The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
We have before us the Issue of the Islamic Conquests. We want to say that we doubted their value and resent them. Dout has arisen over us and we are trying to reach the truth In it. Lt is not Possible for these conquests to spread Islam through bloodshed Pemissivenss Captivity, Robbery, Violence Injustice and Coercion, and Unless Islam has Come as a fruit of Internal social and Internal Movements that adopt and support the case, or if the Conquering Preachers have assimilated the example of Islam with which they address nations and Peoples.
Befor it is harassed and abused not with the edge of the sword or the force of arms to seize spoils and gains. And in our Vision this is reinforced by the dear revelation and the hadiths of the Prophet, in which on must seek what is right on Contement, Conviction and Sight in Spreading Islam, of accepting it in the shadow of a state that sponsors and Preserves bloodshed and Preserves covenants and another way in our vision of the conquests when we sought their facts and events with a measure of Critical sense and prudence in avoiding prejudices such as religious sectarian, national and ideological.

Abstract:-
The literature of any land reflects the ideas, beliefs, ideals, and interests common in that society and depicts the conditions of the society with artistic and literary language. In every literary period, there has been a group of committed poets who, in addition to expressing emotions in the poetic space, consider poetry to be responsible for raising awareness in society and explaining and reflecting on social issues. Throughout history, these poets have used the language of poetry to inform people and increase society's understanding of the events around them. Moufdi Zakaria and the Akhavan Sales are among the poets who in their ideals, dreams, and goals attach great importance to the issue of justice and the existence of freedom in society and express the social concerns and suffering they endured due to social anomalies through poetr, They shared their land Culture. This research, relying on the descriptive-analytical method, seeks to explain and apply the social approaches of the poems of the Akhavan Sales and Zakaria. One of the most important results of this research is that according to Mehdi Akhavan Sales and Moufdi Zakaria, to have a better life and a principled society, there must be a collective movement by both the government and the people. Achieving the ideals of society such as equality, social justice, and freedom is not easy to achieve. On the other hand, the two poets react to the tyranny and oppression they see in society and reflect this in their poetry. With the obvious difference that Moufdi Zakaria presents the facts explicitly and directly and without any ambiguity, the Akhavan Sales, using natural symbols and with more distant and indirect references, describes the tyranny and oppression, and destruction of society.

Abstract:
We present through this research, (verbal similarity (Homonymy) in the Holy Quran and its study based on the fundamentalists), which includes several sections as follows:
The first section dealt with the concept of the verbal similarity in linguistic and terminological meaning, and the second section includes the verbal similarity that the fundamentalists adopt and its types: moral similarity (Homosemy) and verbal similarity (Homonymy), the third section dealt with the origin of the similarity . The fourth topic dealt with the similarity between the obligation and abstinence . The fifth section, in this section we addressed using the utterance in more than meaning, the sixth section addressed using the utterance according to the explicators\' views. The seventh sections displays the types of homonymy, the final section addresses the uses of homonymy in jurisprudence . As for the conclusion, the researcher outlined the results of the study on the verbal similarity (homonymy) in the Holy Quran and its uses.

Abstract:-
In the field of writing Islamic history, the composition of the layers began for the Shiites as a way to know the personal dates of the interpreters of them and the extent of the trustworthiness of the Companions and followers and the narrators of hadith and various sciences and crafts in the second century in the Abbasid era and grew and flourished in the fifth and sixth centuries of migration. Perhaps the remarkable thing is that in this historical epoch, the Shiites composed many monuments of great importance in stratigraphy. From this point of view, this current study seeks, through the analytical-documentary approach, to shed light on the books of the Shiite classes in the Abbasid era to reveal their content and structural components. The importance of reading these books lies primarily in that they provide us with a complete knowledge of the political and social conditions of the Abbasid era, and to identify the contents and effects of Shiite literature, the book's viewpoints and the method of their composition. What this study showed that the Shiites were paying great attention to the prestige of the infallible imams (peace be upon them), their companions and their narrators, thus they allocated the largest share of their books to talk about them. This is one of the important features of the books of the Shi’a classes, because the necessity of recording and knowing the Prophet’s biography made the Sunnis not stand idly by in front of the Shi’ite movement, so they defined the Companions and mentioned their lineages and the narrators of the biography as a link to know the honorable prophetic hadiths.

Abstract:-
Economic Concentration is an economic phenomenon in origin represented by the growth of the size of enterprises operating in the market, and the decrease in their number on the other hand. This phenomenon quickly found its way into the world of law, so that the issue of economic concentration in our day has become one of the most important topics of competition legislation and monopoly prevention in different countries and the most modern.
Given the importance of accurately defining of the concept of economic concentration in determining the legal processes subjected to legislative control that is imposed on economic concentration, we decided to devote our research to study the concept of economic concentration. That is done by stating the economic definition of economic concentration at the beginning, then studying the legal definition of economic concentration at the level of legislation and jurisprudence, using the method of comparative legal study between French, European, Egyptian, Emirati and Iraqi legislation.

Abstract:-
The story of the Prophet Yusuf (peace be upon him) was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an in Surat Yusuf in full and was not repeated in other surahs as is the case with the rest of the Qur’anic stories, and it is the best of stories, the Almighty said: (We tell you the best stories with what He says) Youssef: 3, and the writer Fawzi Al-Tai is passionate about reading the Qur’an and contemplating its meanings. He benefited from the facts of this story and was influenced by it, from the aspects of language, rhetoric, and meanings, so he employed them in his novelist’s narration. The Qur'an and its meanings in general.

Abstract:-
If the historical biography, in general, is an important historical source in historical research, then the perfumed (prophetic biography) is an essential source in the study of Islamic history. Especially the noble Muhammadan message era, because caring for the event or the situation needs forces and capabilities to strengthen it. From other knowledge, the relationship between the historical source and poetry constitutes a permanent relationship because of the great importance of poetry to the Arabs. He is the one who reconciles their news and is concerned with their mental and cultural perceptions. Therefore, the study of poetry as a historical source in the biography of Ibn Hisham is the problem of the research, through which we try to prove the importance of poetry in writing, explaining and arranging the historical events that it contained after purifying it from weak or abnormal poetry. Before starting this topic, it should be noted that poetry occupies excellent importance in historical narratives, documenting events, knowledge of countries, and the multiple linguistic interpretations of words and vocabulary that the historian is exposed to, Which may or may not be successful. If poetry is a historical document, then it has strengthened the historical event and participated in promoting the narration of the event or news by explaining some of those events and contributing to providing the event with a clear position that is synonymous with it. Just as poetry was the diwan of the Arabs, the place of their confidence and the crossing point. From their culture and their pride in their unity and tribal tendency, it became an expression of the new life of Islam in its orientations and days. The study revealed the great importance of the relationship of poetry with the linguistic aspect of the Prophet’s biography, and what was expressed by its author of a clear interest in the linguistic vocabulary that can be studied as a book as it has an intimate connection with the development of the Arabic language, and what it contains of vocabulary and phrases that revealed a stage of linguistic development since the pre-Islamic era. Passing through the beginning of the Islamic message, up to the Umayyad era, Where the Qur’anic expression constituted an important transformation in the Arabic linguistic expression, from poetry and prose, as well as in the general Arab life, religiously, linguistically and culturally.The biography by Muhammad bin Ishaq, then abbreviated by Ibn Hisham; Thus is the movement of time, and the movement of historical and linguistic development.

Abstract:-
In fact, this study sheds light on the administrative courts and their formations in the Iraqi Republic, their composition and emergence, the cases brought to them, the degree of litigation in them and how the Iraqi legislator organized them, an in-depth study and a detailed explanation in comparison with the French legislation, due to the need for a specific mechanism for selecting and qualifying specialized judges to consider the Administrative disputes, and within a clear time frame determined by the law and the government is committed to it, and the legislator must refer this to an independent law for litigation, although this issue represents the cornerstone of the development of administrative justice, and it must be stipulated in the legislation itself to ensure its implementation and adherence to it. The Iraqi State Council is also supposed to include judges imbued with the spirit of common law and aware of the privacy and nature of administrative disputes, as is the case in France, Egypt and many countries of the world, and the statement of the jurisdiction of the Administrative Court has the power to consider appeals related to all final administrative decisions with reference to a group of them for example The example is not limited to, and because of the specificity of the administrative cases that are presented before the State Council, it is necessary to discuss its nature, formations and historical development in Iraq and France, and to explain its organizational structure in light of the Iraqi Shi’ite need to keep pace with the modern judiciary and what the great powers have gone to. From this standpoint came the necessity to study the constitutional organization of the State Council to shed light on these organizations and to know the extent of convergence between Iraqi and French legislation and the divergence between them. The second is the provisions of organizing the State Council in Iraq and France, and we separated the discussion in the third chapter, the organizational structure of the Iraqi State Council, then we concluded the thesis with several results we reached during our studies and a number of recommendations that we hope to adopt, and we ask God for success.

Abstract:-
The research aims to identify and measure the risks that have been referred to within the international financial reporting standards in preparation for disclosure in the financial statements and their effect on any of the income and financial position elements in order to serve the users of the financial statements to rationalize their economic decisions.
In order to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used some financial statements (the balance sheet, income statement, and trading prices in the Iraq Stock Exchange) of the industrial and financial companies represented by the Baghdad Soft Drinks Company, the Modern Sewing Company, the National Investment Bank and the Al-Mansour Investment Bank. By collecting previous sources and studies, the researcher also used the descriptive and analytical approach in the practical side by applying statistical and financial analysis to measure the risks referred to by the international standards for the report.
The research found that risk measurement and disclosure information is considered appropriate and useful information for users of financial data, because it helps them to rationalize economic decisions and reduce their level of uncertainty, and that this type of information addresses weaknesses in accounting information that do not meet the requirements of disclosure and do not serve users.
The most important recommendations recommended by the researcher: For the International Accounting Standards Board to provide a unified methodology for measuring risks and obligating all companies that apply international financial reporting standards to submit their financial statements, including information on measuring the risks they were exposed to, for the purpose of enhancing the qualitative characteristics of accounting information in the service of economic decision makers.

Abstract:-
The research dealt with the issue of human rights violation in Brazil and the position of the United States of America regarding it 1974-1980, explaining the impact that the American criticism of human rights in Brazil had on the American-Brazilian relations, especially the military ones, as Brazil abrogated the military aid treaty with the United States of America. And the administration of President Carter sought to restore military relations between the two sides.

Abstract:-
Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (996 – 1021), the sixth caliph of the Fatimids caliphate (909 – 1172) in South Africa, established a scientific institute in 395 AH in which it was completely free to study and teach various sciences. Two different titles have been utilized to refer to this scientific institute in diverse resources, including: “Dar al-Elm” and “Dar al-Hikma”. This article attempts to analyze the views of Heinz Halm, the contemporary Ismaili scholar, on the title of this institute. In his book entitled “The Fatimids and their Traditions of Learning”, Halm has considered using the title “Dar al-Hikma” for this scientific institute a great mistake, since he believes that Hikma (i.e., wisdom) is particularly related to the inmost knowledge of the Ismailis. The results of this study indicate that Halm, in addition to not having sufficient adherence to Islamic resources, has made mistakes in presenting historical statements and has ignored the evidences contrary to his own views.

Abstract:-
Armed groups often play a negative role in applying the human standards to be followed during armed conflicts. This issue is complicated by the fact that these armed groups are not considered by the parties involved as part of the solution to put an end to the violation of the international human law. What makes things worse is that such groups are generally unable to have a role to play in finding the necessary international legal standards to regulate the true custody of the civilians during conflicts. This is so because they are not believed to be one of those involved in the relevant International human treaties.
There is no doubt at all that admitting the actual role of armed groups in putting an end to the violations of the International human law besides accepting responsibility for such violations will have a positive influence on the protection of the civilians who reside in the regions governed by these groups.
The problem of the study is represented by a lack of a clear mechanism at the international level to oblige these militia not to violate the International laws. The thing that makes the non-governmental organization of Geneva Call to create a new mechanism called Deed of Commitment which has been signed by the armed groups who want to respect the rules of the International human law.
To comprehend the subject of our research which is about the role of the organization Geneva Call in International human law enforcement, it has been divided into three chapters. The first chapter focuses on explaining the emergence and the formulation of the Geneva Call, the second one tackles the legal nature of that orgaization, whereas the third chapter is allocated for shedding light on the duties of the organization in question.

Abstract:-
Ma'rifat al-Qurrā' – which is also known as “Tabaqāt al-Qurā'” – is a famous work of Shams al- Dīn Muḥammad al- Dhaḥabī, one of the great historians and scholars of Ḥadīth and Tarājīm in the eighth century A.H. In fact, the basis of this book was derived from another work of al- Dhaḥabī called “The History of Islam”, and later by some additions and changes became an independent work. The book estimated the Qur'anic recitations with accurate reports of reciters’ bibliographies and evaluating the chains of their recitations, and thus provided a precious service in verification and classification of the Qur'an reciters. In addition to the authority of this book in its own time, its strategic position in the science of recitation made it a basis of other writings such as “Ghāyat al-Niḥāya” of Ibn al-Jazarī, and put it the most important work in the field of reciters’ bibliographies and classification of their classes up to the present time. With a comparative-descriptive method, this research has tried to study this valuable book and present a clear picture of what al- Dhaḥabī's did in his writing. Looking at the many studies on Ma'rifat al-Qurrā' and manuscripts have remained of this book, it turns out that al- Dhaḥabī gradually presented three versions of his book which differed a lot from each other in the number of entries.

Abstract:-
The phenomenon of corruption has become a major field in both local and international studies, and it is becoming more and more important to fight and treat it because of its negative impact on any society, Regardless of the level of social development or consciousness, or social, cultural or economic backwardness, Because corruption exists in all societies.
This study aims to identify the types of corruption in terms of the areas in which they are prevalent, and to refer to the types of corruption (political, administrative, financial, economic, cultural, moral, social, judicial, ideological, environmental, security, and media), as well as an analysis of the relationship between the phenomenon of corruption and democracy and globalization, With a definition of the relationship between corruption and the two terms mentioned from deterring corruption and reduce its level, or increase the spread and penetration.

Abstract:-
There is no doubt that the nation has been proud of scholars who gained a knowledge, and among these geniuses is the Muhaddith Allama al-Majlisi, who was able to carry out the process of collecting hadiths, and everything that was transmitted from the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family) and his pure and pure house. He had a long experience in the issue of collecting hadiths, explaining them, clarifying their treasures and approximating their meanings, and this research reviewed the role of the Qur’anic text in understanding the narrations in Al-Wafi’s book, where Al-Majlisi used the noble Qur’anic texts to clarify and approximate the goals of the narrations.share of knowledge, cut distances, and rode the seas to acquire.

Abstract:-
The purpose of concluding administrative contracts is to meet people's needs and public interests. In these contracts, a large amount of financial resources are usually transferred from the public sector to the private sector, and through this process a ground for corruption is created. Tendering is a common form of local government contracting. In our current laws, the executive institution is considered the reference in diagnosing the need for tenders, and it did not specify a specific legal mechanism in this field. Evaluation of the offers of the bidders by the technical and commercial committee whose members are selected by the authority authorized by the authority conducting the tenders without the involvement of any other party outside the tendering party, as well as the lack of the need for technical and commercial evaluation of the one-stage tenders is one of the shortcomings and legislative shortcomings that provide the grounds For misuse of power and administrative corruption in government institutions that hold tenders, in the Tenders Law and other related laws, we did not see any information about the method of concluding the contract, principles, sources, provisions and legal effects, and this matter harms the rights of the other party in the contract (the bidder). Also, the aforementioned law does not provide for any provisions at the stage of contract implementation, control and review. Therefore, reviewing the tender regulations in order to close the legal loopholes that lead to corruption is an undeniable necessity.

Abstract:-
Uprising literature is the literature that urges oppressed peoples to resist oppression، tyranny and occupation. Poet Sulafa Al-Hajjawi was one of the most prominent poets of protest on the Palestinian arena، as she belonged to the Palestinian uprising and the Palestinian liberation movement since 1969 AD، and was active on the cultural and women’s levels. Given the centrality of the issue of Palestinian resistance in the poetry of Sulafa Al-Hajjawi، this research aims to study the issue of revolutionary revival in the poet's poems، analyzing her artistic methods used in it، including similes، metaphors، symbols and intertextuality، in order to give a clear picture of her revivalist poetry and its value based on the descriptive analytical approach. The results of the research indicate that the poet paid attention to the issue of revival in all her poems، and she struggled with the Zionist occupation in Palestine and focused on the axes of incitement to jihad and struggle and glorification of heroes and militants، such as the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades. It also embodied the crimes of the occupation، and it used various arts، such as symbols and intertextuality، in addition to ancient techniques such as simile and metaphor.

Abstract:-
Political and social events have been converted the 6th century that is the historical ages to the fundamental and unique ones in terms of patriotic concepts. The poets composited their poems with patriotism concepts during the time in which we can call some great poets such as Khaghani Shervani and Arabic poet, Ibn Sa’ati. Whereas the political and social conditions that is the same to two these poets were identical frequently so that they steered to a sort of poetry which is called cosmopolitan and patriotic one. The authors try to analyze and investigate their patriotic concepts -especially having common similarities- by analytic-descriptive method and based on Comparative Literature of American School in careful. The obtained results show although there is a lot common ones among them conceptually and contextually, there’s a clear difference from their insights and how to attitude among them of around problems and difficulties. Thus Ibn Sa’ati was hopeful and enthusiastic (optimistic) and could encounter the problems and difficulties hopefully positively. In reverse, Khaghani had considered the difficult happenings and events as loneliness and nostalgia negatively and pessimistically. But, the core of both poets’ poems is political and social as well as has the national and patriotic background.

Abstract:-
The science of narratology is one of the important and key topics of literary criticism and theorists in different periods have studied it from different angles; this science has grown significantly in the period of structuralism and the most important character of this period is Gerard French Genet. In addition to the accurate and logical classification of this science, he added important and new topics to it and presented his theory of narratology as a comprehensive and complete theory in the field of literary criticism. In Genet's theory of narratology, the time component has the largest volume of content. Genet introduces the three elements of order, continuity, and repetition as criteria for comparing and analyzing the time of a story and narrative text, thus enhancing the reader's knowledge of the narrative system of a literary work.
In this study, considering these three temporal components of Genet, we examined and analyzed the novel of the Bamboo Stalk by the Kuwaiti author Saud Al-Sanousi. In this work, in order to regain his identity, the narrator does not narrate the events of his 23-year life and several decades before that in a chronological order, but sometimes in the middle of narrating his two-year-old events, he returns to the events of 10 years before his birth and then goes back and deals with the events of his 10th birthday. This is where the narrative suffers from apocalyptic, retrospective, and futuristic views; on the other hand, the narrator sometimes narrates an incident several times for special reasons, and sometimes several events in one sentence. In order to restore his identity, he removes parts of past events, summarizes parts and states parts in full detail, and sometimes only describes his situation and the outside world; and the author has thus used the techniques of retrospection, futurism, repetition and continuity to enrich his work. The research method is selecting more than 100 lines from the text of the novel consciously, and then they are analyzed based on Gerard's theory.

Abstract:-
The philosophy of forming seminaries can be understood by analyzing the narrations of Ahl al-Bayt, including the narration of Abd al-Salam ibn Saleh Heravi from Imam Reza (PBUH). In this narration, the revival of the command of the Ahl al-Bayt is based on learning their sciences and knowledge and then teaching them to others. Therefore, naturally, scientific seminaries should be formed and the people should send their children to these seminaries to learn the sciences and knowledge of the Ahl al-Bayt and teach them to other people to revive the command of the Ahl al-Bayt in this way. As narrated by Ali ibn Musayyeb from Imam Reza (PBUH), scholars trained in these fields should be the agents of the people’s religion and world, the prerequisite of which is to be reliable. Therefore, they have a mission towards the people’s religion and world. Therefore, in addition to worrying about the religion of the people, they should also be concerned about their political, social, economic and livelihood affairs, and in this regard, there should never be a thought of separating religion from worldly affairs, including politics, which is against the requirements of the narrations. In addition, the most obvious example of the “Ahl al-Bayt’s command” and consequently the most obvious example of the “revival of the Ahl al-Bayt’s command” is the formation of an Islamic government based on their guardianship. As an example, the Islamic Revolution of Iran has been formed with this aim; it must continue its way based on this principle as well. However, the meaning of forming a government and interfering in politics does not mean that all religious scholars should enter the governmental issues and politics directly. On the contrary, they should try to distribute the Islamic system. A number of scholars must be guardians of the government and politics and a number of others, using their wisdom and warnings, must confirm and strengthen it as subsidiaries. In the case of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the leadership of the revolution and the Islamic system was the responsibility of Imam Khomeini at first, and after him Imam Khamenei has been in charge of the system. The rest of the scholars and authorities has been supporting the Islamic system and Velayat-e-Faqih and encouraging the people to be present on the scene and follow the guardian. There has never been a thought of separating religion from politics. The clerics, some being active in the areas of social responsibility and others being in charge of seminary and religious posts, have been supporting the system and the rule of the jurisprudent. A similar exemplification can be observed in the narration of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) about the relationship between Loqman and David.

Abstract:-
There are many words in the Qur’an that he used and did not use another word similar to it in meaning, whether it was (noun-verb-letter) because of the beauty of this word in the Qur’anic system in terms of the meaning it performs and also in terms of the consistency of the phonetic letters and their grammatical significance and in terms of the sentence If it is nominal or real, then each use has a meaning, as well as graphic and aesthetic aspects that the listener and reader are fascinated with, and both try to find linguistic formations in the Holy Qur’an. The semantic study of substitution in which the research is focused is an attempt to procedurally search for the significance of the words used without other synonyms and their contextual system that formed the other systems in the surah. And showing the shades of meanings of the words used in the two surahs of the Prophets and Hajj without other words similar to them in the same structure, and the role of context in the coherence of the sentence through the use of the substituted word and its verbal and structural relationship to the Qur’anic text. Nominal substitution, the second topic is the actual substitution, and the third topic is verbal or Hebrew substitution, in which a linguistic element is replaced by a phrase (a sentence, or several sentences) within the text

Abstract:-
This research, on the Islamic school, has evaluated the novel “The Man Who Believed” by Najib Kilani, a contemporary Egyptian writer, by descriptive-analytical method on the criteria of inviting and reforming the society. The content part includes the religious duties of the inviter and the reformer. The most important achievements of the research in the content section of the mentioned novel are that the author pays attention to the method of inviting the reform of society in the form of a story. Invitation, giving and getting influence, sincerity in action, how to deal with opponents, humility and humbleness, enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, enduring suffering and hardship in the path of invitation and reform and etc. which are the characteristics of the eternal religion of Islam. By reading the novel, the reader can feel responsible for the duty of inviting and reforming the society and through it, communicating with the society. The novel "The Man Who Believed" has a coherent structure in terms of storytelling, which has evaluated the aspect of invitation and reformation of society through the language of the three main characters of the story: Arian Carlos, Shaikh Eid al-Yaqoubi and Ali, a hotel employee. Has been and in his work has described it from different angles. The author is familiar with the main criteria of inviting and reforming the society and has explained it from different angles in his work.

Abstract:-
The behavior of the product and investment in the Islamic perspective depends on a specific strategy in four axes: risk instead of gambling, participation instead of Riba, stability of the value of money instead of inflation, cooperative competition dominated by the price of justice (the price of the proverb) , freedom of pricing and the Prevention of gharar sales instead of monopoly
- The abolition of interest is not the only reform, but there must be three reforms, directing savings towards investment, eliminating hoarding and effective use of savings.
- The behavior of the product and the volume of investment in the Islamic perspective are determined by the rate of Return of participation, the degree of risk, the stability of expectations, the availability of alternatives for holding money.

Abstract:-
This research is about gathering the doubts that have been haised about Altousi's two books(Faharsat and Alrajal).T hese two books are considered the most important books written by Altousi in the field of the study of Hadith.Altousi wrote Faharsat and Alrajal forth sake of mentioning the principles and classifications of men In(Alrajal)،he mentioned the names of prophet mohammed(my God bless him and his house hold)and his companions Firstly،and then the nemes of Imam Ali (peace upon him) and his companions and the coupanions of other Imams.In the end of the book،he mentioned the nams of men who were never taken in the consideration of Imams.may doubts have been raised about these books there fore،they are not regarded principal books of Hadith reporting،but after study them deeply،it is discovered that they are highy qualified books in field of men of Hadieth Reporting.

Abstract:-
The legal street looks at sanctity from the perspective of accuracy and caution against falling into this act, which is rejected by the Islamic community, and the basis of sanctity may be inspired by the Holy Qur’an and the honorable Sunnah of the Prophet. The law applies this sanctity in a man-made manner, and the legal legislator may describe it as a crime committed by a person in violation of what is stipulated by the law regarding the right of society to live in peace and security. Therefore, sanctity and crime operate on the same basis of meaning, but for each term there is a specific punishment for the one who committed the forbidden and the crime In this research, we will focus on the meaning of prohibition and criminalization in jurisprudence and law, and the penal sanctions that each of them entails that may be implemented by virtue of Islam or by law.

Abstract:-
This research seeks to know the relationship between the independent variable represented by strategic stability in its dimensions (deterring threats, reassuring allies, developing the capabilities of workers), with the dependent variable represented by organizational performance with its dimensions (management innovation, technological innovation, sustainability, contextual performance).
This study was conducted on an intentional sample of (97) respondents, which included the directors of departments and people in the General Directorate of Education in Najaf Governorate, due to the large and effective role that this directorate plays in the education movement in the governorate in particular and the country in general. To achieve the objectives of the research, the (Al-Janabi, Al-Dhabawi, 2018) model was used to measure the dimensions of the independent variable (strategic stability) and the (Zhang, etal, 2019) model to measure the dimensions of the dependent variable (organizational performance), and the research used the questionnaire as a main tool for data and information collection and for data processing. And the information was used by many statistical methods, including (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, path coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient) and the results were extracted using the ready-made computer program (Smart PLS).

Abstract:-
The first spark of the Great Iraqi Revolution was launched on June 30, 1920. It was led by the supreme religious authority, fighting the invading English forces. One of the most important results of this revolution was laying the foundation for modern Iraq.
The revolution had many armament sources that contribute during the five months of fighting. The internal armament sources was the arms that the revolutionaries obtained in their battles with the Ottoman or British occupied forces, *and the autonomy of Al-Najaf and Al-zubair.*
The external armament source was the smuggling arm operations from Arab Gulf to Iraq, and the Anglo-Ottoman competition in Iraq.
All these topics and others are studied in this research..

Abstract:-
This research focused on a number of issues that considering as a major issues and it is not possible to address international politics or the international system without studying and discussing it in a scientific and objective manner, which subjecting it to research and analysis - or all or any of its parts - in order to understand them and develop their own frameworks which thus develop a correct way to deal with these issues, as that is the duty of political decision-makers and all those interested in this scientific field to know the nature of these issues and the ambiguity surrounding them in some aspects of the picture from an intellectual trend to another one maybe during short period of time, so this research dealt with the most important issues related to international politics, which are: the international system and the changes that it witnessed and what is expected of it, international relations and their interactive nature between international actors, the nation state and what are the trends of its effectiveness and finally the regional tendency of countries in terms of convergence and the intersection with the trend towards globalization and the nature of the conflict or integration between the two trends, finally the intersections between regional systems and the global system.

Abstract:-
The purpose of this research is to show aims to identify the nature of the relationship between psychological safety and bargaining power, and work to prepare or create a safe working environment based on occupational safety, and to identify the effectiveness of the negotiating power of the leaders of the organization in developing and strengthening the organizational reality in dealing with different situations in relation to the objectives of the organization, And her message. To achieve this, a research sample was selected in a number of small and medium-sized business organizations in the province of Najaf, where the sample was randomly composed of (138) workers in a number of business organizations, as the study was conducted to identify the relationship and influence between psychological safety and bargaining power, and it showed Results: There is a positive correlation and effect and has a significant statistical significance among the members of the research sample, and that psychological safety has an explanation of variance at a higher level for research on the dimensions of bargaining power. The most important results are that the research sample has a sense of security at a significant rate, since the workers in these organizations work according to the will, awareness, a sense of reassurance, and self-observation that enhances ideas and increases production and makes efforts to communicate with the competitive external environment and work according to the negotiating power that makes the other party subject to the will of the organization and protect its interests According to an active and dynamic strategy that enhances credibility and builds distinguished capabilities capable of sustaining effective communication with the target audience, and that the most important recommendations focused on the need for senior management in the organizations researched to build theoretical and practical developments to maintain programs that support the individual in performing his work tasks and in a way that makes him feel psychologically safe The fact that negotiating power is an expression of the image and reputation of the organization in support of its people.

ABSTRACT:-
Man passes different stages during his life journey. One of these stages that plays an important part in his life is death. Death is a stage in which soul departs from the body. Soul departure ranges from very easy to very difficult stages depending on one's deeds.Some people view death as the end of life and complete destruction. According to Islam, however, death is only a transfer from this world to the other one, which ends his worldly life. It is obvious that people are classified in different groups in the Resurrection. This paper is going to specify the number and features of these classes. According to this survey, in the Resurrection people will be classified in three main groups known as: the Companions of the right, the Companions of the Left and the Devoted.

Abstract:
Criticism of linguists is considered as one of the important topics in the report of the linguistic code of the Arabs. Writers, poets and poet laureates in the pre-Islamic era had luminous stances in this domain that represented the feasibility that enlightened the path for much broader work in the subsequent eras. However, linguists had the upper hand in the movement of linguistic correction and the attempt to direct critical of Arab speech and evaluate linguistic and poetic texts. However, their works were an inspiring source for many literary critics as well as researchers in the technical and aesthetic aspects.
In our research, we deal with a group of influential critics whov left clear and effective impacts on the critical blog that started from the pre-Islamic era until the end of the sixth century. In this study, they are distributing to three categories as follows: language critics, who are then followed by the group of linguistic correction, then critics of literature, God is the best.

Abstract:-
Muslim mystics have always considered the issue of the "The best arrangement of things", and each of them spoke about this issue in his writings. Each philosophical school, with its own principles, endeavored in different periods in the history of Islamic philosophy to present a coherent proposal for the the best arrangement of things. In this article, we seek to provide an explanation of the the best arrangement of things, by presenting the pillars and foundations of this issue in the works of a number of Muslim philosophers. In Islamic mysticism, the entire world of creation is a manifestation of the divine names and attributes, and since all divine names are good, the manifestations of those names (the world of creation) will also be good. Finally, we come to the conclusion that both the philosophical school and the mysticism, though different in principles, adhere to one way of explaining the best order, the Divine Self.

Abstract:-
yueadu alaitifaq bayn muhamad bin eabd alwahaab wamuhamad bin sueud alas as alawl liwujud alsaeudiat faqad aitafaq altarafan ealaa an takun qadiratan ealaa alsultat walilthaani alsultat alsiyasiat, tamakan alsaeudiuwn baed alhusul ealaa fatwaa min qadi almadina (sulayman bin blihdi) hadm alqubur alati fi albaqie watakhrib aluathar alaslamiat fi makat wajdat walmadinat fi almadinat 0 w albaqie yadumu qubur 'arbaeat min 'ayimat alhudaa wahum: alamam alhasan bin eali walamam eali bin alhasan walamam muhamad bin eali walamam jaefar bin muhamad (ealayhim alsalamu).
laqad aistanaduu fi eamaliat alhadm tafsir khati layt aleajal fi alquran alkarim aladhi aitakhadhuh qawm musaa 'iilha, fadlan ean ahadith nabawiat ghayruha waharfiha maenan watafsiran hasb ma taqtadi fatwahuman hadam qubur albaqie jarimatan bihukm aladilat alnaqliat waleaqliat, lidha fan matlab 'iieadat bina' alqubur matlaban mashruean wajab eadam altanazul eanh mahma kalaf hataa al'amr yaeud alhaqu lahilih.

Abstract:-
The images that the Arab society received were enthusiastically incorporating it into the human reality, moving it to the world of aesthetic pleasure, shaping its emotions and formulating its subjective world. Therefore, the emotion with the mixture of lines and colors is the sublime emotion that poetry aroused in the Arab human being, and these moral genetic genes are still firmly established on The taste of the contemporary Arab, whose perceptions of women have settled in dictionaries and dictionaries, has become all that matters to him and what is most important to him is the female body. As for the rest of her psychological, moral, literary and spiritual horizons... it is outside the limits of his calculation, far from his interest and far from his thinking. One of the requirements of rhetoric is that the addressee or the receiver or both of them depend on the context so that it is easy for them to understand the symbolism related to the elements of poetry, so the meaning is clear.

Abstract:-
The imams of men’s criticism of the Imamiyya scholars have been purifying the hadiths, and identifying the strengths and weaknesses in them, so they exerted their efforts in that, and their scholarly works testify to that.
And despite their extreme accuracy and sincerity in investigating the news of narrators, we find that they often deviate from the well-known and familiar way of judging narrators, which is to look at the conditions of narrators in terms of their descriptions. A high knowledge value - according to the testimony of a number of scrutinizing scholars - about the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), and with great praise for them from the imams (peace be upon them).
This led to the emergence of many serious problems that cast their shadows on the hadith heritage that we have, such as the conflict between the assessments of the imams of criticism and the sayings of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) regarding those narrators, as well as their accusation of exaggeration, confusion, lying or exaggeration, and thus fall into disrepair. Their narratives about authenticity and consideration, and other problems, and this was the reason for choosing the topic of research.
The research will shed light on this phenomenon in an attempt to identify the ways that the imams of men’s criticism from the Imamiyyah took in evaluating these narrators, as well as resolving the contradiction that occurred between the sayings of critics and the sayings of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon him) about those narrators, and also clarifying the truth of what those narrators were accused of.

Abstract:-
It appears that the apparent jurisdiction of its issuance and the lapse of time over the acquisition of administrative decisions in immunity against withdrawal or cancellation, but there are motives and justifications imposed on the administration and the competent judiciary to make those decisions issued in the case of apparent jurisdiction have the same legal force as the administrative actions issued in accordance with the doctrine of legality, and the principles of legality. The motives and reasons is to maintain the continuity of public utilities regularly and steadily and without prejudice to the work of public utilities, as well as to provide the necessary protection for others who deal with the public administration, which is extracted from the administrative decision Issued with apparent jurisdiction, and in addition to that by reasons or justifications is not wasting confidence in the public administration in the event that the legal consequences are not arranged on the administrative actions issued in the case of apparent jurisdiction.

Abstract:-
The Holy Qur'an, although a book of guidance, at the same time tries to present the way and show the facts, the capacity and delicacy of the audience and to present those long and deep meanings in the form of special words and constructions with the help of literary and rhetorical industries.. Illustration is one of the most important industries in which the Qur'an, by relying on it, engages or captures in the mind and conscience of the audience, and creates a new understanding and delay in it, with which it is possible to see what seemed to be far away. Terrified and within the scope of understanding and catching human perceptions. This illustration is sometimes presented through letters, sometimes with words and sometimes in the text of the sentence. Resurrection is one of the realms that the verses of the Holy Quran, with the help of this imagery, have transformed it from an unknown and inaccessible world to a world known and accessible to human beings. The verses referring to the resurrection, in a macro view, show the life of that world in two reciprocal arrangements; Those who have entered Paradise with salvation and those who have fallen into Hell with destruction. The main issue of this research is how the Holy Quran benefits from the illustration industry in the verses of the Resurrection, which is a descriptive-analytical method based on the data of organized libraries and the novelty of the Quran illustration and a new understanding of the world leading to its results.