magazine aldhakwat albedh

The current study attempts to uncover the protection provided to women by the tribal value system, identifying its most prominent types and sources. To understand the mechanisms of women’s protection, the study attempts to provide an understanding of the nature of this social structure, which directly affects women’s position within it and the form of protection they receive. Although tribal justice is incapable of Dealing with women’s issues is limited, but this judiciary has provided protection for women from sexual violence in all its forms by rejecting crimes of indecent assault that came under the name of “blackness” and making the perpetrator and his family solely responsible for paying compensation. On the other hand, tribal culture includes many concepts that form an integrated value system and are considered One of the most important sources of protection for vulnerable groups in society, especially during times of crisis, is the protection of the weak. The concept of “fazza” (help) is used when tribal men call upon each other to support and assist those affected, especially women.

The strategic use of pragmatic implicature in advertising across various media types is examined in this research study. The research examines how marketers use implied meaning to influence customers in print and digital media, drawing on Relevance Theory and Gricean pragmatics. The study finds notable parallels and discrepancies in implicature utilization between established print media and new digital channels through a methodical examination of a few chosen ads. The results show that although the pragmatic concepts used by the two media are similar, digital ads use special technical affordances to produce new implicature forms through temporal dimensions, customization, and interaction. These findings shed light on the pragmatic aspects of commercial communication and further the academic knowledge of how meaning is controlled across changing media environments.

This study aims to uncover manifestations of male dominance among middle school students, and to analyze its patterns and manifestations in their behavior within the social environment. A scale was constructed that includes three main areas: male authority, gender and work roles, and masculinity and social embodiment. Its paragraphs were formulated, totaling (32) paragraphs. The study adopted the descriptive and analytical approach. sample of middle school students, and the results revealed the prevalence of patterns of thinking and behavior that reflect tendencies to control and dominate females, and a weakness in accepting the principle of partnership and dialogue between the sexes. The results also showed that some students view masculinity from a traditional perspective that links it to power, control, and prohibition, rather than understanding and responsibility. The research recommends the necessity of adopting guidance programs. It aims to reshape the concept of masculinity among boys at this stage and promote the values ​​of gender justice, contributing to the building of healthy and balanced relationships between the sexes in schools and society.

This research aims to design an educational program to develop self-confidence among middle school students, based on educational and psychological theories. The psychological and social needs of the students were analyzed, and the program›s objectives were identified, including enhancing self-esteem, developing communication skills, and increasing the ability to face challenges.
The program consists of eight weeks and includes interactive activities such as group discussions and educational sessions on the concept of self-confidence. The program is designed to be flexible and applicable in various educational environments, taking into account individual differences among students. It is recommended to implement the program as a pilot phase in a limited number of schools, while training teachers on implementation mechanisms and involving parents in awareness efforts.
The research concluded with several findings and suggestions, including that the program provides a promising theoretical and practical framework for developing self-confidence, but it requires practical application to assess its effectiveness. Recommendations include generalizing the program after evaluation and conducting further studies to measure its long-term impact.

The study concerned the play of frogs, and the message of forgiveness as texts of literary criticism, the idea of frog comedy is based on the balance between poets, it is a trip to the hereafter where the souls of the dead are used in this trip criticism of literature and writers, and hold balances between them, and ridicule them, and discuss their methods and their advantages and mistakes and strengths and weaknesses in them, and the message of Al-Afran is also a description of a trip to the other world taken as a way to establish balances between poets, and to criticize them and to discuss their methods and show their strengths and weaknesses, it was Al-Maari and Aristophanes accepted him from the writers who visited the afterlife (in the vision of imagination) and described it in their literature to people through the sequence of poets› ideas about the other world, whether by special literary influence or through common heritage.

Tissue culture is a widely used technique for obtaining larger quantities of plant components in less time and space. Tissue culture provides controlled conditions in the laboratory for the production of phytochemicals. Culture conditions can be manipulated in various ways (e.g., by treating the promoter and using other stress stimuli).

The research attempts to present Dr. Hassan Hanafi’s vision of the new science of theology and to stand on the foundations and mechanisms that he adopted in studying and reading this vital and important intellectual and doctrinal subject, which is related to studying the issues of Islamic doctrine within the intellectual and scientific developments that contemporary man is experiencing and the doctrinal and cultural challenges that Islamic societies are going through in particular and the position that should be and the nature of the methods, mechanisms and goals that must be compatible with the depth of these developments and challenges and transcend cultural, geographical and cognitive affiliations through unifying visions and looking at Islamic constants and striving for unity while preserving the specificities of the different and multiple doctrines and doctrinal trends .

matoday they shoulder many responsibilities outside of it and in variious institutions This generates financial income that contributes to the famly›s financial stability. The marital bond is related to the husband. matoday they shoulder many responsibilities outside of it and in variious institutions This generates financial income that contributes to the famly›s financial stability. The marital bond is related to the husband.

There is no doubt that Islamic jurisprudence is rich in ramifications that deal with human problems at all times and conditions, and the Iraqi society is a tribal society.
There is a tradition imposed by the reality of the situation, which is for a person to ally himself with a clan other than his clan, and he says to the person allied with him: My blood is your blood, and my peace is your peace, and you inherit me and your inheritance, and you ask for me and I ask of you, and you make sense of me and I be wise about you. The ally is considered among the group of people who entered into their oath. He has their money and he has what they owe.
Is this alliance based on it or not? This research came to answer this question.
So the research came to clarify the rule of alliance and alliance and showed that it is between what is permissible and not.
The research also showed the rule of inheritance by swearing. Is it correct to inherit with an ally? There are those who see the lack of inheritance by swearing, and this is the doctrine of the majority of jurists, and their argument: “There is no alliance in Islam.”
The research also clarified the ruling on the entry of the ally in the will to the tribe, and the ally is his parent. There are those who allow the mind of the ally to pay the blood money.
The research also showed the condition of the ally in Qasama

This research deals with the phenomenon of intertextuality in Masbah al-Balagha by analyzing selected samples of Imam Ali›s speeches, focusing on the types of intertextuality (Qur’an, prophetic, literary, and its stylistic and semantic functions. The research shows how the Imam did not limit himself to quoting or referring to texts, but repurposed them in new contexts to serve his intellectual, preaching, and political purposes.
The analysis shows that intertextuality in Masbah al-Balagha is not a mere rhetorical embellishment, but rather a formative structure in the discourse, highlighting the Imam›s erudition, eloquence, and ability to link the past with the present text. It also intertextuality reflects the extent to which the religious text overlaps with the social and political text, making Masbah al-Balagha a rich source for studying the interaction of discourse with the major textual references in Islamic culture.

1. According to Sayyid al-Khoei, the attribute of will is an actual attribute, not an intrinsic attribute.
2. The attribute of will in humans is the determined desire that motivates the muscles.
3. According to Sayyid al-Khoei, the attribute of will is the exercise of power and authority, which is a created attribute.
4. The attribute of will is not related to the attribute of knowledge, which is an intrinsic attribute. God›s knowledge of the actions of His servants is not compulsion.
5. The principles of the attributes present in humans, such as knowledge, power, and life, are a blessing from God Almighty. The components of these attributes come from God Almighty, and humans have the choice between action and inaction. If they wish, they may act, and if they wish, they may abstain, thus bearing responsibility for their actions.

This topic discusses a very important theory in modern pragmatics, namely (conversational implicatur), which was created by the philosopher Grice, and how it searches for the implicit meanings behind direct speech. The research attempts to prove that our early scholars were aware of the concepts of these modern researches, including Al-Sharif Al-Murtada, may God have mercy on him (d.436 AH), being one of the most important commentators, linguists, fundamentalists, and jurists of that era, in one of the most important blogs in the Islamic Library, which is (Al-Amali), which he classified and contained various sciences, which gained admiration of researchers throughout the ages.

The aim of this research is to clarify Orientalists’ views on the political thought of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family), whether positive or negative. It also aims to demonstrate how Orientalists approached the Prophet’s biography from their cultural, political, and religious perspectives. It also aims to uncover the background and motivations of Orientalism, the extent of its influence on Orientalist positions, and to respond to the suspicions and slander that have appeared in some Orientalist writings.
The importance of the research aims in several fields, scientifically, it contributes to enriching the field of Orientalist studies for an objective understanding of the writings of Orientalists about Islam, religiously and historically, it defends the Prophet’s biography and works to correct the fallacies associated with it, intellectually and culturally, it reveals the impact of civilizational and religious conflicts in shaping the image of Islam in the West, and realistically, it helps the Muslim reader, The educated person should be able to distinguish between fair scientific studies and biased propaganda.

This research aims to explore the extent to which administrative leaders rely on green entrepreneurship applications and their role in supporting the achievement of sustainable development. This is done through a survey of the opinions of a sample of managers at the Baghdad Soft Drinks Company. The importance of this research lies in its guidance. Senior management’s focus is on the importance of adopting sustainable development practices, given their impact on enhancing companies’ ability to adapt to rapid environmental changes.
The researcher adopted a descriptive analytical approach to analyze the current situation in the company in question. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed to a sample of 30 individuals. The study concluded with several findings, most notably the existence of a link between entrepreneurship and Green and sustainable development at the macro and sub-levels. Among the study’s most prominent recommendations is the importance of promoting a culture of innovation and renewal and disseminating it across the company as a whole to address and adapt to environmental changes.

This study aims to analyze the role of organizational learning in enhancing the efficiency of structural capital within public universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and used a structured questionnaire to collect data from a sample of academic and administrative staff. Structural capital was measured through its dimensions (organizational structure, information systems, formal procedures, and organizational culture), while organizational learning was assessed through (knowledge sharing, learning from mistakes, collective learning, and leadership support).
The findings revealed high levels of both variables and demonstrated a strong and statistically significant relationship between structural capital and organizational learning. The relationship was interpreted through the lenses of Intellectual Capital Theory and Organizational Learning Theory. The study recommends activating an organizational learning environment as a strategic approach to strengthening institutional structures and improving performance efficiency.

Religious praise is one of the oldest literary arts due to its connection to the correction of human behavior. Interest in this art has increased, especially after the advent of Islam, to become a weapon with which Muslims defend their religion. This literary art is distinguished by the sincerity of emotion and the nobility of feeling.
The influence of this Islamic tendency continued on many poems praising Arab kings in the modern era through religious titles (Commander of the Faithful, Successor of the Prophet, Son of the Banu Hashim) in order to give a religious character to their rule.
...and to demonstrate their right to rule, as these titles have an impact on the souls of the Arabs, and also the use of religious symbols and Quranic imagery in their poetry, as the poets likened the kings to the prophets in justice, wisdom, and their adherence to the teachings of the Islamic religion, and they are saviors of the people from occupation and ignorance, like the prophets whom God sent to be a lifeline for the nations.
Poets often attributed kings to the lineage of the Chosen Prophet. Their poetry included Quranic expressions, and the crown of kings had a prominent presence in religious praise and comparison to the crown of religion. Some poets used Eid al-Ghadir as an occasion to praise kings and renew the pledge of allegiance to the guardianship of Imam Ali (peace be upon him).

This chapter addresses the general framework of the study, presenting the introduction, the study›s problem, its importance, objectives, questions, methodological limitations, and the adopted research methodology. This chapter forms the foundation upon which the study is based, identifying the justifications for researching the subject of quality standards for a child-friendly school environment and its importance in improving the educational environment and achieving sustainable development in the education sector. The introduction reviewed the growing importance of the quality of the school environment in light of recent educational transformations. Schools are now required to provide safe, stimulating, and responsive learning environments that enhance children›s psychological and social well-being and contribute to better academic achievement. In this context, the concept of the child-friendly school has emerged as an educational trend aimed at ensuring a school environment that supports active learning, upholds children›s rights, and ensures their safety and comfort within the school.

The Quran is the grand repository of faithful memory, and its primary purpose is remembrance. Consequently, it employs a succession of reminder echniques and alerting mechanisms. To revitalize forgetful or willfully forgetful memories, it utilizes diverse discourse styles, most notably: the anaphoric referencing tyle in Quranic memory discourse, referring back to the narratives and stories of past peoples for reflection and remembrance. Additionally, it employs the emporal anticipation style in Quranic memory discourse, by summoning future scenes, particularly those concerning the destinies of rebels contrasted with the righteous in the scenes of the Day of Judgment. Memory is twofold: a true divine memory (the Holy Quran) and a selective human memory shaped by desires and fears. The human intellect is a product of its environment, and since environments are diverse, truth suffers from multiplicity or forgetfulness. Therefore, the Quranic memory arrives to negate forgetfulness, erase the flawed memory of rebels, and establish a faithful intellect with a firm and enduring truth.

Scientific advancements have brought about progress in all aspects of life, particularly in medical sciences, which have impacted people›s lives and provided solutions to problems they once faced, many of which were intractable. Artificial insemination is one of the interests that Islamic law seeks to achieve, create, and preserve. Imam al-Ghazali says: «The purpose of Islamic law for creation is fivefold: to preserve their religion, their lives, their intellect, their offspring, and their wealth.»

The conflict between the Abbasids and the Fatimid›s had profound intellectual repercussions for the Islamic nation. It was not merely a political conflict, but also bore sectarian and cultural dimensions that significantly influenced the structure of Islamic thought. Each side sought to consolidate its principles and religious legitimacy by supporting thinkers and scholars, which led to a flourishing of intellectual activity. At the same time, however, it was a major factor in deepening sectarian divisions and sowing doubt among followers of different schools of thought.
This conflict encouraged the writing of books and debates about the caliphate and imamate, contributed to the development of theology, and consequently contributed significantly to a division of loyalties within the nation. Muslims were divided between the Abbasid state in Baghdad and the Fatimid state in Cairo, creating a state of tension and ideological divisions whose effects would persist for centuries.

This research aims to study the level of psychological endurance among intermediate school students, as well as to analyze differences in this endurance according to gender (males and females). The research sample included 180 male and female intermediate school students in the General Directorate of Education in Kirkuk. The researcher relied on the Psychological Endurance Scale prepared by Khalaf (2021), which consists of 30 items. The instrument›s face and construct validity were verified by presenting it to a group of experts, and discriminatory power and reliability were calculated using the test-retest method. The data were statistically processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and several other statistical methods. The results revealed the following: - Intermediate school students have a good level of psychological endurance. Statistically significant differences were found in psychological resilience between males and females, with results favoring females.