Political Studies and strategic

Spain is one of the countries with privileged relations with Iraq in various historical periods, especially during the 1970s and 1980s, but those relations became a disorientation in the 1990s, returning to their former state after the change of the political system in Iraq after 2003

India has aimed to strengthen its regional and international standing through various means and tools, contributing to its growing global status. Among its focal points are the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, especially given the rising competition for influence in the region

The Middle East is considered a geographical and regional area with a wide influence in the strategic competition between the powers of the West and the East.The multiplication of regional strategic forces has doubled the influence unit of this region on the international arena, leading towards a deeper study of the impact of the strategies of regional and international powers on it

The religious factor is considered one of the most prominent and complex phenomena of the modern era in the United States of America It is the largest political, economic, and military power and one of the most influential cultures in the world, Therefore, it is essential to emphasize the interplay and interaction of various factors that influence and shape the keys to understanding the American mindset. While focusing on a single factor or one approach as a sole explanation for the American mindset could lead to an increasing degree of generalization, this research

Ancient societies knew many institutional political systems, but what distinguished them was that they could not completely get rid of the influence of religious and economic institutions. In this study, we investigated the institutions of authority of the most prominent of these systems within ancient Eastern societies, especially in Iraq and Egypt, and identified their legal and social reality

American policy towards the Middle East region has been affected by a number of security dimensions, the most prominent of which are the fight against terrorism, energy security, and ensuring the security of Israel. The issue of fighting terrorism has occupied great importance in American policy towards the Middle East region, especially since this region, in the view of the United States, harbors groups Extremist and terrorist groups threaten, in one way or another, its interests in this region. Fighting these groups in cooperation with the countries of the region is a vital issue in American policy. With regard

Education is the most important tool for economic development. Countries cannot achieve a comprehensive economic development renaissance for their various sectors without investing in their human resources, as education increases individuals’ productivity and income and creates societal well-being and technological progress for them. The country’s economic indicators are no longer limited to The traditional concept, with

Today's world is more interconnected than ever. However, for all its advantages, the increasing interdependence has led to an increased risk of theft, fraud and abuse. As people around the world increasingly rely on modern technology, they are becoming more vulnerable to cyberattacks such as corporate security breaches and phishing. And the practice of extortion, fraud and fraud through social media. It is noted that cyberspace and its core infrastructure are vulnerable to a wide range of risks arising from cyber physical threats and risks. Cyber actors as well as nation-states exploit the vulnerabilities of their adversaries to steal information and money and develop capabilities to disrupt, destroy,

A Religious belief has a great influence in guiding individuals in theory and implementation. Some religions have rules and legislation that impose a certain form of commitment on their followers, or they may be interpreted in this way by the clergy who represent and express them. In all societies, there are religious sects that are considered the most committed to the teachings of religion, including the Haredim in (Israel), as they follow the rules mentioned in both the Torah and the Talmud and imposed on followers by Jewish rabbis, including the issue of recruitment within the military establishment in the occupied Palestinian territories, as they believe that they do not have the right to live in a specific country because they are in a period of wandering until the Messiah, the Savior, comes. This has made their relationship unstable with the occupying state in which they live.

The security of the Arabian Gulf is of vital importance due to its energy resources and strategic location. Major threats include external military interventions, terrorism, and regional conflicts, which create a complex and unstable security environment. Non-state actors, such as militant groups, pose significant internal challenges, while cybersecurity threats are on the rise, impacting both infrastructure and economic systems. Environmental

Iraqi-Turkish relations have been characterized by instability, sometimes moving towards cooperation and mutual dependence on issues such as water, economic and trade exchange, and other times being tense on several issues such as the Mosul issue and military intervention in northern Iraq under the pretext of pursuing elements of the Kurdistan Workers\' Party, in addition to Turkish intervention in Iraqi affairs, which is driven by the issue of the Turkmen minority and defending their interests, and the increase in crises between the two parties may draw a bad vision for the future of relations, especially in light of the common issues between the two parties such as terrorism, which reduces the chances of establishing good relations between the two countries.

Until recently, the state remained the main unit of analysis in international relations, and the only actor in its interactions, until it emerged at the theoretical and practical level new actors that have a major role in the functioning of the international system and the axis of international relations interactions, represented in international and regional organizations, multinational companies, terrorist movements and o

The institutions of the Indonesian political system after 1998 were established in accordance with what was approved by the 1945 Constitution, i.e. after the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998, extensive amendments were made to the Constitution and the democratic system that the country aspired to. Amendments were made in the People’s Consultative Assembly in four stages, so (37) articles of the Constitution were amended,

The phenomenon of sovereignty violation has become one of the characteristics of the new international system, after the state's sovereignty has gone through many stages, as it moved from full sovereignty to partial sovereignty governed by international laws and charters. However, the extent of sovereignty violations varies from one country to another, as a group of reasons contributed to giving the green light to the most powerful countries at the regional and international levels to violate the national sovereignty of some countries, including Iraq. Accordingly

Turkish-Syrian relations have witnessed a great development since the Justice and Development Party came to power in Turkey, and the improvement of bilateral relations between the two countries enters the context of the understanding of the two governments on redefining each country for its weight and regional role in the region, in Turkey there is a consensus that in the post-war on terrorism in 2001 and then the US-British invasion of Iraq in 2003,

The concept of the intellectual is one of the concepts that represent theoretical issues for researchers and scholars of different orientations, tendencies and intellectual starting points. However, grasping the essence of the concept is not an easy matter. This is due to many reasons, including the nature of the emergence of the concept itself and the practical and theoretical problems that result from it. The other is related to the nature of defining the concept and its connection to the subject of culture. In view of social and political developments, it is necessary to pay attention to the subject of culture in general and the intellectual in particular.