

The auditory image is a sensory and aesthetic construction that relies on the sense of hearing to create a sensory space through sounds emitted by living beings in the world of existence, natural and astronomical phenomena, or human-made objects and artifacts. Its primary function is to convey emotions and ideas to the recipient through attentive listening, using linguistic contexts and structures that are capable of receiving sounds in different circumstances and varying times. Sound collaborates with imagination in delivering ideas, visions, images, and meanings to the recipient. Poets utilize the sounds of words and their rhythms to paint auditory images that express their emotions and experiences. The strength of the auditory image varies based on the intensity of the sound, its source, and its psychological impact. It is formed through an associative relationship between suggestive words or rhythms that mimic meaning. However, a sound that lacks meaning, value, or indication is not considered an auditory image; rather, it is merely a collection of sounds devoid of objective significance that serve meaning or enhance aesthetic experience.
Poet Shihab al-Din al-Talafari (d. 675 AH) recognized the value of the auditory image as an expression of meaningful sound with humanistic and objective depth. He deliberately employed it in a manner appropriate to the poetic theme. The \"I\" voice was prominent in his poetry through the first-person pronoun and possessive suffixes, as well as the use of verbs that reinforce auditory presence. He depicted women through their attributes as an articulated and vocal presence, and he personified princes, ministers, and leaders through auditory images, either by representing the sounds they produce, the sounds they listen to, or the environments they move within. He also drew inspiration from the sounds of nature to enhance their sensory effect in his poetry, reflecting his awareness of the value of sound in the aesthetic construction of auditory images. His auditory images varied between loud and quiet, depending on the subject, and were closely linked to the recording of psychological emotions, granting his poetry a vast aesthetic horizon connected to life, nature, and existence.

Critical thinking is cognitive mental perceptions that are transformed by narrative intellectual discourse into applied methodologies with philosophical references, linguistic tools, and interpretive mechanisms that reside in text theortically and methodologically ; and applying procedure in the context of textual cohesion, harmony, and coherence that employs patterns in order to reveal syntactic structures . It also considers ties and references for capturing the systemic interaction in literary discourse . The aesthetic formation attracts the cultural pattern . It also manifests itself in the aesthetics in a context in which ideas and themes are consistent to build an integrated linguistic model that is realized in the text .Criticism evokes the procedural tools and interpretive mechanisms by which the text is dialogued and immersed in its systems as an objective linguistic existence matured with a vision, an event, and a stance towards man, existence, and the world. Reading the text is a narrative writing that reveals literary-creative text writing, and productive conscious reading that opens the horizons of textual contexts to build reading awareness. The text is related to expressive fields and various communicative linguistic patterns contained in its partial and total articulations that carry cognitive, aesthetic and literary values to reach a historiography positioned in the synthetic system, cultural format, and the semantic-textual context.

The research deekt with the Study and investigation of a footnote on the interpretation of AL- Baydawi (my God have mercy on him) by Imam Wahadi Effendi Al-Ruwmi (may God have mercy on him) (d. 1126 A.H.) of surah AL-Hajj in the interpretation, which is considered one of the most famous interpretations.

Imam Wahadi Effendi Al-Ruwmi (may God have mercy on him). Studied Surah Al Hajj from the linguistic, rhetorical and doctrinal aspects, and he reviewed many issues that need editing discussion and seek help from God.

This research deals with the study and investigation of a part of (Hashiyat ala Sharh al-Wiqayah) by its author, Mawla Muhyi al-Din Muhammad Ibrahim ibn Hasan al-Naksari (d. 901 AH), who is one of the great scholars of the Hanafi school of thought - may God have mercy on him - and he was a memorizer of the Qur’an.
This manuscript is the book of Tayammum. Sheikh Al-Naksari excelled in annotating this book and deciphering its expressions and words. His explanation was an illuminating key for the reader to understand, whether he was a beginner or advanced student of knowledge, in addition to scholars and jurists, because it contains many benefits in the principles of jurisprudence, language, and jurisprudence, due to the many and varied sources that he relied on in this annotation.
It included an explanation of a number of jurisprudential issues mentioned in the explanation of Al-Wiqayah, which needed investigation, clarification, explanation and interpretation. This commentary was complementary and helpful in understanding what was meant.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the skills of thinking history and the extent to which they are included in the history curriculum for the fifth grade from the point of view of the supervisors and teachers, and its sample consisted of supervisors specialized in the Directorate of Educational Supervision Directorate of Education of Nineveh Governorate and teachers of the history curriculum for the fifth grade literary preparatory in the schools of the Directorate of Education of Nineveh for the academic year (2023-2024), as the total number of its members reached (255) supervisors and teachers by (13) supervisors and supervisors, including (12) supervisors (1) supervisor, and (242) Teachers and teachers, including (143) teachers and (99) schools, and the researcher prepared the research tool (historical thinking skills), which consisted of (76) paragraphs in its final form distributed into five skills: (the skill of understanding historical situations (16) paragraphs, the skill of discovering historical evidence (20) items, the skill of analyzing historical issues and decision-making (18) paragraphs, the skill of positive influences (12) paragraphs, the skill of negative effects (10) paragraphs, with five alternatives included in the curriculum to the degree: (very large, large, medium, few, very few) by taking the opinions of the members of the research sample From the supervisors of specialization and teachers of the history curriculum, it was applied on Thursday (16/11/2023) and continued until Wednesday (27/12/2023) on the members of the research sample, and after collecting data and analyzing it statistically using the (t-test) test for two independent samples, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, reference mean, and relative weight, the researcher reached the following results:
1 – The percentages achieved for the skill of analyzing historical issues and decision-making amounted to (81.8) has achieved the first place, and the skill of understanding historical situations (81.72) and achieved the second place, has achieved the skill of negative effects ranked third and adult (79.36), while the skill of positive effects ranked fourth, which reached (78.7) The skill of discovering historical evidence has achieved the fifth and last place and adult (78.28) according to the point of view of the members of the research sample of supervisors competence.
-2 The achieved percentages of the skill of positive influences amounted to (74.4), it achieved the first place, while the skill of understanding historical situations reached (73.84) and achieved the second place, and the skill of discovering historical evidence ranked third and amounted to (73.42), while the skill of analyzing historical issues and decision-making ranked fourth, which amounted to (73.22), while the skill of negative effects achieved the fifth and last place of (71.42) according to the point of view of the members of the research sample of teachers of the history curriculum.
-3 There is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the averages of the scores of the members of the research sample in consolidating the historical thinking skills of the history curriculum for the fifth grade literary preparatory between the two points of view of the supervisors and teachers and in favor of the supervisors specialization.
The researchers came out with a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions, including that the supervisors have a good vision to include in the history curriculum the skills of historical thinking and the need for supervisors to emphasize the teaching of historical thinking skills during their visit to the teachers of the history curriculum. The Ministry of Education, the General Directorate of Curricula, requested the inclusion of historical thinking skills in accordance with historical scientific developments. The role of the history curriculum in developing historical thinking skills among fifth grade literary students from the point of view of specialized supervisors and teachers. The extent to which the history curriculum includes fifth grade literary students to highlight historical novels from the point of view of the supervisors and teachers.

In light of the great acceleration of the world and its transformation into a small village, some of them see the humanities as a burden on other sciences, and therefore must be disposed of, so how can these sciences join the ranks of other sciences, in particular: physics, chemistry, life sciences, mathematics, computer science and other sciences, and the major scientific achievements of these sciences at the human level, which varied between medical drugs, designs, software and inventions that facilitated the completion of many tasks in our daily lives faster, more accurate and less Through the discovery of artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence), which is one of the most important achievements of the twenty-first century, which without a doubt has reduced the human effort to accomplish a task in minutes or fractions of seconds that - so to speak - and the artificial intelligence revolution has made a huge qualitative leap in the field of science, whether scientific or human, as robots and computer systems have become the best alternative to humans at the present time, but what some of them overlooked Artificial intelligence is based on a series of purely human knowledge, so that these sciences are harnessed in proportion to the desired goals that the programmers of these systems seek to achieve.
The research aims to employ this tremendous scientific revolution (artificial intelligence) in the study and analysis of large amounts of ancient and modern historical texts, and then use machine learning techniques to process abundant amounts of texts, historical documents, newspapers and reports and analyze them in depth scientific analysis, and reveal the relationships between historical events that undoubtedly contributed to the development of new tools in the study and analysis of history material, and at the same time opened new horizons for a deeper understanding of civilizations and peoples.

The relations between the Ottoman Empire and its Christian subjects were determined by agreeing to appoint patriarchs and bishops according to a Sunni will according to the millet system that was introduced since the era of Sultan Mehmed II (Mehmed the Conqueror). With the developments of modern technology, artificial intelligence has become a basic necessity for analyzing Ottoman documents, and from here came our research “Artificial Intelligence and Historical Documents: Analysis of Ottoman Policies towards the Christians of the Mosul City 1889-1918” To shed light on an important period of Ottoman history and the policies of the Ottoman sultans towards the Christians of Mosul since the end of the conflict between the Syriac sect over Christian endowments.
The importance of the research lies in the fact that artificial intelligence is an effective tool in analyzing historical documents, especially with regard to studying Ottoman policies towards the Christians of Mosul more accurately by analyzing historical texts using natural language processing and analyzing royal correspondence and records of the Ottoman Empire to extract patterns related to rights and restrictions imposed. On Christians(NLP), Machine Learning(ML), In addition to digitizing Ottoman documents and analyzing them with artificial intelligence to transform historical documents into searchable digital texts and data using optical character recognition (OCR), and developing artificial intelligence systems capable of distinguishing Ottoman terms related to policies towards Christians, such as ahl al-dhimmi - millet - tribute... etc. . And learn about the phrases used in official orders to determine the stages of Ottoman militancy or tolerance towards Christians.

This research aims to clarify the specific objective behind the prohibition of small amounts of alcohol according to Ibn al-Humam. The study employs both inductive and analytical methodologies and is divided into an introduction and two main chapters .The first chapter addresses the definitions of the key terms in the title, consisting of four sections: 1. Definition of the purposes (maqasid) of Sharia. 2. Definition of specific purposes (maqasid juz’iyyah).3. Introduction to Ibn al-Humam. 4. Definition of alcohol.The second chapter discusses the specific objective behind the prohibition of small amounts of alcohol according to Kamal al-Din Ibn al-Humam. This includes analyzing and organizing the issues, documenting Ibn al-Humam’s statements, providing evidence that supports this objective, and studying the matter in detail. Each issue concludes with a concise summary.The study concludes with a general summary of the key findings and a comprehensive list of the primary sources and references relied upon during the research.

Research Purpose: Measuring radical thinking among university students.
Objective: To reveal the level of radical thinking among students at the University of Mosul.
Methodological: This study used the descriptive approach on a stratified random sample of 400 students in the second year and different disciplines for the academic year (2023-2024). The researchers designed a test to measure radical thinking and extracted the psychometric properties of the test (Validity and Reliability).
Results: The results indicated that the student's scores on the Radical Thinking Test were high. The arithmetic mean of the research sample in the test was 103 with a standard deviation of 3.17. When compared to the test default average of 80, it became clear that the arithmetic mean was higher and that the calculated t-value was 59.79, exceeding the tabular t-value of 1.96 at a significance level of 5% with 399 degrees of freedom.
Implications: The study highlights the impact of negative thought patterns on students' academic and social life and the need to develop positive thinking skills to counter these negative patterns.

This research examines the status of women in Islam by reviewing Qur'anic verses and Prophetic hadiths that address their rights and role in society. The research focuses on how the Holy Qur'an and Prophetic Sunnah treat women, emphasizing respect for their dignity and providing them with their rights in various aspects of life.
The research reviews the rights granted by Islam to women, such as their right to education, work, and inheritance, in addition to their rights as wives and mothers. It also presents the Prophet's (peace be upon him) positions in his interactions with women, both in his personal life and in his guidance to society.
The research aims to clarify how Islam presented a comprehensive vision of women's rights, distinct from the prevailing concepts in some ancient cultures and societies that limited women's rights. The research concludes that Islam guaranteed women a high status and gave them an important role in building society.

The research aimed to build a scale of contradictory ideas for middle school students. The research sample consisted of (400) male and female students for the fourth and fifth grades of the scientific specialization, with (28) paragraphs distributed over four dimensions. The researchers extracted the psychometric properties of the scale, which are represented by validity in its types. The stability of the scale was also verified by the retest method and the Cronbach's alpha method. The scale obtained an acceptable degree of validity and stability, and the scale became ready for application in future studies.

Transportation The Arabian Gulf region is considered one of the world’s largest regions in terms of oil reserves, with more than a third of global reserves and production . In addition, it is a wonderful global market for productive , consumer and military materials and services because of its weak industrial and agricultural base . This is what made it the main source of oil imports for Europe, the United States and Japan . Since the beginning of the war in 1980 , Iran has been able to put pressure on the Iraq economy by preventing its ships from navigating the Gulf . Based on the geographical advantage of Iran , which enjoys a wide view of the shores of the Gulf and control over the strait of Hormuz . Hence , the war moved from a land war to a war ( the tanker war ) until 1988 , which resulted in disastrous results , including the sinking of 102 tankers and about 145 merchant ships. As well as paving the way for US military intervention in the Gulf . The study comes as it shades light on the contemporary war battles that took place in the Gulf and still casts a shadow on the political , economic and social events to this day .

The current research aimed to develop a scale for Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) among students at the University of Mosul, The study population consisted of students at the University of Mosul during the academic year 2023/2024, totalling (44,333) students distributed across (24) colleges. To select the research sample, the researchers employed the stratified random sampling method, selecting (1800) students from ten colleges, distributed across five scientific disciplines and five humanities disciplines.
The researchers developed the scale in its initial form, which consisted of (56) items distributed across eight criteria: (preoccupation with details, organization, and order; perfectionism; excessive devotion to work; rigid conscience and morals; hoarding; self-centred approach to work; frugality in spending; rigidity and stubbornness). The items were presented with a five-point Likert scale (Always applies to me - Often applies to me - Sometimes applies to me - Rarely applies to me - Never applies to me).
The validity of the tool was established through face validity by presenting it to (33) experts from Iraqi universities. Additionally, construct validity and item discrimination were calculated, leading to the removal of (10) non-discriminatory items. Consequently, the final version of the scale consisted of (46) items. The reliability of the scale was assessed using the test-retest method, yielding a reliability coefficient of (0.83), and Cronbach’s Alpha method, which resulted in a value of (0.86). The results concluded with the successful development of a scale for Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder among students at the University of Mosul, ready for application.

This study aims to shed light on the natural and agricultural plant species in India, as documented in Arabic-Islamic sources between the 3rd and 8th centuries AH (9th to 14th centuries CE). The research primarily relies on primary sources, particularly geographical and travel literature, which classified these plants into two main categories: natural species and agricultural species.
These categories encompass spices, aromatic and medicinal plants, fruits, wild crops, agricultural produce, and forest trees, which contributed significantly to the biodiversity of plant and animal life in India. The study also explores marine and riverine plants, which played a crucial role in the daily lives of the population, being integral to their diet, livelihood necessities, and trade activities.
This study is limited to analyzing plant species explicitly mentioned in the primary sources, focusing on their uses and their importance to the economic and social life of the people of India during that era.

Grammatical analysis in Arabic grammar is based on two basic pillars. The first pillar is the syntactic analysis of grammatical structures, and the second is linear analysis, which is represented by the vertical and horizontal lines of the structure. The book (Contemporary Explanation of Sibawayh’s Book) by Dr. Hadi Nahar is one of the books that focused on two focuses in analyzing grammatical structures. In this study, we have shed light on the linear analysis - vertical and horizontal - in it. Linear analysis means looking at what is done in the structure vertically and horizontally. Vertical manipulation is by replacing a linguistic element in the structure with another that is brought from outside the speech event. As for horizontal manipulation, it is by looking at the linguistic mechanisms that occur in the structure, such as presenting, delaying, deleting some elements in it, separating two elements, and so on. Therefore, the study here is divided into two sections. In the first section, we dealt with vertical manipulation in the structure and its role in grammatical analysis. In the second section, we dealt with horizontal manipulation and what it includes of linguistic techniques of presenting, delaying, deleting, and separating two things. The aim of the study is to clarify the analytical foundations in Arabic grammar in general and in (Contemporary Explanation) in particular.

Syria fell under the French mandate, and Syria suffered throughout the mandate period from an internal division in order to impose French control over it. On the other hand, it implemented its policies through the French High Representatives who followed Syria throughout the mandate period. The French High Representative became a source of implementing the demands of the French authorities and began to absorb the anger of the Syrian people and tear apart the unity of Syria.
Perhaps the High Commissioner Gabriel Pio is one of these French delegates who worked to implement that policy.

Title: The Impact of Scholarly Upbringing on the Formation of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahid al-Malahi and His Role in Andalusian Society (7th/12th Century)
A scholarly upbringing played a pivotal role in shaping an individual's character through several fundamental aspects, including:
* The encouragement of Islamic teachings towards the pursuit of knowledge, as evidenced by the first revealed verse of the Quran to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him): "Read, in the name of your Lord who created" (Surah Al-Alaq, verse 1), alongside the Prophet's traditions (hadith) that encourage instilling knowledge in the hearts of children, such as: "Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim" (reported by Ibn Majah).
* The significant influence of the familial environment in which an individual is raised, which plays a crucial role in directing them towards a dedication to seeking knowledge.
This principle is applicable to the subject of this study, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahid al-Malahi al-Ghafiqi, whose upbringing in a scholarly family was instrumental in guiding him towards studying under dozens of sheikhs and scholars in Andalusia and the Islamic East. Consequently, he emerged as a prominent figure who played a significant role in the intellectual and practical life of Andalusia.
Therefore, this study necessitates an examination of the impact of scholarly upbringing on the formation of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahid al-Malahi and his establishment as an influential exemplar in Andalusia during the 7th/12th century.

The aim of the research is to identify: The effect of the task-based learning model (TBL) on the achievement of fifth-grade science students in the Holy Quran and Islamic education. The current research community was determined by all fifth-grade science students in the morning preparatory and secondary schools in the Directorate of Urban Education in Qayyarah for the academic year (2024/2025), numbering (556) students distributed in (47) secondary schools. The research sample consisted of (61) students from the fifth-grade science students for the academic year (2024/2025). After determining the research community, and the researchers obtained the book Facilitating the Task issued by the College of Education for Human Sciences / University of Mosul and the General Directorate of Nineveh Education, the researchers intentionally chose the first school, Tal Al-Shaer Secondary School, to represent the experimental group and the second, Al-Makook Secondary School for Boys, to represent the control group in order to apply his experiment to represent the research sample. After the researcher visited Tal Al-Shaer Secondary School for Boys, he found that the school administration had distributed fifth-grade science students to one section, so the researcher intentionally chose to represent the experimental group that will be studied. According to the task-based learning (TBL) model, and after visiting Al-Makook Secondary School for Boys, the researcher found that the school administration had distributed the fifth-grade science students into one section to represent the control group that would be taught according to the usual method. The number of research sample members was (61) students, where the experimental group was Section (A) including (31) students and the control group was Section (B) (30) students. No student was excluded statistically, due to the absence of failure cases among the students in the two groups, so that the sample in its final form became (61) students. To achieve the research goal, a tool was required: the achievement test in the Holy Quran and Islamic Education, which was prepared by the researchers. The tool became composed of (26) paragraphs in its final form. One of the researchers applied the topics of the experiment in the first semester of the academic year (2024-2025). After collecting the data and determining it statistically using the statistical methods available in the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (Spss), the results were as follows: 1 - There is a statistically significant difference between the two groups in achievement in favor of the experimental group with The highest arithmetic mean, which was studied according to the task-based learning model (TBL), and in light of the research results, the researchers came out with several conclusions, the most prominent of which is that the use of (the task-based learning model (TBL) in the process of teaching the Holy Quran and Islamic education raised the level of students’ achievement and their reception of the topics. The researchers recommended a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which is that the directorates of preparation and training in the education directorates should hold training courses for teachers of the Holy Quran and Islamic education on how to apply modern teaching models, including ((the task-based learning model (TBL()

Abstract
Many prominent figures appeared in Islamic history, who had an influential role in building Islamic societies This is through the great services she provided, and she was a source of giving wherever she went and went, including Ibn al-Nahhas al-Halabi. He is considered one of the most prominent scholars who appeared in the seventh century AH. The study was divided into two sections: the first It included the life and upbringing of Ibn al-Nahhas al-Halabi. The second section included the positions he held, represented by the judiciary, the emirate of Hajj, the bureaus, the treasury, the ministry, the supervisor of the mosque, and teaching, ending with his death.

The city of Mosul is full of many scientific and educational figures who have influenced the Mosul community in the field of culture, knowledge and love of science. Some of them have left their works and departed this world to a merciful Lord, and some of them are still continuing their giving like a flowing river that nourishes every land it passes through, Nihal Khalil Younis is one of the figures that the city of Mosul is proud of, and who has distinguished herself in the field of Islamic historical studies through her presentation of many books, research and works in her field of historical specialization, especially Islamic history. One of the reasons that prompted me to write about her is to honor her scientific and cognitive role and to give a clear picture of her personality, Nahal Khalil Younis quickly climbed the academic ladder due to her love for her specialty, which prompted her to submit many research papers that qualified her to obtain academic titles.

Pure sciences and linguistics in India during the era of the Islamic Delhi Sultanate
Indian heritage enjoyed a great place in the history of Arab culture, as it formed a tributary of its scientific and literary tributaries. It should be emphasized that external influences were strong and could not contribute to building any civilization (a people unless this people) was able to possess the mental and material capabilities that would enable it to absorb other cultures. Historians have described the Indian culture as one of the nations with ancient civilizations , Al-Jahiz, said: ((As for the nation, which is India, his mother is numerous, great in number, and luxurious in kingdoms. He has acknowledged her wisdom, and has approved her excellence in the arts of knowledge, all past sciences and past centuries.) For all nations throughout the ages, India has been a symbol of wisdom, a source of justice and politics, a people of clear dreams, virtuous opinions, and walking examples.

The study aims to identify the level of university quality of life and psychological empowerment among students of the College of Education for Humanities. It also seeks to examine statistical differences in these two variables based on gender and academic year, as well as to explore the relationship between university quality of life and psychological empowerment. The sample consisted of 300 students, selected using a stratified random sampling method.
To achieve the research objectives, the researchers developed two instruments and established their psychometric properties, including validity, discriminant power, and reliability. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed the following:
1. Students of the College of Education for Humanities demonstrate an above-average level of university quality of life and a high level of psychological empowerment.
2. There are statistically significant differences in university quality of life based on gender, favoring males, and based on academic year, favoring first-year students.
3. There are no significant differences in psychological empowerment based on gender. However, significant differences were found based on academic year, favoring fourth-year students.
4. A positive correlation exists between university quality of life and psychological empowerment.
Based on these findings, the researchers recommend organizing academic activities to enhance students’ university quality of life. Additionally, they suggest conducting a comparative study between the Colleges of Education for Humanities and Pure Sciences regarding university quality of life.

The cognitive trend that Arabic rhetoric followed greatly clarifies the approach with cognitive linguistics research that focused on what is known as the conceptual structure in mental representation and what mental space constitutes and what the human mind stores of the ability to build concepts according to certain methods of cognitive organization. Everything that our cognitive rhetoric has presented in presenting the mechanisms of mental thinking, especially in the subject of inference with its types, images, and hypothetical possibilities, in addition to mental measurements in division, exploration, induction, and representation, is an innovative work ahead of its time and in some way imitates artificial intelligence Especially in the process of (indoctrination engineering) that simulates the human mind when it directs artificial intelligence solutions to generate the outputs it desires, it requires detailed information to create high-quality and relevant outputs, but there is a difference that lies in the (essence of intelligence) that reflects the human thinking pattern, What is called “smart reality” is not undertaken by artificial intelligence. This intelligent style is evident in our cognitive rhetoric with its communicative dimension, taking into account the speaker’s intent and intentions and the listener’s condition and circumstances; to cover in an organized, systematic manner the space that produced the famous saying “There is a time and place for every situation.”

Jihad on children, women, slaves, the sick, and others with valid excuses, as articulated by Imam Ibn al-Humam in his book "Fath al-Qadeer." The research aims to clarify the jurisprudential reasons behind exempting these groups from the obligation of jihad, supported by evidence from the Quran, Sunnah, and scholarly opinions.

The study reveals that Islamic law considers the circumstances of these groups: children are not obligated due to their lack of legal responsibility, women are occupied with their household duties, slaves are bound to serve their masters, and the sick are unable to endure the hardships of combat. This exemption reflects a significant jurisprudential objective, which is to balance the performance of duties with the preservation of lives and interests, in line with Sharia principles such as "removing hardship" and "facilitation.".

Time is of great importance in literary work, and the poet Ibn al-Abbar’s experience crystallizes in the present through his confrontation with his pains and lost aspirations, and this moment becomes the standard by which he judges what came before and what will come. In light of the pain and disappointment he experiences, the poet finds himself unable to adapt to his lived reality, which prompts him to drift behind the past, which preserves for him an ideal image of happiness and reassurance, as the poet sees it as a reference to what his present should have been. While he contemplates his miserable reality, an endless comparison emerges before him between a lost dream and an opportunity that has ended, which feeds his feelings of helplessness and sadness. The duality of past and present appears between a previous stage that the poet lived through and remained stuck in his memory and a later stage. It is natural that people in general and poets in particular do not look at events and facts at the time, but rather recall them at a later time in their lives, since these events affected his soul and pushed him to take positions. The poet constantly recalls his past and tries to return to it because he finds in it an outlet. Positive and negative time also appear in the poet when he deals with an issue or event, and this stems from its effect on him, as the emotional and psychological state of the creator is closely linked to his literary production. The poet’s expression often stems from his vision of the things and circumstances he faces, to depict his psychological state through his poetry, and take a position based on that. Therefore, the temporal structure, with its transformations and connotations, plays an important and distinctive role in revealing and clarifying the poet’s psychological state.

This research deals with the partial purpose of provisions and a mount in the Hajj of the poor according to Imam Al-Kamal Ibn Al-Humam. I followed the inductive and analytical approach, and divided the research into an introduction and two sections. The first section: I made it to define the vocabulary of the title, and it included five demands. The first demand: defining the objectives of the Sharia, the second demand: defining the partial objectives, the third demand: defining Ibn Al-Humam, the fourth demand: defining provisions and a mount, the fifth demand: defining Hajj. As for the second section, it included: The partial purpose of requiring provisions and a mount in the Hajj of the poor is to facilitate it. This issue was studied and arranged in three stages: documenting Ibn Al-Humam’s words, then studying the issue, and finally concluding it with a brief summary of the issue. Then I ended the research with a conclusion, which includes the most important results I reached, then I mentioned the most important sources and references that I relied on in this research.

The Holy Quran is filled with scientific references and cosmic verses, each of which invites reflection and contemplation, with sound human nature, it leads to a greater sense of awe and submission to the truth.
This study respectfully aims to explores the concept of fluctuation as presented in the Holy Quran, using the natural cycle of night and day as a model, The research highlights how this phenomenon is presented as evidence of the power and wisdom of God in the creation of the universe, Furthermore, the study aims to derive valuable life lessons and reflections from this concept, as much as possible.
The research is titled "The Verses of Fluctuation in the Quran (Change of Night and Day as a Model) An Objective Study.

The research dealt with studying and investigating the commentary of Muhammad bin Ali Al-Qara Baghi (may Allah have mercy on him) (d. 942 AH) on the interpretation of Al-Baydawi (may Allah have mercy on him) (d. 685 AH), (for Surat Al-Humazah) in the interpretation which is considered one of the most famous interpretations. Sheikh (Muhammad bin Ali Al-Qara Baghi) studied the Surah and the differences in the place of its revelation, and studied it from the linguistic and rhetorical perspective, and highlighted the statements of the interpreters mentioned in (Interpretation of Al-Humazah) and other issues which helps to illuminate multiple dimensions of this Surah which warns against mocking others and boasting about money. The research plan required that it include an introduction, two parts, a conclusion, and an index of sources and references. The first section: It included the introduction to the research, the reasons for choosing it, its importance, previous studies, difficulties, and the research plan. The first section was concluded with a translation by Sheikh Muhammad bin Ali Al-Qara Baghi, a description of the manuscript copies with pictures of its beginning and end. As for the second section: It included the investigation of (Surat Al-Humazah), and the conclusion included a summary of the results I reached during this research, and a list of sources and references.

The manuscript (Muntakhab Thawaab Al-A’mal) is considered one of the valuable manuscripts, given that its author is The Guardian and hadith master Abu Al-Sheikh Al-Isfahani (d. 369 AH), especially since he had a high chain of transmission, which reflects the features of the hadith renaissance in the advanced eras of narration. This manuscript included prophetic hadiths, narrations, and some poetic verses that encourage the virtues of deeds. It came in one hundred and twenty-two (122) pages, and each page included two panels. In this study, I limited myself to Six (6) hadiths from them, to demonstrate their importance and for the sake of practicing criticism and graduation, by judging the chain of transmission of the hadiths as sound or weak. The result of this study was one (1) good hadith, four (4) weak hadiths, and one (1) fabricated hadith.

The research focused on the city of bushang, which is one of the important cities of Khorasan, which was a link between the city of Nishapur and other cities of Khorasan, and its most famous scientists were highlighted during the Abbasid era, as many scholars of bushang emerged who had scientific trips from their native bushang, between Nishapur, Baghdad, the Levant and others, and they were influenced and influenced by their various sciences, especially in fiqh, Sharia, Hadith, grammar, literature, poetry and others, and most of them the Abbasids at the hands of its great sheikhs at that time, in its regular and Islamic schools, Sufi schools, mosques, corners and other places of education, and the most famous of these scholars is Muhammad ibn Ibrahim bin Said al-bushnji (290h), Ali bin Ahmed bin Sahl al-bushnji (348h), and Abdul Rahman Bin Muhammad Bin Al-Muzaffar Al-bushnji (467h).

All moral values derive their origin from the human personality and are closely and closely linked to him and are among the components of his personality. They guarantee for him the existence of his being and the resulting physical powers. They guarantee for him the existence of his being and the resulting physical or mental powers, and the recognition of the existence of this person and his protection in the face of others. The rights related to the personality began to increase and acquire an identity, especially in contemporary laws and in the modern legal system. The international community has been keen to affirm these basic human rights in many international charters, as well as in the constitutions of countries, and the names given to them have varied, including (general rights, basic rights, or rights inherent in or attached to the personality), which are the rights that represent the components and elements of personality in all its various manifestations. Which expresses the person’s authority and will over these components and elements to develop this personality and protect it from assault, and these are rights that have no relation to the person’s financial rights.
Many civil personal rights have been affected by the development of artificial intelligence, and the most affected by this development was the right to privacy, which is the basis of the rights pertaining to the personality. Making this right appear in a distinct way, especially with the nature of dealing with people’s personal data, the impact of artificial intelligence on the right to privacy appeared through the transformations that appeared in the concept and nature of this right, with the emergence of new aspects of rights falling under the name of the right to privacy that require protection linked to the emergence of artificial intelligence, and with this we will discuss (the impact of artificial intelligence on rights related to the personality).

The current research aims to identify The effect of an educational program according to the( Gilbert-Neff) theory in reducing self-abasement among students at the University of Mosul. The research community consisted of (44,333) male and female students from all of Mosul’s (morning) colleges, which numbered (24) colleges. The diagnostic sample consisted of (1,822) male and female students distributed among the university’s colleges and departments. The basic research sample consisted of (60) female students from the College of Basic Education, Kindergarten Department, distributed into two groups: an experimental group numbering (30) and a control group numbering (30). To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the self-abasement scale that she prepared in her thesis. She also used the educational program that she prepared in her thesis. The experimental design was chosen with two groups (experimental and control) and with two educational pre and post-tests. The equivalence process was carried out between the two groups in a number of variables. The program was applied over a period of (ten weeks) on the basic experimental sample, and the number of female students was (30). After the program ended, the post-test was conducted. The results showed that the sample members fell below the hypothetical mean, but they were within The average level of self-abasement, and there are statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups, which indicates the program's effect in reducing self-abasement. The researcher has put forward a number of recommendations and suggestions

The paper examines the impact of technology on human identity with a particular focus on Jennifer Haley's play The Nether. It portrays the ethical and psychological implications resulting from the connections between both the physical and the digital worlds. This study adopts the theoretical framework of posthumanism, drawing on N. Katherine Hayles's concept of the posthuman subject. It aims to challenge the humanist views that consider humans as the center of the universe. Instead, technology comes to prove that humans are no longer considered as single and autonomous beings. The study argues that humans invented technology, and it plays a major role in their lives nowadays. Through analyzing The Nether, the paper shows how difficult it becomes to distinguish between real and virtual as the boundaries turn out to be completely blurred. The paper questions how the interaction between humans and technology alters the notions of identity, embodiment, agency, and perceptions. By delving into the characters’ experiences, the study focuses on how the characters become posthuman or cyborg-like figures.
The paper concludes by highlighting the dangers behind merging both humans and digital technologies. Ultimately, it warns the audience in tech theatre of the negative impacts of technology and its ethical and psychological dilemmas.

This study examines "The Effect of the (PDEODE) Six-Dimensional Strategy on Developing Self-Concept Among Fifth-Grade Scientific Students." The researchers employed an experimental design with two equivalent groups: (experimental and control groups). The research sample consisted of (62) female students, with (32) in the experimental group and (30) in the control group. The results showed the superiority of the experimental group, which was taught using the Hexagonal Dimensions Strategy (PDEODE), over the control group, which was taught using the traditional method.
The researchers developed a self-concept scale consisting of (37) items, and the data was statistically analyzed using the (T-Test) for independent samples, the (T-Test) for paired samples, and (Cronbach's Alpha) equation.
The findings revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (experimental and control) concerning the pre-test and post-test in developing self-concept. Based on these results, the researchers provided several recommendations and suggestions.
One of the key recommendations was the necessity of guiding teachers of Quranic Studies and Islamic Education to apply the (PDEODE) Six-Dimensional Strategy due to its effectiveness in enhancing self-concept among fifth-grade scientific students.
Among the suggestions was conducting a study on (employing the (PDEODE) Six-Dimensional Strategy in developing Quranic reflection skills and deep thinking among Islamic Studies students).