The White Dome Journal

Funeral and mourning ceremonies are deeply rooted traditions in Egyptian culture, reflecting the religious and social values ingrained in Egyptian society. During the Mameluke era, Egypt underwent significant social and cultural transformations that influenced these religious and customary practices, leaving a clear impact on social interactions with death and the psychological responses it triggered. These responses were manifested in human behaviors following the loss of a family member, friend, or acquaintance. This study aims to examine these practices and social rituals within their historical and cultural contexts, as well as to explore the social and religious influences that shaped them.

Quranic readings represent multiple linguistic phenomena. They represent the vast field of what the Arab tongues were like before and after Islam, with which scholars explored the arts of speech in terms of morphology, phonetics, and semantics. They represent the most expansive field of Arabic dialects with their different linguistic orientations. They bear the dialectal characteristics that diversified Arabic due to the different habitats of the tribes in the Arabian Peninsula. This variation in the pronunciation and spelling of letters subsequently led to multiple aspects of reading with regard to Quranic verses. Each reader has one or more narrators who took it upon themselves to clarify the recitation style specific to what they narrated from their sheikh. They were like investigators who corrected their sheikh›s method of vocal and tonal performance. Each reader may have one or two or more narrators, and it is not necessary for the two narrators to agree on their sheikh›s reading at all.

Political Marriages between the Ruling Georgian Family and Some Muslim Princes in the Late Abbasid Era .
Relationships and ties between political powers have varied throughout history. Marriages between ruling families of different ethnicities and religions throughout history are one example of these relationships and ties, aimed at establishing security and stability and laying the foundations of peace between countries, especially during times when some of these powers are often weak. This was not the case, as many countries concluded political marriages while enjoying political strength, cultural prosperity, and economic prosperity.
Political marriages between countries and emirates have varied and multiplied across different times and places. This research addresses some of these marriages, namely (political marriages between the ruling Georgian family and some Muslim princes in the Late Abbasid Era). The research objectives include: a geographical and political overview of the Kingdom of Georgia and the nature of political marriages; political marriages between the Kingdom of Georgia and the Kingdom of Georgia .

There is no doubt that belief in God is a matter that is firmly established by the unanimous agreement of divine laws. Belief in God Almighty also necessitates belief in prophethood and the Last Day. Therefore, belief in the origin of the afterlife is linked to both monotheism and prophecy, given that the afterlife is related to human deeds in this worldly life in general, and has a significant impact on the enumeration of deeds by God Almighty and the reward that results from those deeds, whether that reward be in this worldly life or the afterlife.

The current research aims to identify the effect of Sage›s Circle Strategy on the achievement of first-year middle school female students in the Social Studies subject. To achieve the research objective and hypothesis, the researchers followed the experimental method and the design of two equal groups with partial control because it suits the research objectives. The research community was determined by first-year middle school female students in middle and secondary schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Qadisiyah for the academic year (2024-2025). Using the simple random drawing method, Section (B) was randomly selected to represent the experimental group and Section (1), which represented the control group,The research sample amounted to 64 students after excluding the failed students, with 32 students in the experimental group and 32 students in the control group,The scientific material was determined in the fourth and fifth chapters of the Social Studies book scheduled to be taught in the second semester of the academic year (2024-2025), The researchers prepared the research tool, which was represented by the achievement test in the Social Studies subject, and it consisted of 40 test-type paragraphs The objective of four alternatives, and the researchers verified its validity reliability, level of reading difficulty, the effectiveness of its incorrect alternatives and the strength of its paragraph discrimination, After statistically analyzing the results, the researchers concluded that the experimental group students who studied the social studies material according to the Sage›s Circle Strategy outperformed the control group students who studied the same material according to the traditional method in the achievement test In light of the results, the researchers recommended a set of recommendations and suggestions

The Arabic language has become a focus of interest for many scholars and intellectuals, regardless of their language or intellectual and scientific background. We note that anyone who wishes to understand the meanings and vocabulary of the Holy Qur’an must first study, understand, and thoroughly understand the Arabic language. Similarly, anyone seeking to interpret the Holy Qur’an pays extensive attention to the linguistic aspect during the interpretation process. There is no book devoted to the Holy Qur’an that does not include a discussion of the Arabic language and an explanation of the meanings of its vocabulary.
The Arabic language has developed its own methods and approaches. Interpretation scholars have considered the linguistic approach to be one of the most well-known interpretive approaches, and have established standards and criteria that must be followed by anyone who wishes to adopt this approach in the interpretation process. Interpretation scholars throughout the ages have made significant efforts in classifying this field. I subsequently adopted a new approach to the interpretive process of the Holy Quran. Based on this, we decided to present our research, titled “Linguistic Interpretive Structures: Presentation and Application,” consisting of an introduction and two chapters. I addressed the definition of the methodology and the interpretive structures, the origin and history of the linguistic interpretive methodology, its most prominent proponents, its most important sources, and the controls of linguistic interpretation, as well as the specific and common linguistic rules of interpretation. I then presented the conclusion, which contains the results derived from the research, followed by a list of sources.

This study examines the role of dialogue and discussion methods in enhancing critical historical understanding among secondary school students, based on the shift in history teaching curricula from indoctrination to interactive methods based on reflection and analysis. The study focuses on clarifying the concept of critical historical understanding and distinguishing it from narrative understanding based on memorization. It highlights the importance of this type of understanding in building responsible historical awareness that enables learners to read and analyze events within their temporal, political, and cultural contexts.
The most prominent skills associated with critical historical understanding are addressed, such as analysis, interpretation, multi-perspective thinking, chronological thinking, source evaluation, and ethical evaluation. It also addresses practical teaching strategies such as analyzing historical documents, brainstorming, role-playing, and the teacher›s role in stimulating dialogue within the classroom environment. The research also includes a practical framework based on field tools such as interviews, questionnaires, and analysis of student outcomes. The results demonstrated that classes that implemented the dialogue and discussion approach outperformed students in terms of their level of understanding, analysis, and classroom participation. Teachers› responses indicated that dialogue is an effective tool for stimulating reflective thinking and enhancing students› self-confidence, demonstrating the effectiveness of this modern educational approach.

This research offers a comprehensive study of Surat al-Bayyinah from the perspective of its doctrinal, interpretive, and linguistic aspects. It introduces the surah, including its name and its position in the Qur›an, along with an explanation of its number of verses and its general theme, which is to explain people›s attitudes toward the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family) and the Holy Qur›an, and its consequences in this world and the hereafter. It includes three sections: the first, an introduction to the surah; the second, the reason for its revelation; and the third, a thematic analysis of it.

Lady Zaynab was the daughter of Imam Ali and Fatima al-Zahra, and the granddaughter of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). She was born in Medina and raised in the household of the Prophet. She was known for her knowledge, patience, and courage, especially during the tragedy of Karbala. After the martyrdom of Imam Hussein, she bravely stood against injustice and delivered a powerful speech in Yazid’s court. Her titles include: Heroine of .Karbala, Mother of Sorrows, and the Noble Lady of Banu Hashim

This study is important in the field of asking for help to forget you for the sake of God.
The Meccan stage was a call for unification in a pagan society, and for equality in an environment that believed in class differences and lineage. Then came the era when the first Islamic state was established. The first legal and social revolution took place, and it was not easy for the people of Mecca, who migrated to Yathrib, and he had to accept the new situation of Arab women.

This tagged research (The Relationship of Self with the Qualities in Islamic Thought) deals with the problem of the self with the qualities and theories put forward by the Islamic linguistic teams to solve this problem, And a statement of the evidences presented by each team in solving this problem, In order to clarify the foregoing, the research was organized in the following plan:
The first topic: The Relationship of Self with the Qualities in Twelfth Imamiyah.
The second topic: The Relationship of Self with the Qualities in Mu›tazila.
The third topic: The Relationship of Self with the Qualities in Ash›aris.
The fourth topic: The Relationship of Self with the Qualities in Maatreedis.
The fifth topic: The Relationship of Self with the Qualities in Salafism.

The current study aims to determine how the application of semantic mapping technology can help students with learning disabilities improve their oral reading skills. The researcher developed a hypothesis to achieve this. The research sample consisted of seventeen male and female students with learning disabilities in the fourth grade of primary school, special education department. The students were divided into two groups: eight students in the experimental group and nine students in the control group. To assess their oral reading speed skills, the researcher designed a test in which he selected a reading text from the reading book that the students had not studied. The text was (Medicine in Food), consisting of (52) words. The apparent validity of the test was extracted by presenting it to a group of judges to determine its readiness for application. The researcher extracted reliability using the test-retest method. The researcher also prepared plans for the semantic mapping strategy for the experimental and control groups using two tests—one before the experiment and the other after its implementation. The researcher relied on the experimental design, also known as the equivalent groups design. Then, the two groups were given statistical rewards in some other factors. To examine the research results, the data were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, the Chi-square test, the Yates correction test, and the Kuder-Richardson-20 equation. These statistical methods were used because they are suitable for small samples. The results showed a statistically significant difference in favor of the students of the experimental group who studied according to the semantic map strategy in improving the skill of reading aloud speed. To complete the research results, a number of recommendations and proposals were made.

The current research objective was «The effect of the EDGA model on achievement and future thinking among students in the Department of Art Education in the Visual Composition course.» The researcher chose an experimental design with two groups: the experimental group, which was taught using the EDGA model, and the control group, which was taught using the traditional method. The research sample consisted of 79 third-year students in the Department of Art Education. The researcher developed research tools, including an achievement test consisting of 35 test items (25 true/false items and 10 multiple-choice items), and a future thinking scale consisting of 23 items with graded answers distributed across four main future thinking skills. The researcher statistically verified the psychometric properties, validity, and reliability of each tool, and then applied them at the end of the experiment. A t-test was then used for two independent samples to obtain the final results of the research, which demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the arithmetic mean scores. The experimental and control groups were assigned to the post-achievement test and the post-future thinking scale. The researcher therefore recommended adopting the EDGA model in the teaching process due to its effective impact on achievement and future thinking.

The current research objective was «The effect of the EDGA model on achievement and future thinking among students in the Department of Art Education in the Visual Composition course.» The researcher chose an experimental design with two groups: the experimental group, which was taught using the EDGA model, and the control group, which was taught using the traditional method. The research sample consisted of 79 third-year students in the Department of Art Education. The researcher developed research tools, including an achievement test consisting of 35 test items (25 true/false items and 10 multiple-choice items), and a future thinking scale consisting of 23 items with graded answers distributed across four main future thinking skills. The researcher statistically verified the psychometric properties, validity, and reliability of each tool, and then applied them at the end of the experiment. A t-test was then used for two independent samples to obtain the final results of the research, which demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the arithmetic mean scores. The experimental and control groups were assigned to the post-achievement test and the post-future thinking scale. The researcher therefore recommended adopting the EDGA model in the teaching process due to its effective impact on achievement and future thinking.

The place is of great importance in the novel, as it is through it that the connotations have been studied in novels extensively, but each researcher has his own way of dealing with the events that take place in it. Some of them studied the place from the psychological aspect of the character, some of them studied it from the perspective of its historical importance to the character, and some of them studied it on other bases. As for this research, we studied the place in terms of the spatial connotation and the extent of its influence on the character, and what are the effects that the place has had in changing the character’s states? In this research, we have made a simple reference, with some limitation, to the most important places in the novel, and the extent to which the character is affected by them, and the extent of their influence on the psychological, social and economic aspects of the character. We have divided this research into a group of demands, the first of which includes “the concept of place”, the second demand “types of place”, and the third demand, in which we dealt with “types of spaces of place in Mansi’s novel”, as we divided it into three sections. In the first section, we dealt with “the space of the closed place”, as it contained “the beloved familiar place”, “the narrow place (repression)”, and “the frightening hostile place”. As for the second section, it was titled “the space of safe passage”, as it contained “the school, the university, the café, the host, and the hotel”. The third section was titled “the space of the open place”. It contained “the city, the river or shore, the village, the marsh, and the street.” Through our study of the space of place in the novel “Mansi,” we found that the meaning of place changes with the change of events in it, meaning that it is the human being who transforms that place from one state to another, so sometimes it changes from familiarity to distress, sometimes from love to hostility, and so on. The method we adopted is the “analytical method”.

The impact of climate on agricultural activity and diseases of wheat crops in Anbar Governorate was studied for the period (1983-2023). This is a complete climate cycle that is important in providing a clear picture of the nature of the prevailing climate in the study area, with the possibility of climate prediction for this crop in the next climate cycle. This is because climate deals with a time period of 30 years or more, especially since Iraq is one of the countries most affected by climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor changes in climate elements that could change and negatively affect the wheat crop in the study area. The study concluded that temperature, wind, and humidity are the most influential climate elements on wheat diseases at various stages of growth. These diseases are divided into: first, sensitive plant diseases, which are parasitic diseases transmitted from one plant to another, and are therefore called contagious. This is present in the study area due to the southeasterly winds that carry diseases from southern Iraq and Iran to the study area. Physiological diseases, which are considered among the most important factors influencing diseases that affect wheat crops in Anbar Governorate, such as various types of rust, were also studied. It was found that climate With its various components, the study area is suitable for growing wheat, particularly treated seeds that can resist these diseases.

The book «The Foreign Policy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the Maghreb Region», by Professor Dr. Fahd Abbas Suleiman, born in Kirkuk in 1980. He holds a BA in History from the College of Education, University of Mosul, in 2002, a MA in Modern History from the College of Education, University of Mosul, in 2004, and a PhD in Modern History from the College of Education, University of Mosul, in 2011. He specializes in Arab history and contemporary international relations and teaches at the University of Kirkuk, College of Education for Human Sciences, Department of History. He has numerous published research papers in Arab and Iraqi journals and has participated in numerous international conferences. Professor Dr. Fahd has evaluated 30 academic papers and 20 university dissertations and supervised numerous MA and PhD students at the University of Kirkuk. It is one of the most prominent references on the foreign policy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the Maghreb region, which has been characterized by With a tendency toward quiet diplomacy and gradual adoption of positions and decisions, given the Kingdom›s possession of the necessary elements for this approach, whether material or moral, it sheds light on the development of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia›s foreign policy and the factors influencing it. It also focuses on supporting the independence of the Maghreb countries, including Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, and Libya. It also examines the historical development of Saudi-Moroccan relations until 2005 and the role of Saudi foreign policy in strengthening economic and investment cooperation with the Kingdom of Morocco from 2005 to 2015.
The book was published by the Arab History Publishing Center in Istanbul in 2025. It is 276 pages long and 17 x 24 cm in size. It features a precise academic methodology that combines historical analysis with scientific academic documentation.

This study aims to analyse the impact of increasing frequency and severity of dust storms on air quality in the Iraqi governorates of Maysan and Dhi Qar, using the fusion of remote sensing data (MODIS AOD index) with ground-based measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) concentrations. The research hypothesises that there is a clear correlation between higher AOD values and increased particulate matter concentrations, with this relationship being influenced by factors such as topography, land use patterns, wind speed, and the degree of desertification. The study adopted multiple methodologies including statistical analysis (regression models, correlation coefficients), cartographic representation via Geographic Information Systems (GIS), principal component analysis to explain the interactions between climatic and human factors, as well as comparing spatial data with field measurements. Its importance lies in bridging the knowledge gap on the mechanisms of dust storm formation and impacts, and providing supportive risk maps for decision makers, despite its limitations in covering neighbouring areas and the spatial resolution of MODIS data (10 km²/pixel), which cannot detect small local sources of dust. The results contribute to the development of accurate predictive models to mitigate the health and economic impacts of this phenomenon in arid regions.

This research presents an analytical study of the interpretation of Mawaahib al-Rahman by the great Shiite scholar Sayyid Abd al-A›la al-Sabzawari, one of the most prominent jurists and commentators of the fourteenth century AH. It aims to reveal the author›s interpretive approach, which combines reason and tradition, integrating philosophical, mystical, and jurisprudential dimensions within a cohesive Quranic framework.
The research focused on highlighting the scholarly and intellectual characteristics of Sayyid al-Sabzawari›s personality, then addressed the most important characteristics that distinguish his interpretation, such as his reliance on language and rhetoric, his balanced use of narratives, and his precise analysis of verses in light of doctrinal and moral concepts.

Folk proverbs are among the oldest forms of cultural expression in human societies. They represent the sum of human experiences accumulated over generations, reflecting the values, traditions, and norms prevalent in society. These proverbs have formed an important part of Iraq›s cultural heritage, as they are inseparable from the original.
It is still widely used in everyday life, whether in family conversations or public discussions, as it carries deep meanings and guiding messages that help interpret social reality and understand the nature of relationships between individuals.

Justice is one of the attributes of God Almighty. Without it, trust in God’s promises and threats would be lost, and belief in the miracles of those who claim to be prophets would be impossible. Because of the importance of this attribute, God Almighty described Himself with it, saying: {God bears witness that there is no deity except Him, and [so do] the angels and those of knowledge - an upholder of justice.} (Al Imran: 18). The Holy Qur’an states that justice is the cornerstone for establishing God’s limits among people and holding them accountable on the Day of Resurrection, as God Almighty says: {And We will set up the scales of justice on the Day of Resurrection, so no soul will be wronged at all.} (Al-Anbiya’: 47)

This research explores the development of grammatical attributes within theoretical linguistics through a focus on changes within morphosyntactic systems over time. Previous theories of linguistics, for example, often distinguished morphology from syntax; nonetheless, recent theories increasingly stress their dynamic interdependence. Utilizing a qualitative diachronic research design, this research tracks changes to grammatical attributes such as tense, aspect, case, agreement, word order, gender, and number through internal processes such as reanalysis, grammaticalization, and parameter resetting, as well as external tendencies such as language contact and sociolinguistic change. Drawing together insights from Generative Grammar, Minimalism, and Construction Grammar, the research formulates a theoretical model of morphosyntactic change. Cross-linguistic examination of corpora such as the Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus, as well as data from the World Atlas of Language Structures, demonstrates that while particular patterns of change differ, underlying processes show regular patterns within language families. Findings highlight the plasticity of Universal Grammar, the complementary role of cognitive and usage-based considerations, as well as the significance of internal as well as external pressures for driving change into the grammar. Notwithstanding methodological hurdles such as sparse historical data as well as methodological complexity, the research makes a theoretical contribution to understanding mechanisms of change within grammar and underlines the need for a merger of morphological as well as syntactic models. Future work should sample under-documented languages and real-time speech data so as to clarify morphology development dynamics.

The world is witnessing a remarkable acceleration in the adoption of artificial intelligence technologies in various fields, most notably human resources management. These technologies have become instrumental in improving operational efficiency and supporting hiring, training, and performance evaluation decisions. This study aimed to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on improving human resources management strategies in start-ups, through an applied study on a sample of start-ups in Baghdad, Iraq.
The study relied on field research tools including questionnaires and interviews, in addition to a comparative analysis with international experiences. The results revealed partial adoption of artificial intelligence technologies, mostly focused on smart recruitment, while their use in performance evaluation and training remains limited. The study also demonstrated that technical challenges, weak infrastructure, and the absence of clear legal policies constitute major obstacles to the expansion of the use of artificial intelligence. The study recommends adopting training and qualification strategies for human resources, developing national legislation regulating the use of artificial intelligence in the workplace, and supporting the entrepreneurial environment with appropriate technologies to enhance administrative efficiency in startups.