Gulf Economist

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting investment decisions (economic, political-security, and social-environmental) among Sudanese expatriates in the Arab Gulf countries. The study population consists of Sudanese expatriates in these countries, with a simple random sample of 212 participants, the study employs an analytical, descriptive and statistical approach. Data was collected using a questionnaire.
The theoretical framework addresses the concepts of investment and investment decision-making, the historical background of Sudanese expatriates, and their contributions to investment. In the practical framework, the study data were analyzed using the SPSS program to obtain descriptive and statistical results and to test the hypotheses.
The key findings of the study reveal a positive relationship between all factors and investment decisions. There is a strong positive relationship for social and environmental factors, a weak positive relationship for economic factors, and a weak negative relationship for political and security factors.
The study recommends improving the political and security environment, upgrading infrastructure, and paying attention to the banking system and financial market, and providing real incentives for Sudanese expatriates to encourage investment.

The interest rate is an effective monetary policy tool that plays a significant role in influencing economic activity and is an important indicator that affects inflation rates in particular. Using data for the period (2004-2024), the researcher used econometric analysis to determine the impact of the interest rate and predict the nature of the relationship in the future through cointegration. This was based on a set of tests, including stability tests, for both the interest rate and the inflation rate. It was found that the relationship between the interest rate and the inflation rate is an inverse relationship, and that there is cointegration between the variables. The study relied on simple regression analysis to demonstrate the impact of the interest rate on Iraqi economic activity through inflation during the study period. The researcher reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which are: the existence of a long-term balance between the interest rate and inflation, which means that the interest rate is capable of correcting deviations and structural imbalances in the Iraqi economy in the long term. The researcher concluded that the interest rate is ineffective in the Iraqi economy in the short term, because the relationship between the interest rate and the inflation rate in the short term is a direct and statistically significant relationship. However, in the long term, the relationship is insignificant, as the economy suffers from structural imbalances.

Relying on oil as the sole resource—whose prices are tied to global markets and remain subject to sharp fluctuations from time to time—poses a threat to the security and stability of the Gulf economies. This necessitates the adoption of a sustainable strategy for economic growth based on diversified, continuous, and sustainable sources for generating income and foreign currency. Such a strategy depends on diversifying the gross domestic product and creating added value In this context, the Gulf countries, like other rentier oil-exporting nations, have sought to implement economic diversification policies aimed at restructuring their economies by involving all alternative economic sectors in the development process. The challenges facing Gulf economies lie between their rentier nature and the goal of diversifying economic activity—an issue this study will address

This study aims to investigate a pragmatic method for reconciling profitability with environmental responsibility in the context of sustainable quality management. The research employs a quantitative methodology, using a survey-based framework to gather data from firms that are actively engaged in sustainable quality management techniques. The study utilizes a questionnaire as a method of measurement for the knowledge application on sustainability in business processes. Our sample will include 200 respondents of Basra Oil Company to achieve a diverse and representative sample of perspectives. The objective of the research is to examine the trends, patterns and relationship between sustainable quality management practices and profitability while analyzing the data collected in survey. This research can improve our understanding of how businesses may thrive by balancing environmental responsibility with profit-seeking behavior and the determinants that enable or impede such behavior. The study suggests organizations enact holistic sustainability plans and integrate environmental matters into their quality management systems to improve profits without sacrificing sustainability

Abstract:
The private sector contributes to economic development processes and is one of the most prominent means of advancing the economy, especially in countries suffering from a sluggish public sector and the accompanying problems of a weak trade balance and lost economic resources. The study focused on the obstacles that stand in the way of private sector progress, and the most prominent conclusion was that the Iraqi economy suffers from the absence of a suitable and encouraging investment climate, represented by laws, procedures, the security situation, administrative corruption, etc., which has hindered the desired advancement of the private sector. The study also presented a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which was that the government should strive to encourage the private sector towards sectors with real investment, such as industry, quarries, and agriculture, given their impact on reducing remittances, meeting local needs, reducing the trade deficit, and rationalizing hard currency.

Abstract:
This study aims to explore the relationship between entrepreneurship and financial stability of private companies in Iraq., a nation grappling with numerous economic and political challenges. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining [survey and questionnaire methodology] to collect data from a random sample of [65] private company employees. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using SPSS v26 .
The findings reveal a statistically significant positive correlation between the level of entrepreneurial practices, particularly investment in research and development (R&D), and key financial stability indicators. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that companies embracing innovation to develop new products and services exhibit a stronger capacity to adapt to market dynamics and sustain long-term growth Based on these insights, the study recommends the implementation of strategies to foster an entrepreneurial ecosystem. This includes creating an enabling environment for innovation, providing financial and technical support to entrepreneurs, and developing robust infrastructure to underpin sustainable economic growth in Iraq .

Abstract:
The study dealt with the reality of rural development in Iraq, with a focus on the challenges and opportunities available to advance the rural society. With the mention of economic, social and environmental factors affecting rural development, such as infrastructure, agriculture, natural resources, and levels of education and health. It was also highlighted on government policies and development programs applied in rural areas, and the extent of their impact on improving the standard of living for rural population, as well Supporting the small and medium enterprises sector, besides that, population stability is governed by several factors, the most important of which is to provide job opportunities Public services and basic needs play an active role in resettling and stabilizing the population and reducing migration towards urban areas

Abstract:
This study addresses the challenges of analyzing high-dimensional insurance data characterized by non-normal distributions. By employing advanced statistical techniques, including transformation methods and dimensionality reduction strategies like Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we normalize skewed variables and simplify complex datasets effectively. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) are used to identify significant predictors of policy charges, revealing how demographic factors such as age, sex, BMI, and lifestyle choices influence premium costs. The findings support personalized pricing strategies that reflect individual risk profiles more accurately. This research contributes to the development of sophisticated statistical models capable of managing complex datasets in the insurance sector, enhancing both operational efficiency and customer satisfaction.

Abstract:
The study aims at examining the relationship between Sustainable Human Resource Management and Organizational Sustainability through the interactive role of Electronic Management Information Systems among the employees of the Basra Electricity Distribution Company. Accordingly, the research adopts a descriptive-analytical method to collect and analyze data, relying on a questionnaire-based approach. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed to the study sample, of which 200 were received and deemed suitable for analysis.
To develop a conceptual model, a set of main and sub-hypotheses were formulated based on a review of previous studies related to the research topic. Various statistical tools were applied using SPSS (Version 23) to analyze the data and test the validity of the study hypotheses. The results of the statistical analysis indicate that the studied company prioritizes sustainability in its human resources to achieve Organizational Sustainability and actively seeks to enhance this process by leveraging Electronic Management Information Systems.

Abstract:
In the current research, the most important reasons that make a person submit to undergoing cosmetic surgeries, whether surgical or non-surgical, were identified. The results of the research showed that the gender and age of the person have a strong influence on the person’s desire to undergo cosmetic surgery, and marital status also plays an “effective” role. It increases the person's desire to undergo plastic surgery, as for the worker The materialist was in control of a person’s decisions regarding accepting or rejecting cosmetic surgery. The results also showed that most people in the sample subject of the research are neither inclined nor encouraged to perform cosmetic surgery because it poses a threat to life.