The White Dome Journal

The current research aims to determine the effect of the effectiveness of the PEOE model on the achievement of middle school students in Arabic grammar. An experimental design with partial control and two groups, experimental and control, was chosen. The research sample consisted of (66) students, with (33) students for each group. The two groups were matched on the variables of intelligence, chronological age, and achievement of Arabic grammar for the fourth grade of middle school. Select (162) A behavioral purpose divided into five levels in relation to the cognitive field: remembering, comprehending, applying, and analyzing. To achieve accuracy and objectivity, a table of specifications for the achievement test consisting of (30) was prepared paragraph on the content of the study material, and to verify the null hypothesis: “There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average grades of the students in the experimental group and the average grades of the students in the control group who studied in the usual way In light of the findings of the current research, the researcher concluded that the effectiveness of adopting the POEO model in teaching raises the academic level and academic achievement of fourth-grade students. In light of the results reached, the research recommends adopting the (PEOE) model Training teachers of Arabic grammar in general to use modern teaching models based on constructivist theory, especially the PEOE model, and reorganizing the content of grammar curricula in the middle school in light of the PEOE model. ..”

In light of the increasing spread of extremist ideologies among youth, there arises an urgent need to reinforce the culture of moderation and balance, particularly during critical educational stages such as the intermediate (preparatory) level, which plays a pivotal role in shaping students’ personalities and intellectual frameworks. Schools bear a significant responsibility in instilling these values by integrating the principles of moderation into curricula and adopting pedagogical practices that foster intellectual balance and behavioral equilibrium.
This study underscores the importance of activating the role of educational institutions—from schools to universities—in promoting the values of moderation and temperance through comprehensive educational programs. The research draws upon Islamic principles that emphasize balance, as reflected in the Qur’anic verse:
«And thus We have made you a just (moderate) nation that you be witnesses over mankind and the Messenger be a witness over you» (Al-Baqarah: 143).
Moderation here is not merely a philosophical construct, but a practical framework for life—one that nurtures healthy human relations and ensures a balanced approach in decision-making, rights, and responsibilities.
Given the rapid social and cultural transformations facing contemporary societies, it is imperative to develop a strong ethical foundation that can withstand destructive ideologies. This highlights the necessity of collaborative efforts among families, schools, mosques, and universities to instill moral and educational values in the younger generation.
The research aims to explore the role of schools in fostering the values of moderation and balance among intermediate-level students, while emphasizing the centrality of education in achieving this goal. The study offers a series of recommendations to support the development of training programs and educational curricula that encourage these values and positively influence students’ behaviors and intellectual orientations.
Key Recommendations:
• Utilize cultural and media resources within educational institutions to reinforce the values of moderation and balance.
• Promote sound awareness through student-centered activities aimed at protecting youth from extremist thought.
Key Proposals:
• Organize seminars and cultural events to support moderate thinking.
• Conduct training workshops for educators to deepen their understanding of moderation and to raise awareness of the dangers of extremism.

Allah Almighty created man, made him a pair of spouses, male and female, and placed mercy and affection between them. If the relationship between spouses is not based on kindness, mercy, and benevolence, and if estrangement, hatred, and misunderstanding arise instead of mercy, affection, and love after implementing all of God›s laws, and if they are unable to uphold God›s law and limits, and with certainty of this, God has prescribed various forms of divorce and separation based on kindness to prevent these harms and reduce evil as much as possible, based on the principle of choosing the lesser of two evils. This is the case in normal circumstances. However, if circumstances arise that prevent divorce on the part of the husband, such as his refusal or absence, then the role of the Sharia judge comes in to effect the divorce.
Separation of spouses is an important topic in Islamic jurisprudence and positive law, especially in light of the conflict between some Sharia applications and the provisions of civil laws, particularly in Islamic societies such as Iraq, which is characterized by a diversity of jurisprudential and sectarian beliefs. One of the most prominent manifestations of this conflict is the difference between a divorce issued by a religious authority based on the provisions of Islamic jurisprudence, and a divorce carried out under the provisions of personal status law.
A religious divorce is a decision issued by a religious authority or a competent religious judge, in accordance with established Sharia guidelines, while a legal divorce is issued by an official judicial authority within the framework of civil law. This discrepancy can lead to practical consequences that impact family life, such as differences in the calculation of the waiting period, alimony, or child custody. Therefore, it is essential to understand its basic aspects, both legal and ethical. We divided the research into two sections and a conclusion, which included some results and recommendations. In the first section, we explained the authority of the Sharia judge among jurists and divided it into two sections. The first addressed the authority of the Sharia judge among Shiites. The second addressed the authority of the judiciary among the common people. The second section was titled «The Limits of Obtaining the Permission of the Sharia Judge in Divorce,» and was divided into two sections. The first section addressed the limits of obtaining the permission of the Sharia judge in the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) school. The second section addressed the judicial definition among the common people, comparing it to Iraqi law. Finally, I concluded the research with a set of results and recommendations, as well as a list of sources and references.

Our study on the allophones of qaf and jeem in the Arabic language, and the number of allophones of the qaf is four, namely: (the voiced kaf), (ghayn), (hamza), and (jeem). The voiced kaf is a pronunciation found in some ancient Arabic dialects, and is present in some contemporary colloquial dialects. As for the rest, the pronunciation is found in some contemporary colloquial dialects. The number of allophones of the jeem is also four, namely: (yaa), (the voiced kaf), (jeem mixed with shin), and (dal). The first three sounds are a pronunciation found in some ancient Arabic dialects, while (the dal) is a pronunciation found in some contemporary colloquial dialects.

The Horus Military Road played a pivotal role in shaping the political map of the ancient Near East during the Greek and Roman periods. This road was central to enabling the Greeks and Romans to exert their influence in the region across various military, cultural, and commercial aspects. Its military significance was particularly evident in the transportation of equipment and armies between its Asian and African sides, connecting Egypt, Palestine, and Syria, especially during the military campaigns between the successors of Alexander the Great, the Seleucids, and the Ptolemies, followed by the Romans’ emergence as a new power on the political scene. The name “Horus Military Road” is derived from the legend linking the god Horus to this region. This strategic road played an effective role, leading the Greeks and Romans to place great importance on it. They established cities, fortresses, and both permanent and movable military stations, extending from the Tell Habwa area to the borders of Rafah. Over the ages, this road witnessed the passage of numerous armies and military campaigns

Ibn al-Omrani is an Arab scholar and historian from the sixth century AH. His book “Al-Anbaa fi Tarikh Al-Khalifa” is considered one of his most important works, as it provided a lot of information about the sages of Islam and the history of the Caliphs. His urban thought in this book is considered diverse and comprehensive, as it dealt with various topics related to Islamic civilization and cultural development in that era.

This research explores the topic of «Ijtihad and Taqlid in Contemporary Ja›fari School of Thought,» which are fundamental concepts in Islamic jurisprudence in general and specifically within the Twelver Shia Ja›fari school. The study aims to clarify the definitions, significance, and conditions of Ijtihad and Taqlid in the contemporary Ja›fari context, highlighting the complementary relationship between them. Furthermore, the research examines the contemporary challenges facing Ja›fari jurisprudence and the role of Ijtihad in providing Sharia-based solutions. It also addresses the role of religious institutions and scholars in promoting sound Ijtihad and guiding the proper practice of Taqlid. Ultimately, this research seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of this vital jurisprudential framework within the context of modern developments.

Saudi Arabia used all means to prevent any Arab country from joining the Baghdad Pact and utilized money and media against Jordan as well. Any Arab country joining the pact ultimately strengthens the Hashemites in the realm of international politics.
It is not surprising that Saudi politics shifted towards Egypt and Syria, where it found an ally and supporter against the Baghdad Pact and Jordan›s entry into it, effectively leveraging its international relations and achieving success in this regard

There is no doubt that anyone who ponders the hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) will find semantic similarities, sometimes hidden and sometimes apparent, with the Holy Qur’an. This similarity provides a clear semantic basis for the narrations of the Infallible Imams (peace be upon them), in addition to dispelling some of the doubts raised here and there regarding the composition of the narrations of the Infallible Imams (peace be upon them), and their connection to them in particular. Therefore, Therefore, this research will attempt to link the linguistic and situational contexts in the narration of Imam al-Rida, peace be upon him, with the same contexts in the blessed verse to reach the truth of the semantic similarity between the two parties.

This research addresses the origins of social responsibility in the Holy Qur’an, as one of the essential foundations for building a cohesive society based on values and mutual solidarity. The study is divided into two main sections:
The first section explores the internal sources of social responsibility, namely reason and innate disposition (fitrah). Reason is regarded as the faculty of perception and discernment between right and wrong, guiding the individual to fulfill their obligations towards others. As for fitrah, it represents the natural inclination instilled by God in human beings toward goodness, justice, and cooperation—motivating them instinctively to carry out social duties and strive for reform The second section examines the external sources, represented by religion in its two main pillars: the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet. The Qur’an promotes high moral values such as mercy, justice, and benevolence, and presents exemplary models of responsibility in the lives of prophets and believers. The Sunnah further emphasizes these values through the sayings and conduct of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family), and his household, who embodied the highest manifestations of social responsibility in practiceThe research concludes that social responsibility in Islam arises from the interaction between internal sources (reason and fitrah) and external sources (the Qur’an and Sunnah), thereby forming a conscious individual committed to their role in constructing a sound and integrated society.

Praise be to God, who revealed the Criterion and sealed the books and religions with it. He revealed the truth to His Prophet Muhammad, the Seal of the Messengers and Prophets, the Adnanite Prophet. May God’s prayers and peace be upon him, his family, and those who follow his progeny until the Day of Recompense and Benevolence. And now...
Allah, the Exalted, sent down the clear Book as a mercy to the worlds, and guidance for the lost, a light that illuminates the paths of the bewildered. Whoever acts upon it and in accordance with its intention will be saved with the saved and will enter the Garden of Bliss. He sent it down upon the heart of the Noble Prophet (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace), and he made it clear to his companions and his household (peace be upon them), so they made it clear and interpreted it according to their correct method for those who came after them. However, there is a group of scholars who made an interpretation of the Qur’an according to their opinion and knowledge, and he agreed with them.
A group of scholars, and another group disagreed with him, and each has his own opinion and evidence, and from this standpoint, I wanted to address the statement of interpretation by opinion and its concept, its ruling, and the sayings of scholars on it, dividing my research into three main topics, under each topic several sub-topics, then I concluded my research with a deductive conclusion. This is what God enabled me to present, and what was in it of goodness and righteousness is from Thanks to Allah and then to my research supervisor, may Allah guide him to the advice and guidance he gave me. Any errors, oversights or shortcomings are my own, and I do not exonerate myself. He who is infallible and does not forget is exalted. I also ask the discussion committee to look at me with an eye of mercy, forgiveness and benevolence, for Allah loves those who do good. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds.

This research discusses the methodology of Dr. Imad al-Din Khalil in analyzing the U.S. strategy in the Middle East. It focuses on maintaining hegemonic dominance, supporting Israel, and weakening any regional power that threatens its interests. The study also highlights internal Arab divisions and the fragmentation of energies, which undermine Arab unity. Additionally, it examines Arab policies and the reinforcement of strategic cooperation to achieve political and economic independence.

From the point of view of psychologists, selective thinking and fluid thinking are the ability to analyze, solve problems and make sound decisions, and have a clear impact on scientific creativity and innovation. The current research aims to measure selective thinking and fluid thinking among university students and to know the significance of statistical differences in selective thinking and fluid thinking among university students according to the gender variable and to identify the «correlational relationship between selective thinking and fluid thinking among university students. The current research sample consists of the basic application sample, which is (400) male and female students, as the number of male students reached (200) students, and the number of female students reached (200) students. The research sample was selected using the random stratified method for both sexes. The researcher reached a set of results through her objectives that the individuals of the research sample, according to comparing the arithmetic mean with the hypothetical mean, possess selective thinking among students of Maysan University at a significance level of (0.05), and that the individuals of the research sample, according to comparing the arithmetic mean with the hypothetical mean, possess the ability to think fluidly among students of Maysan University at Significance level (0.05), no statistically significant differences on the selective thinking scale according to the gender variable (males - females) at a significance level of (0.05), and the presence of statistically significant differences on the fluid thinking scale according to the gender variable (males - females) at a significance level of (0.05). Also, there is a significant correlation between selective thinking and fluid thinking, as it reached (0.80) among university students at a significance level of (0.05). The researcher concluded that the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research should work on developing the capabilities of logical reasoning and critical thinking among university students through seminars, conferences, workshops and educational programs, and urging the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research to provide specialized staff in research centers with training for teaching staff and students in colleges in order to train them to possess the ability to free themselves from rigidity in thinking while practicing their daily lives and teaching students and urging them to invest in students› motivation in the classroom.

A bstracThe current research aims to identify:
1- The role of educational media in combating societal rumors through addressing and surveying
2-Comprehensive review of previous relevant literature
3-The impact of community rumors on the school student community
The concept of educational media, its importance and objectives, its most important problems and factors for its success.
The research community included Educational counselors of primary and secondary schools in Baghdad Education, Karkh / 3, for the academic year (2024/2025). The research sample consisted of (400) Educational counselors who were selected in a simple random manner. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the (Haddad, 2020) scale, and the process of extracting the psychometric properties of the two scales from validity and reliability and paragraph analysis was carried out. After collecting the data and analyzing it statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences
:SPSS) The research reached the following results)
1-Educational media has a major and effective role in combating societal rumors.
2-The view of educational and teaching bodies Community rumors have an impact on the individual and society, especially educational circles.
Students, educational and teaching staff.
Based on these results, the researcher came up with a set of recommendations and proposals.

Research sheds light on role of behavioral integration of senior management in effectiveness of strategic decision-making processes at level of Iraqi private educational institutions. Goal of research was to focus attention of administration of private colleges, research community, to importance of the integrative behavioral role of senior administration in effectiveness of process of making its strategic decisions. Private colleges scattered in Karbala governorate were chosen as a community for research, as questionnaire was distributed to an intentional sample of (61) respondents from members of councils, directors of branches and departments, and officials of people and units in private colleges. Some statistical indicators (descriptive and analytical) were used using statistical program (SPSS V.28), including arithmetic means, standard deviations and coefficients of difference to display and analyze results of answers of sample members, and Pearson simple correlation coefficient to determine the nature of the relationship between the research variables and the interpretation coefficient (R²) to find out amount of Changes in dependent variable as well as (F) test to measure significance of influence relationship between research variables, and (t) test to measure significance of relationship between research variables. Most important finding of research is existence of a correlation relationship and a moral effect between research variables included in first and second main hypothesis in order to achieve effectiveness of strategic decision-making by adopting integrative behavioral role of senior management members in the private colleges operating in holy governorate of Karbala.

This research addresses a crucial topic in administrative law: the conclusion of administrative contracts and the principles of their termination. The study clarifies that administrative contracts are a fundamental tool for public administration in operating public utilities and achieving public interest, characterized by unique features distinguishing them from civil contracts, such as their connection to public utilities and the inclusion of exceptional clauses. The research reviews the procedures for concluding administrative contracts and the various stages of contracting, emphasizing the role of administrative oversight.
It also discusses the general framework for the termination of administrative contracts, its different types (consensual, legal, unilateral), and the legal bases upon which it rests. The research analyzes the limitations on the administration›s authority to terminate contracts, such as the necessity of the termination being linked to public interest and its subjection to judicial review. Finally, the study examines the reality of judicial jurisdiction in settling disputes related to administrative contracts in Iraq, highlighting the duality of jurisdiction between administrative and civil courts and the evolution of the legislative and judicial stance.

The research aims to identify pre-Islamic proverbs that reflect the life of Arabs before the advent of Islam. These proverbs link popular wisdom with Arab cultural identity, as proverbs are part of the cultural heritage passed down through generations and carry within them the wisdom and experiences of peoples that express their philosophy of life. They are also a brief tool that conveys profound ideas in a few words. The proverb is distinguished by its ability to have an immediate impact on the recipient, which makes it fixed in the memory and flexibly transmitted among members of society. The circulation of proverbs is not limited to a specific category, but rather extends to become part of the entire social fabric. Proverbs are full of wisdom and contribute to shaping people›s perceptions and behaviors, creating cultural expressions that draw from reality and penetrate the ages to remain immortal in the memory of peoples, and witness the development and diversity of human thought.

The minister Ibn Al-Salous occupied a sistinguished and prominent position in the Mamluk state, as he was a contemporary of two of the most prominent sultans of this state. The first was King Saif Al-Din Qalawun Al-Salihi Al-Alfi, who was close to him and appointed him as teh deputy of the Muhtasib in Damascus. The second was his son Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil, with Whom he had trade. When he assumed the sultanate, and he had shown honesty and integrity in their trade, he brought him closer to him that his father and appointed him to many positions, the most important of which was the ministry, which aroused the envy of the Mamluk princes towards him because he was not a Mamluk, which led them to plot against him and conspire against him with the Sultan. However, that conspiracy did not succeed and they did not achieve what they wanted until after the killing of Al-Ashraf himself, when the had the opportunity to arrest him, imprison him, torture him, and beat him with clubs until he died.

Islam came with a comprehensive revolution that collided with the corrupt reality in the political, social and economic fields to announce the beginning of goodness, well-being and happiness in society and the application of the principles of economic justice through fair distribution and the elimination of poverty and destitution in society. Islam set lofty programs and teachings for this.
In this research, economic justice in the Qur’an and Sunnah will be a societal study, as it reviews justice in the Qur’an and Sunnah through understating the balance in markets, prohibiting monopoly, hoarding, usury, and bribery, and the impact of economic justice in society in eliminating poverty, equality among people, reducing class differences, and applying the principle of social solidarity.
The Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet focused on consolidating the principles of economic justice by forbidding manifestations of economic corruption and establishing well-being, happiness, and fair distribution of wealth in society.

He Islamic government in a state represents the Islamic lands. Islam cannot exist in Muslim lands unless the government›s facade is Islamic, as it represents Islam. Therefore, Muslims must establish an Islamic government that expresses the essence of the Islamic religion. There are numerous definitions of the state, depending on its importance. Among these definitions is that it is an independent group of individuals living on a specific territory. They consist of two classes, a ruling class and a ruled class, living permanently, or they are a social body that has the right to exercise legal authority within a permanent unit, based on a specific area, exercising the rights of sovereignty by its will according to the material force that it alone monopolizes, or an organized people subject to the law in a specific geographical area, to discern three foundations upon which the state is based: law or legislation, authority or force, and geographical area.

This research addresses an important and influential figure who had a clear impact on the formation and development of the Shiite mind in the first century AH. His views remain the focus of attention and interest among jurists to this day, due to his scholarly reputation and the prolific writings he authored in various fields of knowledge. His works remain among the most important, especially when he authored one of the four books relied upon by the followers of the Ahl al-Bayt School of Infallibility and Purity. This is Sheikh Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Babawayh, known as Sheikh al-Saduq (may God have mercy on him). In this research, after examining important aspects of his life, we shed light on the interpretive methods he adopted in his interpretation. We also mention some of the interpretive sayings in his works, collecting them, and studying them.
This research addresses an important and influential figure who had a clear impact on the formation and development of the Shiite mind in the first century AH. His views remain the focus of attention and interest among jurists to this day, due to his scholarly reputation and the prolific writings he authored in various fields of knowledge. His works remain among the most important, especially when he authored one of the four books relied upon by the followers of the Ahl al-Bayt School of Infallibility and Purity. This is Sheikh Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Babawayh, known as Sheikh al-Saduq (may God have mercy on him). In this research, after examining important aspects of his life, we shed light on the interpretive methods he adopted in his interpretation. We also mention some of the interpretive sayings in his works, collecting them, and studying them.