The White Dome Journal

The current research aims to identify the level of ambition among university students and study the potential impact of both gender variables (males - females) and specialization (scientific - humanities). The research community may be students of Tikrit University for the academic year 2023/2024.
The researchers adopted the Al-Jabouri (2018) Ambition Level Scale, which is an essential part of the basic requirements of the current research. If it consists in its initial form of (41) paragraphs, its apparent validity was verified by presenting its paragraphs to a group of arbitrators, as well as extracting the discrimination coefficient and the correlation coefficient for the paragraphs. Thus, the scale in its final form became composed of (40) paragraphs. After collecting the information and processing it statistically using the T-test, Pearson›s correlation coefficient, and three-way variance analysis, the researchers concluded that university students enjoy a good level of ambition. In light of the results, the researchers came up with a number of recommendations and proposals.

The Holy Qur›an highlights several psychological causes that lead to conflict and disagreement among people. Among the most prominent are:
Desire (Hawa): Following personal desires often leads to prioritizing self-interest over the truth. As Allah says: «And indeed, many are led astray by their desires without knowledge» (Al-An›am: 119).
Arrogance (Kibr): Refusing to accept the truth or acknowledge others, as seen in the example of Iblis: «He refused and was arrogant and became of the disbelievers» (Al-Baqarah: 34).
Envy (Hasad): As illustrated in the story of Cain and Abel, envy led one brother to kill the other.
Love of the World (Dunya): Being overly concerned with worldly interests at the expense of values and principles
causes many disputes. Allah says: «You love wealth with immense love» (Al-Fajr: 20)
Ignorance and Suspicion: Many conflicts arise from negative assumptions and a lack of proper understanding.
If these psychological factors are not addressed through faith, self-purification, and accountability, they lead to division and conflict, weakening the community and making it vulnerable. As Allah warns: «And do not dispute with one another, or you will fail and your strength will be lost» (Al-Anfal: 46).
Let me know if you›d like this in a more academic tone or formatted for a presentation.

This research includes an objective study of the concept of the scale on the Day of Judgment, its reality, how deeds are weighed, and its impact on the fate of people. It is based on legal evidence from the Holy Qur›an and the Sunnah of the Prophet. We ask God to make us among those whose scales are weighed with good deeds on the Day of Judgment.

Due to the increasing number of divorce cases in Iraq in recent years resulting from the husband›s delegation of the right of divorce to his wife, and given the serious social and religious implications of this issue, this research addresses the matter of delegation in divorce and the legal rulings that result from it. The study examines the views of Islamic jurists from various schools of thought, presenting their opinions and evidences, whether they supported or opposed the legitimacy of such delegation, in order to evaluate and possibly favor one perspective over the other. Additionally, the research explores the stance of the Iraqi legislator—particularly the Amended Personal Status Law No. 188 of 1959—regarding the issue of delegation in divorce, and whether a divorce carried out through delegation is considered revocable or irrevocable.

The era of the Taifa kingdoms in Al-Andalus witnessed profound political and social transformations that significantly influenced literary output, particularly in the domain of romantic poetry (ghazal), which remained one of the most prominent themes, evolving in both style and content during this critical phase of Andalusian history. The fragmentation of the Umayyad state into multiple smaller kingdoms led to a wide cultural openness and diversity in literary environments, allowing poets greater freedom to express emotions and experiment with new poetic styles.
This research focuses on the patterns of poetic transformations within the ghazal genre, exploring stylistic structures, emotional content, and the interaction between poetry and sociopolitical changes. The study also traces the development of romantic poetry between tradition and innovation, and the extent to which poets were influenced by the broader trends of the era.
The aim of this research is to uncover the artistic uniqueness of this period in handling the ghazal theme, through the analysis of selected poems by various Taifa poets, and by examining the changes in rhythmical structure, rhetorical imagery, and emotional language.

The need for heritage in contemporary cultural discourse is increasing to help us correct our practices, and to draw from it our culture, and to draw from it sound values in our quest to build the present and anticipate the future, because heritage represents the backbone of the civilizational and cultural history of all societies, including our society in Iraq, although cultural discourse sometimes takes a path that differs from its primary goal and moves away from rationality and the goals of the desired awareness, to become a means of abuse and a tool to diminish the importance of heritage, at a time when communication through the media has become an important matter in the lives of individuals and societies. The concepts of heritage in cultural discourse, its means, methods and contents have multiplied, and information has spread rapidly to express patterns of human thinking and behavior. Accordingly, we must take the cognitive space through contemporary technology as a field to develop our discourse in a way that serves heritage and its cultural issues.
The research consisted of an introduction in which I emphasized that heritage is one of the basic pillars that form the cultural identity of any nation, as it reflects the values, beliefs and knowledge that generations have inherited over time. The study also included a problem, from which the researcher came up with the main question of the research problem: Is heritage a method, an experience, or a cognitive necessity in contemporary cultural discourse? In the theoretical framework, the researcher adopted three titles: The concept of heritage in contemporary cultural discourse, the role of heritage in contemporary cultural diversity, contemporary cultural discourse and its impact on Iraqi heritage. Then the conclusion, to finally establish the references and sources of the research.

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of designing an educational program using artificial intelligence techniques to develop students› understanding of the aesthetic dimensions in the subject of art criticism. The researcher used the experimental method on the research sample represented by students of the Department of Art Education at the College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, numbering (40) students, divided into two equal groups: the control group studied according to the usual method, numbering (20) students, and the experimental group studied according to the artificial intelligence program, numbering (20) students. The achievement test scale was constructed consisting of multiple choice with a set of essay-type questions. The study found that there were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) and towards the experimental group, as the average ranks of the control group reached (17.43) and the average ranks of the experimental group (35.80) at the significance level (0.01), which is a statistically significant value at the significance level (0.05), indicating the existence of statistically significant differences between the average scores of students in the experimental group and the control group in the post-achievement test. The researcher recommended the importance of developing the cognitive abilities of students and teachers in the art criticism subject, and identifying the most important applications used in the field of designing artworks and how to use and apply them practically, while directing students to carry out artistic activities and design them using artificial intelligence techniques to develop their analytical and critical abilities, and the importance of integrating and teaching these applications into the curricula.

Researching the lives of hadith scholars and those who narrated hadiths from the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) is an important matter upon which the acceptance of hadiths depends. I have chosen to research the life and biography of the hadith scholar Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn al-Harith al-Fazari, his biography, those from whom he narrated, and those from whom he narrated, as well as the era in which he grew up from a scholarly and social perspective. I then mentioned some of his narrations in the six books.

This research examines and analyzes the role of middle schools in promoting citizenship values. The study is based on the premise that fostering good citizenship values in individuals contributes significantly to building a cohesive society capable of resisting extremist ideas that seek to dismantle the social fabric. The research explores the concept of good citizenship and its most prominent components, such as respect for the law, loyalty to the homeland, engagement in volunteer work, acceptance of others, and constructive dialogue,
The study also discusses the social and intellectual factors that create a fertile environment for the growth of extremist movements, and demonstrates how conscious citizenship can create intellectual and psychological immunity against these movements. It focuses on the role of educational institutions, the media, and the family in instilling concepts of positive citizenship, while presenting examples of international and local experiences that have successfully undermined extremist ideology through educational and cultural programs and initiatives. The study concludes with a set of findings that confirm that good citizenship is not merely an individual behavior, but rather a shared national project that requires cooperation between state institutions and civil society. It proposes a set of recommendations that would support this approach in confronting the threat of extremism in all its forms.

This research aims to study the effect of the mind maps strategy on the achievement of sixth grade primary school students in science. The researcher used the experimental design with partial control, where the sample was divided into a control group and an experimental group. The research sample was randomly selected from the students of [AL-Quds Elementary School for Boys], and the equivalence of the two groups was taken into account in several variables such as chronological age (calculated in months), students› achievement in science for the previous year, and intelligence test. The number of students was 80 students, with 40 students in each group. The researcher used one-way analysis of variance to process the data, and the results showed the superiority of the experimental group that used the mind maps strategy over the control group that studied in the traditional way in the achievement test.

The reward, reward means reward. In legal terminology: the reward that accrues to the worker, whether this worldly or in the hereafter, and his use of the reward in the afterlife. It is compensation for work and benefit, or what is given in exchange for something, and the reward is based on the amount of hardship. One of the greatness of the Islamic religion is that it did not stipulate reward for acts of worship only, but rather it stipulated reward and reward for worldly deeds, which we perform by nature and desire, if we intend them with good intentions.

This research aims to clarify the jurisprudential opinions on the ruling on electronic marketing. This type of commerce has become prevalent at the present time. As is well known, Muslims must investigate and research every new issue related to sales and trade, to avoid falling into legal prohibitions and to avoid areas of suspicion. Electronic marketing differs radically in its method of dealing from the traditional sales commonly known among people. Therefore, this modest study aims to clarify some of the jurisprudential opinions of some contemporary scholars, as well as to clarify some of the types of this marketing and the details included within these types.

The problem of the current research is crystallized by answering the following question:
: To what extent is it possible to develop cognitive thinking skills among kindergarten children? In order to verify this question, the current research aimed to verify and reveal the development of cognitive thinking among kindergarten children.
In order to answer the question and the goal of the research, the researcher followed the appropriate procedures for the research topic, so that the research community was determined, consisting of kindergartens affiliated with the educational institution in the General Directorates of Rusafa and Karkh Education (1-2-3) for the purpose of determining the research sample, which amounted to (28) children. A tool was designed to measure children’s drawings in order to achieve the goal of the research. Its paragraphs reached (10) items and are measured on a three-point scale. Statistical treatments: The Mann-Whitney test was used for two equal samples.
The most important results reached by the researcher are:
The components of the teaching plans that were prepared in the research contributed to the educational content of developing cognitive thinking skills, as it was shown that differences appeared in the performance of kindergarten children when they performed the skills of drawing a free subject.
The most important recommendations were:
It is necessary to adopt the cognitive thinking skills adopted in the current research in the process of training kindergarten teachers when they attend training courses (in-service) for the purpose of employing them in their educational tasks in order to prove the effectiveness of these skills.

The study of the phonetic patterns in the Holy Quran and their impact on connotations and meanings, as well as their impact on listeners› reception. The Holy Quran is distinguished by its beautiful style and eloquence, evident in the choice of words, the harmony of letters, and the coherence of sentences. Sounds play a fundamental role in enhancing and consolidating meanings in the minds of recipients. The study analyzes how these phonetic patterns are employed in the Quranic text, such as the vocal timbre, which is reflected in the harmony between letters and words, giving the verses a special musical impact that contributes to conveying meanings in an effective manner. The research also examines the role of vocal rhythm, represented by the balance between vowels and pauses and the vocal repetition of words and letters, which contributes to enhancing the psychological and spiritual impact of Quranic verses.
The study also focuses on the role of vocal repetition, which is used to emphasize certain meanings and consolidate them in memory. This vocal pattern facilitates memorization and comprehension. The study also addresses the impact of pauses and starting points in recitation. Correct pauses contribute to clarifying meanings and guiding the listener toward a deeper understanding of the verses, enhancing interaction with the text and strengthening the psychological and spiritual impact. The study highlights how these vocal patterns are not merely artistic tools, but rather constitute an integral part of the miraculous nature of the Quran, contributing to conveying the divine message in ways that impact the recipient›s emotions and evoke feelings of reverence and contemplation. The study confirms that these vocal patterns contribute to building an interactive relationship between the Quranic text and the listener, as the listener is drawn to the aesthetics of rhythm and intonation and is influenced by the meanings of the verses in a deeper and more connected way. These patterns also facilitate the process of memorization and recitation, as the recipient is able to recall verses more easily due to the harmonious vocal rhythm. The study concludes that the phonetic patterns in the Holy Quran constitute an essential element of Quranic eloquence, as they deepen the meanings, facilitate reception, and create a profound psychological and spiritual impact on the listeners. This reinforces the presence of the Quranic message in the heart and mind, and increases the recipient›s contemplation of the meanings and implications of the Holy Quran.

The poet Ibn al-Malihi al-Wasiti, nicknamed al-Wa›iz, is one of the most prominent poets of the Middle Ages. He is a poet from the sixth century AH. Despite the paucity of sources that refer to him, like many poets of his time, due to the circumstances the country experienced due to the Mongol occupation and the catastrophes and setbacks it suffered from political, economic, social, and literary aspects, studying him was, for me, important for understanding the developments that poetry reached during that period. It also provided insight into the poet›s life, style, and poetic purposes, shedding light on his poems and analyzing them from both thematic and artistic perspectives, focusing on the most important styles and rhetorical images he embodied in his poetry.

Forgiveness is one of the important things for a person to reassure his place on the Last Day, and it is taken from the name of God  forgiveness, and the concept of forgiveness has basics in this life and the hereafter, and its types are multiple, it may be on the personal level, or between man and his brother man, or he may rise to reach the higher self, and how to forgive him Nobh, for her I dealt in this research with the concept of forgiveness between Christianity and Islam, to clarify and correct some of what was misunderstood about him.

This research deals with the emergence of the Afrasiyab family in Basra from 1596-1668 AD, which is a not insignificant period, as the members of this family inherited the rule of Basra while pledging allegiance to the Ottoman Sultan and paying him tribute, when the balance of power shifted at the end of the sixteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth century from the Ottoman governors to the local powers in Basra, and these local powers were represented by the people of Basra and its residents and the Afrasiyab family who were able to take control of affairs there. Afrasiab ruled from 1596 and continued for seven years. He was succeeded by his son Ali Pasha after his death in 1603. During his reign, major incidents occurred in Iraq and the Arabian Gulf. Ali Pasha was succeeded by his son Hussein Pasha Afrasiab, who ruled Basra from 1647 to 1668. He was the last heir to rule Basra from the Afrasiab family, as the central government decided to remove this family from Basra for several reasons. It sent campaigns with the aim of getting rid of them. The last of these campaigns was Mustafa Pasha’s campaign against Basra in 1667. As a result of this campaign, the Afrasiab emirate was eliminated forever.

This study investigates the frequencies of linguistic patterns and communicative strategies employed in verbal bullying among middle school students in Iraq, as well as their impacts. Verbal bullying in schools is a persistent problem that harms the mental, emotional, and social growth of youngsters. The frequency of verbal bullying is steadily growing across schools, local communities, and society as a whole. Moreover, it affects their ability to obtain knowledge within a safe and protected educational environment. The study employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The qualitative method offers an extensive analysis of observed communicative strategies. In contrast, the quantitative method utilizes the Social Learning Theory to determine the frequencies and percentages of different forms of verbal bullying linguistic patterns. Tables and figures are employed to present frequencies and percentages that provide a full analysis of the sociolinguistic components of the phenomenon.
The results show that mockery and spreading rumors are the most common types of verbal bullying in middle schools in Iraq. As a result, it is necessary to create treatments and regulations to address this phenomenon within middle schools. The findings also offer valuable perspectives on the frequency, manifestations, and impacts of these strategies among students.

This research includes an objective study of intercession
I relied on a descriptive and inductive approach in my study, approaching this topic through a definition of intercession, its divisions and types, and the evidence for it from the Holy Quran and the Prophetic Sunnah. It is an important Islamic concept, meaning intercession on behalf of others to benefit them or ward off harm. It is established in the Holy Quran and the Prophetic Sunnah, and it is permissible and prohibited. Each type has specific conditions and rulings, as it is part of God Almighty›s mercy toward His servants.

This study aimed to identify(decision-making analysis and its relationship with organizational culture, an applied study in the Iraqi Ministry of Education). Therefore, the following research objectives were formulated: identifying the level of decision-making in the Iraqi Ministry of Education, identifying the level of organizational culture in the Iraqi Ministry of Education, and identifying the statistically significant relationship between decision-making and organizational culture in the Iraqi Ministry of Education.
The community included all employees of the directorates affiliated with the Iraqi Ministry of Education Bureau located in Baghdad governorate, numbering (3935) employees. The research sample was selected randomly and consisted of (394) employees, 10% of the research community. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built two research scales, which included the first scale to analyze the adoption of (42) paragraphs, while the second scale included the organizational culture scale included (20) paragraphs. The researcher in all statistical treatments on the statistical portfolio of social sciences (spss) and the following statistical methods were used: (repetitions and percentages – Alpha Kronbach’s equation - Pearson correlation coefficient - t-test test for sample One) The results of the current search have shown:
There are differences between the arithmetic mean of the sample scores of (149.051) and the hypothetic mean of (126) and in favor of the arithmetic medium of the sample scores (employees) in the decision-making scale, there are differences between the arithmetic mean of the sample scores of (72.065) and the hypothetic mean of (60) and in favor of the arithmetic mean of the sample scores (employees) in the scale of organizational culture, and in light of the results of the research, the following conclusions were reached: that the departments of the Ministry of Education have the right to make decisions in their work at a moderate degree from the point of view of their employees, that the departments of the Iraqi Ministry of Education have an organizational culture in their work to a medium degree from the point of view of their employees The most important recommendations that the researcher came up with is the need to train and educate the directors of departments and divisions in the Ministry of Education on decision-making theories and tools so that the convictions they have to apply them. Qualifying the directors of departments and divisions with an administrative qualification that keeps pace with modern administrative methods, holding seminars and conferences specialized in organizing and building a positive organizational cultur

This study aims to analyze the effect of customer capital on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) among employees in public universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, using a structured questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The independent variable, customer capital, was measured through its dimensions (customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and institutional reputation), while the dependent variable included dimensions of OCBs (altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, civic virtue, and courtesy).
The findings revealed high levels of both customer capital and OCBs. Moreover, a strong and statistically significant relationship was found between the two variables. This relationship was interpreted through the lens of Social Exchange Theory and Intellectual Capital Theory. The study recommends enhancing customer relationships as a strategic lever to foster voluntary, constructive behaviors in academic environments.

Pragmatic competence, that is, appropriate and effective use of language in social contexts, is a critical component of successful intercultural communication. This research considers the problem and solutions related to pragmatic competence in intercultural communication, covering the role of cultural differences, the consequences of pragmatic failure, and mechanisms for acquiring pragmatic skills. Using a mixed-methods research design, the study combines qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions with quantitative data from questionnaires and discourse completion tests (DCTs) to provide a rich understanding of pragmatic competence. The findings reveal that pragmatic variation in cultural norms, i.e., the use of indirectness and politeness strategies, is a significant source of difficulty for intercultural communicators. These challenges can be addressed, though the explicit teaching, experience-based learning, and cultural immersion that enable learners to develop the adaptability and cultural understanding required to navigate varied communication environments. The study further indicates the interactive and context-sensitive nature of pragmatic competence, emphasizing the teaching of it as an adaptable and interactive skill. Despite its conclusions, the study acknowledges restrictions in terms of sample size, self-reported data, and use of hypothetical situations, and suggests future research under more varied and naturalistic conditions. Overall, this study stresses the importance of pragmatic competence to effective intercultural communication and offers applied insight for language learners, educators, and practitioners.
Keywords: pragmatic competence, intercultural communication, cultural differences, politeness strategies, pragmatic failure, language education, cultural immersion.