Journal of Al Imam Al-Adham University College

The study of art and literature in modern Iraq is an important topic because of its
central role in expressing national identity, especially after the establishment of the
modern Iraqi state in the twentieth century. Art and literature play a fundamental role
in expressing national identity and a sense of belonging, and are also a tool of sym
bolic knowledge. Art and literature in modern Iraq have remained a mirror of national
identity, combining the ancient past with the complex present, to express shared chal
lenges and hope. Thus, art and literature have become the voice and identity of Iraq,
expressing the hopes and aspirations of its people for a better future

The phenomenon of corruption is considered one of the dangerous phenomena that
appeared in multiple and diverse forms in Iraq, especially after the year 2003, due to
the absence of oversight, the waste of money, and the spread of the phenomenon of
terrorism. The emergence of corruption in all its administrative, financial, political,
economic, and social types has an impact on development and construction, destroy
ing the economy, financial and administrative capacity, and thus weakening the state.
To face the challenges necessary to build and spread a culture of transparency and
democracy.
Therefore, it is the responsibility of governments to fight corruption by creating a
set of deterrent and decisive legislation for this phenomenon, emphasizing the rule of
law and the judicial system, and spreading a culture of integrity and transparency, thus
creating deterrence and punishment for the perpetrators of corruption crimes.
Keywords: )corruption, embezzlement, bribery, integrity commission, financial
oversight(

The World Trade Organization defines e-commerce as: “an integrated set of trans
actions, establishing commercial relationships, and completing production, distribu
tion, marketing, and sale transactions via electronic means.” It involves the buying
and selling of goods over the Internet and other global commercial networks. If this
is the case or concept of e-commerce, then e-commerce contracts—the subject of this
thesis—are defined as: “an agreement in which an offer and acceptance meet over an
international telecommunications network.” It is also an agreement in which an offer
to sell items or provide services is expressed using audio-visual broadcasting over an
international telecommunications network, and acceptance is met through communi
cation between information systems.
In other words, an e-commerce contract involves an offer expressed in terms of
services, i.e., an automated remote communication service between information sys
tems. This service is a service of a special nature or of known origin provided over a
telecommunications network. The latter refers to any transmission, transfer, broadcast,
or reception of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, or instructions of any nature,
whether wired, optical, radio, or any other system.” It is noteworthy that most of the
established attribution rules have focused on addressing the most common issues, or
facts of an international nature, such as attribution rules related to international con
tracts or liability arising from tortious acts. However, what concerns us in the issue
under investigation is that traditional conflict of laws rules, particularly those relating
to contracts, have not taken into account the possibility of concluding international
contracts via electronic spaces. While international commercial contracts are easy to
attribution according to traditional attribution rules, such as the place of conclusion
or execution of the contract, it is difficult to attribution electronic contracts concluded
in an electronic environment. It is difficult to determine the place of conclusion or
execution of the electronic contract because the contract is linked to more than one

This study aims to extract the jurisprudential principles related to marriage from
the book Al-Ashbah wa al-Na'a'ir by Ibn Nujaym Al-'anafi. It provides an analysis of
these principles by explaining their terminology, summarizing their general meaning,
identifying the evidences upon which they are based, and presenting their practical
applications, along with any possible exceptions.
The research adopts both the inductive and deductive methodologies. The book
Al-Ashbah wa al-Na'a'ir was thoroughly examined to extract the jurisprudential prin
ciples related to marriage, after which practical applications were derived from 'anafi
jurisprudence sources and categorized under these principles.
The study concludes that Ibn Nujaym )may Allah have mercy on him( included
more than eleven jurisprudential principles related to marriage in his book. However,
this study focuses on a selection of them.

Title of the research: The permissibility of taking a fee for, reciting the Qur’an, by
the scholar, jurist, and teacher Amr Allah Muhammad bin Muhyi al-Din, known as
Zirka Zadeh al-Husayni al-Rumi, who died in the year )1008 AH(, an investigative
study, in which the author responded to the letter written by the virtuous and famous
master Muhammad Ali al-Marhum regarding the prohibition of taking a fee for re
citing the Qur’an. The author has proven the permissibility of this and similar acts
of worship with definitive and conjectural evidence based on what is established in
the books of the Hanafi school, especially al-Hidayah. We have divided our work in
the investigation into three sections, two of which are for the academic section and
one for the investigative section. The first section includes two requirements, and the
second: likewise. As for the third: we have made it for the verified text, and we ask
God Almighty to make this work purely for the sake of His Generous Face, and to
benefit us and the Muslims with what we have presented, and may God’s prayers and
Peace be upon the most honorable of messengers, our master Muhammad bin Abdul
lah Al-Quraishi Al-Hashemi and his family and companions

This study explores the relationship between religions and music, focusing on
Christianity and Judaism, through two main aspects: the jurisprudential stance and
the spiritual influence of music. The research aims to analyze religious rulings and
doctrinal perspectives on music in these two faiths, as well as examine its impact
on the spiritual practices of believers. The first chapter discusses the jurisprudential
stance on music in Christianity and Judaism. In Christianity, music plays a central
role in religious rituals, with hymns and melodies enhancing worship and spiritual
reflection. The major Christian denominations (Catholicism, Orthodoxy, and Protestantism)
hold varying perspectives on the nature and significance of religious music
within church services. In Judaism, music has been a fundamental component of
religious ceremonies and celebrations, historically used in ancient temples and continuing
to play a central role in prayers and Jewish traditions. References to music
in the Torah and Talmud highlight its significance in Jewish worship. The second
chapter examines the spiritual influence of music in Christianity and Judaism. In
Christianity, music profoundly enhances both personal and communal spirituality,
with hymns and psalms fostering a sense of peace and contemplation. In Judaism,
religious melodies serve as a means of strengthening cultural and religious identity,
while also deepening the worship experience in traditional rituals. The study
concludes that music holds a prominent position in both Christianity and Judaism,
whether in terms of ritualistic functions or spiritual enrichment. It plays a crucial
role in reinforcing faith and shaping religious identity, paving the way for further
research on the influence of music in various religious traditions.
Keywords: (Christianity, Judaism, religious music, church rituals, hymns, psalms,
religious jurisprudence, Torah, Talmud)

The issue of the creation of Heaven and Hell is one of the issues on which the
ummah’s opinions agreed. This issue has been disputed by the deviant Mu’tazilites
and Jahmites. While this issue can be expressed in a unified manner—with the exception
of a few deviants—there is also the issue of Hell’s extinction, on which opinions
differed into five. One of these opinions was adopted by two of the most prominent
scholars of this ummah, who differed from the Sunnis on this issue: Ibn Taymiyyah
and Ibn al-Qayyim. We have detailed the opinions and presented their evidence in this
research, favoring the opinion that, after examining the evidence, appeared to us to be
more likely. I have divided the topic into three sections. In the first section, I defined
Heaven and Hell and their names. In the second section, I discussed the creation of
Heaven and Hell. In the third section, I explained the disagreement over the extinction
of Heaven and Hell.
Keywords: Creation of Heaven and Hell, extinction of Heaven and Hell, eternity in
bliss and torment, Islamic groups, Islamic beliefs

In addition, emphasis was placed on linking the content of the Surah to contemporary
challenges and issues that individuals may face in our current society. The research
was directed towards understanding how the Holy Quran in general, and Surah
Al-Qamar in particular, can be a guide and a guide for man in his life and direct him
towards goodness and spiritual and moral progress.
)key words): Quranic principles. Surah Al-Qamar . Derived Rulings.The Holy
Quran

Allah has endowed humans with the ability to appreciate beauty and has adorned
their speech with the nuances of expressive delicacy. A poet differs from other people
in that he is more precise in imagery and more skillful in description due to his height
ened sensitivity and refined taste. Accordingly, this research adopts a critical approach
to explore the depths of Arabic poetic verses, studying and investigating the farthest
degrees of artistic creativity in their formation. Thus, the idea arose to investigate the
concept of the poetic image. Many studies have been conducted on this concept to
clarify the artistic traits in the creation of those images, characterized by a distinctive
poetic taste that leads the poet to profound reflection on what they have composed.
This places the reader in a realm of astonishment and enjoyment from those artistic
portraits and the skilled, creative imagery. The poetic image has thus had a significant
impact in showcasing the most beautiful poetic images in regular artistic forms

This study aims to measure “the effectiveness of an instructional program based on
interactive video in developing learning motivation towards physics among fifth-grade
learners.” The study adopted the experimental approach using a pre- and post-test
design for two groups: experimental and control. The instructional program covered
topics from the fifth-grade physics curriculum, where interactive lessons were designed
using interactive video technologies. This abstract provides detailed elements
about the steps and procedures followed, including the importance of integrating technology
and education.
Keywords:(instructional program, interactive video, development of learning motivation,
physics, fifth-grade learners).

Ilm al-Kalam is an Islamic science focused on defending Islamic creed and explaining
the principles of faith using rational andscriptural arguments. It emerged in the
1st century AH as a response to the rise of various sects and intellectual debates and
later expanded to address topics like monotheism, divine attributes, predestination,
and the relationship between reason and revelation. Its key feature is the use of logic
and philosophy in discussing theological matters, and rational evidence to respond to
opponents.
Keywords: Theology, theologians, function, subject, factors of its
emergence.

This study aims to analyze the development of Arab–Arab relations in light of re
gional and international changes that have influenced their course over the decades. It
addresses key questions concerning the impact of global and regional political shifts
on the nature and extent of cooperation among Arab states. The study traces the his
torical trajectory of these relations and examines external influences such as U.S. and
Russian policies, as well as regional dynamics including wars, the Arab Spring, and
the growing influence of regional powers. Utilizing analytical and historical method
ologies, the research seeks to provide a scientific understanding of the transformations
in Arab relations. The significance of the study lies in its contribution to clarifying the
path of Arab cooperation within a changing global context, offering insight into the
challenges and opportunities shaping the future of inter-Arab collaboration

There is no doubt that sarcasm is a phenomenon that has a critical dimension and
its clear impact on literary life and its repercussions on society. The story in modern
Arab literature is recreation and self-irony is a hidden stimulus and reform goal. We
have written and translated the storytelling princess Badawi who was able to mix between
these components in a calm and purposeful way pushes Tired of narration and
bored repetition and opens new horizons for the reader to enable him to determine
his literary location, our study was launched in the search for the results of its content
the direct contact between the storyteller and his community, and we drew women as
a model for the other half of society and we put the hand of analysis on the divisions
and types of women in the Magazine With, behavioral levels and their relationship to
the human condition.
Key words:Princess Badawi, satire, stories, society, women.

This study aims to analyze the development of Arab–Arab relations in light of re
gional and international changes that have influenced their course over the decades. It
addresses key questions concerning the impact of global and regional political shifts
on the nature and extent of cooperation among Arab states. The study traces the his
torical trajectory of these relations and examines external influences such as U.S. and
Russian policies, as well as regional dynamics including wars, the Arab Spring, and
the growing influence of regional powers. Utilizing analytical and historical method
ologies, the research seeks to provide a scientific understanding of the transformations
in Arab relations. The significance of the study lies in its contribution to clarifying the
path of Arab cooperation within a changing global context, offering insight into the
challenges and opportunities shaping the future of inter-Arab collaboration

Water resources hold immense significance in the lives of nations, playing a fun
damental role in the development of civilizations since the dawn of humanity. They
are a crucial factor in the foundation and progress of states, directly influencing their
economic stability, social well-being, and overall prosperity.
Iraq’s share of water has been one of the most pressing challenges in Iraqi-Turkish
relations, as it represents a contentious issue between the two countries. However,
cooperation remains minimal due to Turkey’s refusal to recognize Iraq’s water rights.
From the outset, Turkey has claimed that the waters of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
belong to it, as they originate within Turkish territory. Consequently, Turkey does not
consider itself legally responsible for ensuring Iraq’s water needs and does not adhere
to international laws that mandate the fair distribution of water among riparian states
while preventing harm to other nations.
As a result, Turkey has conditioned Iraq’s access to water on safeguarding its
own developmental and economic interests. This unequal approach has led Iraq to
challenge Turkey’s water policies and demand its legitimate rights to the Tigris and
Euphrates. Despite Iraq being the primary beneficiary of these rivers as they flow
through its territory, Turkey has persisted in implementing its large-scale Southeastern
Anatolia Project. By maintaining its stance that the Tigris and Euphrates are Turkish
rivers, Turkey has granted itself the authority to exploit these waters as it sees fit, con
structing dams according to its strategic vision. This has enabled Turkey to use water
as a political tool to exert influence over Iraq’s water security, while simultaneously
utilizing these resources for domestic consumption, hydroelectric power generation,
and export

This research highlights the significant role that China and India play in reshaping
the global economic landscape after World War II. Thanks to their continuous eco
nomic growth, China and India have become a focus of interest for various think tanks
and specialized economic institutions worldwide. The Chinese and Indian experiences
have gained importance due to their remarkable economic achievements, transforming
from some of the most underdeveloped countries to economic powerhouses. There
fore, it is essential to study these pioneering developmental experiences, tracing their
dimensions, stages, and transformations, and extracting valuable lessons from them.

The research aims to know the reflection of strategic thinking skills (reflective
thinking, reformulating thinking, systemic thinking) in organizational change strategies
(persuasion, power, directed awareness) in the cotton factory - Baghdad, due to
the importance of the two topics and the expected results and to provide a number of
recommendations that contribute to the application of the best programs in organizational
change in the cotton factory, and to investigate the extent to which the highest
levels are achieved in formulating strategic thinking strategies. The descriptive and
analytical approach was used, as well as the use of the statistical program (SPSS).
A purposeful sample of (21) managers was selected. To achieve the goal of the research,
a questionnaire was developed using some of the previous studies in order to
measure the research variables. The research reached a set of results through the application,
the most prominent of which was that there is no impact on organizational
change strategies at the overall level, and the most prominent recommendations were
the necessity of involving managers and heads of departments in formulating the strategic
thinking of the organization.
Key words: Strategic thinking skills, organizational change strategies, cotton factory.

The science of recitations was the first knowledge that the eminent Companions
received from the Messenger of God (may God bless him and grant him peace). They
learned it directly from him without intermediary, and they used to recite it in seven
letters.
Paying attention to the Noble Qur’an is an honor that Muslims strive for and a requirement
sought by working scholars, in which competitors compete. The honorable
Companions (may God be pleased with them) exerted their utmost efforts in transmitting
this book as they received it from the mouth of the Prophet (may God bless him
and grant him peace), and they memorized it and perfected its readings, and it was
transmitted from them generation after generation.
The science of recitations spread with the spread of Islamic conquests, to the point
where people disagreed about it, so it became necessary to address this disagreement,
and the need became urgent for a science that distinguished the authentic and frequent
ones from the abnormal and rare ones.
The first to write down the science of Quranic readings was Abu Ubaid al-Qasim
bin Salam in 224 AH in his book (The Readings), and after him came many scholars
who followed his footsteps, may God Almighty have mercy on them.
It is well known among the later scholars, especially among the scholars of jurisprudence,
that the recitations are divided into two types: frequent and odd, but Imam
al-Balqini divided them into three: frequent, odd, and odd. Mutawatir: which is what
was narrated by a group, and it is not possible for them to conspire to lie about someone
like them to the end of the chain of transmission.
Al-Ahād: This is what has an authentic chain of narration, and contradicts the
script or the Arabic language, or is not well-known for the aforementioned type, and
this type is not read with it, and it should not be believed. The abnormal: it is the
one whose chain of transmission is not authentic, so the evidence for it is based on

This study addresses the use of human embryos and other substances expelled from
the womb in the production of cosmetic products. In recent times, there has been a
growing trend in utilizing what is discharged from a woman’s womb, such as embryos
and placenta, in cosmetics.
Cosmetic products are defined as various synthetic or natural substances prepared
through specific methods for the purpose of beautification, personal care, enhancing
physical appearance, increasing attractiveness, or improving scent.
In this research, I emphasized the Islamic perspective on the dignity and sanctity
of the human being, whether alive or deceased, and the prohibition of violating this
sanctity or any part of the human body. It is important to understand that this divine
honor granted by Allah to humans is not conditional upon one’s faith, appearance, or
gender; rather, it is a universal dignity bestowed upon all humans since the moment
of creation.
The study reviews the opinions of jurists regarding the permissibility of consuming
carrion (dead flesh) in cases of necessity, and based on this, a legal analogy (qiyas)
was drawn regarding the permissibility of using embryos or substances from the
womb strictly in cases of necessity and in the absence of alternatives, and only within
medical fields.
Some usuli (legal theory) principles derived from Islamic legal evidences were
discussed, such as the maxim: “Necessities permit prohibitions.” The study also
presents Qur’anic and Prophetic evidences that scholars have used to derive this
principle.
The conclusion of the study is that, as a general rule, the use of human embryos for
cosmetic or medical purposes is prohibited, except in cases of necessity and the lack
of alternatives. The research also ends by presenting the medical perspective on the
use of embryonic cells in cosmetics, highlighting their significant benefits in skin re