The White Dome Journal

Islamic law clarifies the rights of human beings, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) urged Muslims to preserve and fulfill these rights, because Muslims are like one body. Among these rights is following the funeral procession of a Muslim who dies
Women are equal to men in terms of rulings, except for those that harm them and their covering. Therefore, Islam has preserved women›s rights and duties, including attending and following funeral prayers. All of this clarification is intended to protect women and their covering. Jurists have explained this ruling in their books, relying on legal texts from the Qur›an and Sunnah, as well as the
sayings of the Companions and jurists .

Here, we analyze President Joe Biden’s posts on the Russia-Ukraine war to examine linguistic and rhetorical strategies as rhetorical devices used and their impact on meaning, representation, and persuasion. Analysis: Biden’s words have evolved amid geopolitical developments, first with strong condemnation of Russia and then as geopolitical developments reduced the urgency of the threat and Biden’s response shifted to more diplomatic rhetoric. His words are winning him support in the West while warning Russia there will be consequences if the conflict spreads; less than 24 hours after addressing Parliament, he spoke again to world leaders, asking them to send Ukraine more weapons. This study contributes to the fields of political discourse analysis and digital communication, as it publishes research that discovers the role of mediated discourse in shaping global conflict narratives.

Among the important and essential topics in the studies of jurisprudence, both ancient and modern, is the search for how to make methods and the important results that result from them related to the mechanism of combining de facto rulings with apparent rulings, which became popular among jurisprudents in the field of answering the questions posed by Ibn Qubbah regarding the possibility of acting on conjecture as an act of worship.
This is the reason why scholars of the principles of jurisprudence (usul) dealt with this topic within the scope of conjecture, even though some scholars of the principles of jurisprudence (usul) dealt with it within the scope of practical jurisprudence.

The aim of the research is to identify the effectiveness of the P.E.C.S strategy in acquiring grammatical concepts among second-year middle school students, and in developing their mental motivation as well. The research community is represented in middle and secondary day schools in Baghdad Governorate/Third Rusafa Education Directorate, and the (Ahl Al-Kisaa› Boys›) Intermediate School was chosen intentionally to be a sample for the research. The researcher formulated four hypotheses for his research, and adopted the experimental method as a method for it with a partially controlled design represented by the experimental and control groups and two post-tests and a reference.
The researcher prepared his research tools, namely the grammatical concepts test and the mental motivation scale. He prepared the concepts test according to scientific steps, while he adopted the California mental motivation scale after adapting it to the Iraqi environment and his research sample. The researcher formulated the behavioral objectives for the Arabic grammar topics for the first semester, and prepared study plans for them according to the P.E.C.S strategy and the traditional method. Then, he implemented the experiment in the first semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. The research results concluded that the students of the experimental group who studied according to the P.E.C.S strategy outperformed the students of the control group who studied according to the traditional method. The results also showed the effectiveness of the strategy in developing mental motivation among the students of the experimental group over the students of the control group. The researcher recommended the necessity of adopting active learning and problem-solving strategies to increase the desire and motivation of students to teach Arabic grammar, as well as restructuring and designing textbooks according to active learning strategies and skills, especially the P.E.C.S strategy.

It is no secret to those of sound mind the importance of manuscripts. They are unique historical documents, considered some of the rarest and most important sources that preserve the heritage of humanity across the ages. They also serve as a bridge between the past and the present, and a window through which we can view different cultures, civilizations, and sciences. The importance of manuscripts is not limited to being a source of historical knowledge alone, but they also serve as a living record of the intellectual, literary, and scientific developments that the world has witnessed throughout various eras.
The preservation of manuscripts is one of the priorities of scholars, historians, and those concerned with heritage, due to their significant role in presenting an accurate and comprehensive picture of human life, knowledge, and sciences throughout different periods. By studying manuscripts, we can understand the evolution of human thought, in addition to preserving the cultural identity of the peoples of the world.

The legal criminalization of drug and psychotropic substance crimes is a crucial issue due to its profound impact on individuals and society, as well as the legal and security challenges it presents. Drugs pose a significant threat not only to public health but also to the social and economic stability of nations, necessitating a strict legal framework to curb their spread.
This research aims to examine the legal frameworks governing drug-related crimes, analyzing legislative provisions that criminalize drug possession, use, trafficking, and distribution, along with the penalties imposed on offenders. It also explores international and national legal perspectives on drug-related offenses, highlighting the role of law enforcement and judicial authorities in combating these crimes.
The study is divided into two main chapters: The first discusses the theoretical framework, including the concept of drugs, their types, and their impact on individuals and society, as well as the legal dimensions of drug-related crimes in both national and international law. The second chapter focuses on the criminalization and penalties associated with drug crimes, analyzing judicial rulings and addressing the challenges facing the legal system in combating drug-related offenses.
The findings indicate that drug laws vary between countries in terms of severity, and that the effectiveness of legal policies in curbing drug proliferation relies on an integrated approach that includes legal, security, and awareness efforts. The study also emphasizes the need for enhanced international and regional cooperation to combat drug trafficking and limit its spread.

This research aims to identify the United Nations and its role in promoting homosexuality in Islamic countries by clarifying the concept of the United Nations and the concept of homosexuality as an introduction to this research and through the problems and major risks caused by the United Nations to the Islamic community, as the United Nations created a group of manifestations of change that made this concept linked to daily life in all economic, social, political, cultural and other aspects, and through modern technologies that negatively affected the Muslim citizen, so the United Nations played its role through its powers in imposing its opinions on countries, and among these countries are the Islamic countries through a group of decisions issued by them through which they can intervene in these countries. Keywords: United Nations, homosexuality, the role of the United Nations in spreading homosexuality.

This study aims to demonstrate the Ahl al-Bayt›s approach to uncovering the meaning of words in the Quranic text and to examine the linguistic and non-linguistic elements upon which they relied to define the meaning and bring it closer to the recipient. The study revealed that the Ahl al-Bayt present the mental meaning established in their minds based on a semantic threshold that serves as a starting point for explaining the meaning and motivating it, as a semantic feature that illuminates the text, making the recipient compliant, without doubt or hesitation. Their semantic discussions in directing the Quranic meaning varied, such as mentioning linguistic accompaniments and specifying the context. The significance and semantic documentation represented by mentioning the reasons for revelation and the interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an, and the Qur’anic readings specific to them, and revealing the inner meanings of the verses and the interpretive meaning, in addition to the belief that represented a basic basis in directing the meaning because of its effect in refining the verses from what was attributed to them of understanding that distances them from the spirit of the text and its objectives, especially with regard to the divine self and the infallibility of the prophets and directing the meanings of words, so there was in their statement a linguistic, semantic and cognitive richness that gave the text a miracle along with its miracle, and they moved with it to the space of creativity, so they made some of it speak for some of the other.

The current study aims to identify the causes of the spread of the private tutoring phenomenon in mathematics from the teachers’ perspective. The researcher used a descriptive survey approach to achieve the study’s objective. The research community consisted of mathematics teachers in Misan General Directorate of Education during the 2024-2025 academic year (governorate center). The researcher conducted a pilot study on a random sample of (100) mathematics teachers, both male and female, outside the research sample. A questionnaire was distributed containing an open-ended question: “What are the causes of the spread of the private tutoring phenomenon?” After collecting and sorting the questionnaires, the researcher obtained (31) paragraphs, which were presented to a group of experts and arbitrators. Three paragraphs were deleted, and six paragraphs were modified. The final form of the questionnaire consisted of (28) paragraphs distributed across four domains (student, mathematics teacher, school administration, and parents). The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were tested before it was distributed to the research sample of (80) mathematics teachers. The items “The difficulty of some mathematics topics and the length of the curriculum,” “The lack of consideration for individual differences among students,” “The large number of students in the class,” and “Their belief that private lessons guarantee success in the subject” received the highest percentages. The researcher personally supervised the distribution and collection of the questionnaire, and used the statistical program (SPSS) to process the data statistically. The researcher also presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The use of force in international relations has ancient practices and has appeared at the international level since the emergence of the term (state) to the present day. Most countries seek to resolve disputes by using force and through international disputes, despite the United Nations Charter prohibiting the use of force except within a very limited scope. However, we are witnessing the emergence of numerous wars of aggression between countries and during contemporary international law, and because of the dire effects of these wars, they must be restricted and some places should be kept away from targeting because they are necessary for the lives of civilians, including (civilian objects).

There is no doubt that the main objective of research in the science of the fundamentals of jurisprudence is to refine the rules that lead to knowledge of the legal ruling through the linguistic understanding of the legal statement, in other words, there are principles that must be observed and taken into consideration throughout the research in the science of fundamentals, namely: Knowledge alone is an absolute argument, and that speculation is not an argument, and also that the determination of the meanings of the legal evidence revealing the actual intentions of the Holy Prophet must be referred to the customary linguistic understanding, because the Holy Prophet was keen to address people in their languages in order to make his teachings clear to them.
The concept of the end, which is often discussed in the science of semantics and on which the science of the fundamentals of jurisprudence is based in deriving the legal judgment, is one of the most important aspects of this research, and its issue is the fundamentalist rationalization of this concept, indicating its limits and the opinions of scholars in it, as it is scattered in the modern frontier fundamentalist codes.
The nature of the research required that it be divided into three topics with a conclusion of the most important results reached by the research, the first of which dealt with the theoretical framework of the concepts, then the second topic came to clarify the meaning of the rule and the opinions of the scholars in the rise of the ruling canceled by an end after its occurrence, then the third topic came to clarify some of the fundamentalist applications contained in the concept of the end.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial decision-making. It also examines the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy between personal/cognitive variables and entrepreneurial decision-making.
Value: This study demonstrates the important role that universities play in developing entrepreneurial decision-making by highlighting the importance of cognitive and affective variables (such as creativity and entrepreneurial passion) in influencing university students’ entrepreneurial intentions. According to social cognitive theory (SCT), since the environment influences individual behavior, universities should encourage an entrepreneurial environment and enable the creation of new jobs and projects.
Methodology: Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of business and technology students in Brazilian universities. A total of 338 valid responses were obtained and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Data were collected using cross-sectional, stratified and non-cross-sectional sampling methods. All constructs were extracted from relevant literature in the field of entrepreneurship in order to address the research hypotheses and achieve the study objectives. The structural model was examined in terms of the goodness of fit of the model to allow for testing of the hypotheses.
The results: showed a positive direct and indirect relationship between entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial decision-making. As for the creativity factor, it was found that creativity indirectly affects entrepreneurial decision-making, and this relationship was mediated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy. No statistically significant differences were found in the models of age, gender, graduation program, entrepreneurial family background, and family income model.

This research aims to examine the Ming Dynasty›s (1368-1644) policy towards Xinjiang, a strategically significant region due to its location on the Silk Road and its role as a bridge between China, Central Asia, and the Islamic world. Unlike later dynasties, the Ming Dynasty did not pursue expansionist policies in Xinjiang but instead relied on trade, diplomacy, and alliances with local leaders rather than direct military intervention.
The study discusses the Ming Dynasty›s non-military approach to Xinjiang and its dependence on trade relations to maintain stability. It also explores the Ming administration’s stance toward the Uyghur Muslims, who enjoyed relative religious freedom and active participation in commerce, unlike in later periods when they faced repression.
Additionally, the research examines the economic and cultural impacts of this policy, highlighting how stability contributed to flourishing trade along the Silk Road and enhanced cultural exchanges between Uyghurs and Chinese. The study also compares the Ming Dynasty’s policy to those of other ruling dynasties, such as the Yuan Dynasty (Mongols) and the Qing Dynasty, which later annexed Xinjiang by force.
The research concludes that the Ming Dynasty’s policy contributed to economic and cultural stability in Xinjiang, but this stability was short-lived, as the region later became vulnerable to military interventions, especially under the Qing Dynasty. The study recommends further exploration of the role of trade and diplomacy in maintaining stability in China›s border regions throughout history.
This research aims to examine the Ming Dynasty›s (1368-1644) policy towards Xinjiang, a strategically significant region due to its location on the Silk Road and its role as a bridge between China, Central Asia, and the Islamic world. Unlike later dynasties, the Ming Dynasty did not pursue expansionist policies in Xinjiang but instead relied on trade, diplomacy, and alliances with local leaders rather than direct military intervention.
The study discusses the Ming Dynasty›s non-military approach to Xinjiang and its dependence on trade relations to maintain stability. It also explores the Ming administration’s stance toward the Uyghur Muslims, who enjoyed relative religious freedom and active participation in commerce, unlike in later periods when they faced repression.
Additionally, the research examines the economic and cultural impacts of this policy, highlighting how stability contributed to flourishing trade along the Silk Road and enhanced cultural exchanges between Uyghurs and Chinese. The study also compares the Ming Dynasty’s policy to those of other ruling dynasties, such as the Yuan Dynasty (Mongols) and the Qing Dynasty, which later annexed Xinjiang by force.
The research concludes that the Ming Dynasty’s policy contributed to economic and cultural stability in Xinjiang, but this stability was short-lived, as the region later became vulnerable to military interventions, especially under the Qing Dynasty. The study recommends further exploration of the role of trade and diplomacy in maintaining stability in China›s border regions throughout history.

There is no doubt that pre-Islamic poetry was closely linked to the environment of the Arabian Peninsula and its every detail. Poets depicted this environment in relation to their lives, portraying it with great precision. This can be understood and observed by reviewing the collections of pre-Islamic poets. Their expressions were not merely fleeting glimpses or random ideas that occurred to them; rather, their verses reflected daily life, covering even the most intricate aspects of the deserts and lands inhabited by the tribes of these poets .
Since the life of the Arab represented an image of the Bedouin environment, from the moment the Arab society emerged and its deep connection to its origin, it derived the characteristics of its life from that environment. Nature was thus an influential source in shaping their lives, images, and poetry. The poetic images created by the poets clearly reflect what they experienced in that land. Among the poets of this tradition was the great Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulma, whose poetry vividly depicted Bedouin life. This study, titled The Manifestations of Bedouin Life in the Poetry of Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulma, aims to present these. manifestations by reading his verses and analyzing this phenomenon to highlight its artistry and significance.

Throughout its long history, Islamic philosophy has been subjected to a series of criticisms, some of which turned into a war on this philosophy that ended with the disbelief of some of its scholars. Some of these criticisms carried the slogan of the intersection of the works of Muslim philosophers with the rules of religion, and some of them were a copy of a vision that Orientalists wanted to impose, while others departed from the slightest degree of objectivity because they were criticism for the sake of criticism.
The arbitrary reading is a title that the researcher quoted from a phrase in the book Insights into the Theory of Knowledge by Mu›tasim al-Sayyid Ahmed and then applied it to it ... A study that was concerned with overthrowing Islamic philosophy by adopting the mechanism of criticism for the sake of criticism and under the slogan : The works of Muslim philosophers contradict the insights of revelation!
The researcher adopted a dialectical method based on a set of rules that the reader will find clear and explicit, through which the author›s claims against Islamic philosophy are dismissed. Claims based on arbitrariness in criticism and, at times, departure from honesty in transmission.
The researcher progressed in presenting and criticizing the author›s conviction, starting with some of the preliminary requirements and issues - such as the definition of philosophy and the identity of Islamic philosophy - and ending with the requirement for which the research was designed (the topic of existence).

The canonization of the Church Fathers is a process of appreciating and honoring influential figures in the history of the Christian Church. They are considered role models and role models for believers. These fathers are chosen based on their contributions to theology and religious thought, and their work in serving the Church and spreading the Christian faith. The list of Church Fathers usually includes prominent saints. Such as Clement, Ignatius, Papias, and many others. Appreciation of these fathers varies between different Christian sects, but the main goal is to recognize their profound influence on the development of the Church and Christian theology. They are usually honored through prayer and religious ceremonies, naming churches and temples after their names as well, and documenting their history and teachings in religious books and articles. In this research, we will focus on introducing the early Church Fathers, explaining the forms of sanctification that Christians granted them, and their evidence for this sanctification.

In the midst of the efforts and questions that scholars and philosophers have undertaken in their research on the nature of death, knowing its reality, and determining its interpretation, the concept of death continues to occupy human thought and shake his feelings. In this research titled (A Qur’anic View on the Concept of Death), an attempt to clarify its concept according to the Quranic approach, as it is one of The basic facts in the universe, the balanced divine decrees, and the calculated and precise divine deadlines. One day, man must respond. To him. The Noble Qur’an is the truthful and authenticated one, and it is the only source from which we derive knowledge of the truth about death - in addition to the Noble Sunnah - and it is noticeable in the Qur’anic discourses that we do not find a surah of the Noble Qur’an that does not explicitly state this. In writing this research, I relied on the Holy Qur’an, the purified Sunnah of the Prophet, the narrations of the People of the House (may God’s prayers be upon them), and what the scholars, commentators, and theologians said, far from personal interpretations, as it represents an image of the world of the unseen, following the inductive approach in collecting scientific material from Ancient and modern sources in order to reach the research objectives.

The extent of the responsibility of the United States for the occupation of Iraq...!
There is a basic principle on which international law is based, which is that every act that violates a rule of law entails the responsibility of the one who committed it. Thus, we can decide in general that international responsibility in its traditional form arises as a result of an act that violates an international legal obligation committed by one of the subjects of international law, causing harm to another international subject, and that its purpose is to redress the harm or compensate for the harm that resulted or will result from this act.
This traditional concept of international responsibility has developed, as it is no longer limited to merely committing a violation of the legal rule, but its occurrence has become linked to the occurrence of harm resulting from an act, or abstention from an act committed by one of the international legal subjects, regardless of whether this act is an abstention or not.
The invasion of Iraq by the United States and its allied forces brought about many political changes at the local, regional and international levels, and constituted a decisive and dangerous turning point in the scientific, economic and political development of Iraq and the entire Arab region and international relations. The invasion overthrew the Iraqi state, dissolved its institutions and spread chaos in the country, after giving free rein to looting and sabotage groups to tamper with internal security and loot museums and public property, which changed many of the modern and old concepts that were prevalent in the country, turning the social structures into a fragmented body and an image based on religious, sectarian, religious and tribal orientations, and placing the unity and Arabism of Iraq under investigation and reconsideration as a result of the attack that coincided with the invasion and occupation and tampered with everything beautiful and left it on the brink of the abyss.!

The positions of Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi (d. 745 AH) in his book Al-Mawfur min Sharh Ibn Asfur can be summarized into three main stances. The first and most frequent stance is his agreement with the views of Sibawayh. The second stance, which is rare, is his disagreement with Sibawayh. The third stance is his mention of Sibawayh’s opinions without commenting on them, either in acceptance or rejection.
Regarding his position on Al-Akhfash Al-Awsat, Abu Hayyan often opposed his views, explicitly expressing his disagreements on multiple occasions throughout the book. However, in some cases, he agreed with Al-Akhfash on certain issues. Additionally, he sometimes mentioned Al-Akhfash’s views without providing any commentary on them.
In reality, all of Al-Akhfash’s views addressed by Abu Hayyan were fundamental in various grammatical issues. Abu Hayyan’s stance was objective, free from any biased tendencies or opposition for the sake of contradiction. A quick examination of the book reveals that Al-Akhfash was one of the most frequently cited grammarians by Abu Hayyan.

The research addresses the topic of monitoring the mechanisms of preparation in word generation. It highlights the importance of understanding these mechanisms for researchers and emphasizes the role of terminology related to preparation. It also refers to the concepts of \"Ablaut and Apophony\" as part of the connection between sounds and words, enhancing the understanding of how preparation affects language.
Furthermore, it clarifies the importance of reading in analyzing various concepts, pointing out the necessity of monitoring changes in these concepts and their impact on thinking. The research underscores the need for balance between analysis and application, noting the contradictions between traditional and modern concepts. Additionally, it discusses the significance of understanding the rules and types of preparation to ensure their alignment with the desired objectives.