Economic Studies

Climate change, represented by rising temperatures, global warming, declining water availability, pollution, and increased CO2 emissions, has profound and multidimensional impacts on various economies. These impacts are reflected in various vital economic sectors such as agriculture, industry, trade, water, transportation, energy, infrastructure, and gross domestic product (GDP), with varying degrees of impact between developed and developing countries. Iraq may be among the countries most affected by climate change due to its limited economic diversification, as well as the delay in implementing the required economic reforms to mitigate and adapt to climate impacts.

Iraq has witnessed many crises, including local and external, that have caused the collapse of the health situation, which is a logical case for the collapse of most macroeconomic indicators. This paper aims to present an economic proposal that works to transfer the type of health market in Iraq from an oligopoly market based on collusion to a monopolistic competition market based on excellence in the quality of health service provided

The career path is a set of strategies that an individual plans before entering a job and works to implement once employed, according to the institution's laws and regulations. Career path management involves integrating both individual and organizational career paths and directing them through career guidance, planning, and development programs aimed at enhancing both personal and organizational growth.

This study explores the role of the digital economy in enhancing economic development in Malaysia by highlighting government initiatives and policies that have contributed to improving the performance of this vital sector. It analyzes the state of the digital economy through the performance of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector, e-commerce, and its role in driving economic growth, creating high-value job opportunities, and attracting local and international investments.

The study aims to determine the impact of strategic and operational planning on human resource management in the Second Karkh Education Directorate in Baghdad. The research problem lies in the lack of a clear strategic vision in most Iraqi educational institutions, including the study sample, where planning is often short-term and reactive.

The research aimed primarily to clearly identify the concept of audit evidence and identify the important types of this evidence, in addition to demonstrating the impact of approved and used audit evidence in improving the effectiveness of the audit function. The opinions of (70) employees of specialists and those interested in the field of audit were surveyed. It was concluded that audit evidence has a significant impact on improving the effectiveness of audit operations, and that the auditor cares and relies on correct audit evidence with a high degree of accuracy in order for the audit operations to be correct, accurate and effective for the purpose of relying on them in making appropriate decisions that are consistent with the nature of the work in question being audited.