Ivy Lee Journal for Public Relations

The study aims to understand the Iraqi public\\'s attitudes toward social issues posted on social media، specifically Facebook. It raises questions about the content of comments، whether they are negative or positive، whether they indicate respect for other opinions، or the opposite، whether the public engages in dialogue through comments، whether they offer solutions to posted issues، or whether they simply view them. The researcher selected five social issues، which revolved around magic practiced in cemeteries، honoring parents، a murder، an elderly woman working to support herself، and managing household affairs.
The total number of comments on these posts reached 1،047، from which the researcher selected 156 comments، based on a systematic random sample، representing 14% of the research sample.
The researcher followed a content analysis approach، revealing 59 main categories، with 516 repetitions. One of the most important findings was that the public dealt with issues by resorting to God Almighty، praying against the oppressors and supporting the oppressed. They also blamed themselves for voting for untrustworthy candidates in elections. They also accused the government of failure and corruption. Some comments directed insults and curses، holding it responsible for murders and other incidents. Furthermore، the public volunteered to provide information about serious incidents without any sense of responsibility for the seriousness of revealing this information publicly. The public was also eager to know the causes of crimes or incidents.

The study aimed to reveal the type of marketing methods adopted by companies producing electronic games in promoting and stimulating sales، as well as measuring the psychological and social effects of these marketing methods for games on the personality of the Iraqi child. Many local، Arab and foreign companies concerned with producing electronic games for children have turned to inventing new and effective marketing methods to entice and attract children and push them to buy these games despite their high prices، exploiting the emotional aspects of the child\\'s personality، his tendencies and his love for this type of games that have invaded the markets، and have turned from mere games into a state of addiction that has caused psychological and social disorders. This game has turned into the child\\'s permanent friend، bidding farewell to his real friends and playing in the street or school to live in a world dominated by virtuality and science fiction. To achieve the study\\'s objectives، the survey studies approach was relied upon by employing the tools of content analysis and scale، where the analysis was employed to identify marketing methods in the media، and to design and build a scale to identify the type of psychological and social effects on a random sample of school children in the city of Baghdad (Rusafa and Karkh)، where the sample amounted to (380) children from the age of six to the age of twelve. In order for the results to come out in an accurate scientific manner، the statistical program (SPSS) was used. The study showed important scientific results، the most prominent of which are.

Media blackout is no longer possible with the presence of social media users who are now connected to each other through networking processes. Everyone on the network can easily transmit information about what is happening in their homeland and the world as a whole in a manner that is synchronized with the event itself. Many social networking platforms provide a set of interactive tools that serve this purpose. The availability of the hashtag feature for the user is an easy way to discover a certain content، and the importance of studying it lies in its being an ideal source for capturing ideas about a group of interesting things and making all users’ posts available for search. Hence، the goal of studying the hashtag comes after it is one of the most popular hashtags، through which experts can know the prevailing social content that is of interest to users. The survey method was followed to study the phenomenon that is the subject of the research. This research belongs to the descriptive research that aims to describe the phenomenon and explain its characteristics، qualities، advantages and content. To achieve the research objectives، the survey method was used using a stratified random sample.
The research concluded that the content of the tag was diverse in all its forms in terms of the possibility of controlling the way it was presented، as the tags that referred to local issues and were published on the users’ public pages، such as the tags related to health and religious aspects، such as the tags raising awareness of the Quranic verses related to seeking forgiveness، calling، turning to supplication and repentance، and the tags raising awareness of the Quranic verses and the noble prophetic hadiths. In terms of style، the hashtags that carry a style of humor and sarcasm topped the list. In terms of goals، the hashtags that call for warning and advice topped the list. In terms of content، the hashtags of public relations campaigns for university students، the hashtags of news about sports and political figures، the hashtags of thanks and appreciation for medical، health and security personnel، and the hashtags that refer to religious and economic effects topped the list. This indicates that hashtags carry within them issues that have an impact not only in virtual reality، but also have an impact on real life، given their role، importance، influence، and extent of spread.

This research aims to identify the distinguishing elements between public relations studies and other media studies، including journalism، radio and television journalism، and digital media. This research is based on a methodological vision to determine the nature of the dimensions and elements that distinguish public relations studies from other media studies. This is done by examining the types of topics selected for research and analysis، how to approach them methodologically، and the possibility of identifying the most important differences and commonalities. The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach، employing observation tools and a content analysis form to collect information and data. The sample was selected from a deliberate sample of doctoral theses in the departments of the College of Media at the University of Baghdad، which were approved in 2023: the Department of Public Relations، the Department of Radio and Television، and the Department of Journalism. The sample size was five theses for each department، totaling (15) theses. This was to determine the distinguishing dimensions of these studies from other media studies. The research reached a number of results and conclusions، the most prominent of which is that the basic distinguishing dimension of public relations studies lies in their focus on qualitative and interactive aspects through the increased use of tools such as observation and interviews. This makes it more open to analyzing human behavior and social interactions compared to journalism، radio، and television studies، which tend toward quantitative analysis using tools such as content analysis forms and questionnaires.

This research explores the role of public relations in combating corruption within governmental institutions. A field survey methodology was employed، using a questionnaire distributed to a purposive sample of 232 employees from the Public Relations and Media Department at the Iraqi Ministry of Interior. The study found that communication and media strategies are essential in anti-corruption efforts، supporting transparency through the dissemination of laws، regulations، and reporting mechanisms via official websites and digital platforms. One major challenge is limited access to information، which hinders the ability to provide public recommendations or statements. The study concludes that transitioning to open government represents a vital strategy for future anti-corruption initiatives.

This study aims to analyze the methods of governmental public relations in raising awareness about the dangers of violent extremism، through a survey of the messages published by the Ministry of Interior on its official Facebook page. The research adopts the content analysis method to identify the dominant communication patterns and key themes of the awareness messages. It also seeks to measure the nature of audience interaction with these messages and assess their effectiveness in promoting public and security awareness.
The findings reveal that the Ministry employs a variety of communication approaches، combining informational and persuasive styles، with increasing reliance on visual elements such as images and videos to enhance impact and reach. The study also indicates that messages featuring participatory discourse or cautionary content tend to generate higher levels of audience engagement.
The research concludes that the Ministry’s digital communication strategies need further development to broaden the target audience، increase awareness of violent extremism risks، and strengthen community involvement in prevention efforts. This study underscores the strategic role of governmental public relations in managing security communication and recommends adopting a more interactive and sustainable communication model on social media platforms.

The research seeks to shed light on the knowledge and attitudes formed by television educational programs among the study population (students of the sixth scientific preparatory school in Baghdad) towards the school curricula. The researcher chose a deliberate sample of them consisting of 100 respondents، and data was extracted from them through the survey method after developing a questionnaire that included Four axes (personal data، viewing habits، acquired knowledge، and attitudes formed among the respondents) with the help of experts، and the most prominent findings of the research:
1- Educational programs do not provide students with sufficient knowledge regarding their curricula in all subjects.
2- Educational programs contribute to the formation of cognitive، emotional and behavioral attitudes in varying proportions towards these curricula.

The problem of the study revolves around answering the following key questions:
. 1 What is the nature of news coverage on the websites of international satellite channels?
. 2 What are the news topics covered by France 24 and DW?
. 3 What journalistic styles are employed by the two channels under study?
. 4 What types of coverage are used by the two channels under study?
The research aims، within the framework of available methodologies، techniques، and tools، to achieve several specific scientific objectives related to the topic، including:
. 1 Identifying the nature of news coverage on the websites of international satellite channels.
. 2 Understanding the news topics addressed by France 24 and DW.
. 3 Investigating the journalistic styles employed by the two channels under study.
. 4 Revealing the types of coverage used by the two channels under study.
To achieve these objectives، the researcher employed the analytical survey method and content analysis. This approach deals exclusively with the apparent content units without delving into the latent meanings of these units or their relationships.

The study aims to understand (How investigative journalism reports by ARIJ Network addressed issues of societal violence?)، The research falls under descriptive studies، and the researcher adopted the media survey methodology.
Instead of sampling، the researcher conducted a comprehensive census of all investigative journalism reports focusing on societal violence published on the ARIJ Network website within the study`s timeframe (16/12/2006-31/12/2023)، the researcher identified (126) investigative reports addressing these issues.
The research tool employed was a (content analysis from )، the findings revealed that the ARIJ Network`s investigative reports primarily focused on psychological violence among the types of societal violence، in terms of causal frameworks، the journalistic treatment in ARIJ`s investigative reports prioritized (the failure to enforce laws and security breakdowns) due to the challenging political and security conditions in most Arab countries، as well as the failure of most institutions to address or combat societal violence، regarding proposed solutions، the journalistic treatment emphasized (enacting new laws and applying human rights standards) as the most critical frameworks، considering them the optimal approach to reducing societal violations and regulating individual behavior in communities، finally، the journalistic treatment in ARIJ`s investigative reports identified (victims and their families) as the most significant (active stakeholders).

The diversity of media orientations and the conflict of interests have intensified the phenomenon of \\"news colorization” which has significantly impacted public trust in news sources. Some media outlets employ influence tactics، such as exaggerating issues or manipulating facts، raising concerns about public awareness of media bias and the importance of news verification. This study utilized an online questionnaire to explore public opinion. The findings revealed a crisis of confidence in the neutrality of news، alongside a growing awareness of the need to diversify sources. While media pluralism may contribute to rebuilding trust، the public remains highly sensitive to any attempts at information manipulation. Therefore، media institutions must commit to transparency to restore their credibility.

Abstract:
This research seeks to identify the social and behavioral dimensions in women\\\\\\\\'s programs and their reflection in the upbringing of the Iraqi family. 15)) A question، to study four special programs for women، which are: Your awareness، Shahrazad spoke، You، Girls\\\\\\\\' poetry، in three main channels، where: the Iraqi public channel، the Euphrates satellite channel، and the Iraqi news channel. The researcher benefited from the theory of social responsibility، and the theory of cultural implantation. The research aimed to know the habits and patterns of exposure of Iraqi families to the issues dealt with in programs for women and the degree of dependence of the family on programs for women، to identify the topics broadcast by programs for Iraqi women in Iraqi satellite channels، monitor The motives of Iraqi families\\\\\\\\' exposure to women\\\\\\\\'s programs، revealing the effects of women\\\\\\\\'s programs on raising the Iraqi family، knowing the Iraqi families\\\\\\\\' evaluation of women\\\\\\\\'s programs related to raising the Iraqi family، accessing the pros and cons of women\\\\\\\\'s programs on raising the Iraqi family The Iraqi family، knowledge of the cognitive، emotional and behavioral effects resulting from the dependence of Iraqi families on special programs for women.
The results of the field study concluded that: (75%) of the presenters of programs specialized in women in satellite channels belong to the female category، that the topics that concern the cultural field of the family; The most important and prominent topics discussed by the programs for women in the Iraqi satellite channels، there are five basic positives for the programs for women in the Iraqi satellite channels: First: the variable of providing solutions to some problems (81.3%)، second: introducing parents to ideal parenting methods (62.5%)، third: defining the virtues of respect and appreciating the other (50%)، fourth: raising levels of human development within the family by (43.8%)، fifth: introducing With regard to dealing with children at a rate of (25%) of the total sample، there are five main disadvantages of the programs for women in Iraqi satellite channels: First: exaggeration in mentioning women’s rights by (68.8%)، second: the absence of the role of social role models by (43.8%)، third:: Talking about suspicious relationships through justifications with a rate of (37.5%). Fourth: Justifying deviation by poverty and the economic situation of the family by(25%) Fifth: underestimating the status and role of the head of the family at a rate of (6.3%) of the total sample. Citations of realistic events dominate the forefront of rational appeals.
As for the results of the field study، it concluded: The results show that the majority of the sample respondents are willing to watch women\\\\\\\\'s programs on Iraqi TV channels، that Al-Iraqiya channel; The most prominent television channels that the respondents accept to watch women\\\\\\\\'s programmes، are the family and social awareness programmes; The most important types of women\\\\\\\\'s programs that the respondents watch on Iraqi TV channels are that women\\\\\\\\'s programs have contributed to raising their level of awareness of related topics، and this awareness has been reflected positively on increasing the educational culture of the respondents. Women\\\\\\\\'s programs have a clear impact on the behavior of the respondents towards the educational issues and topics that pertain to the Iraqi family، the women\\\\\\\\'s programs have a clear impact on the feelings of the respondents towards the educational issues and topics that pertain to the Iraqi family، the women\\\\\\\\'s programs contributed to raising the level of their emotional awareness of the issues related to them، the most prominent manifestations of the emotional influences In: the feeling of psychological stability and internal security، the positive contribution to my family integration into society، more than half of the sample of the respondents confirmed that the women\\\\\\\\'s programs were able to discuss the educational problems of the Iraqi family. Realistic solutions to family problems. As a result، the researcher offered a set of recommendations، the most important of which are: the need to present women\\\\\\\\'s programs at specific times according to qualitative studies، to increase the number of follow-ups to these programs because of their importance and due to the lack of time related to women due to their preoccupations، the person in charge of women\\\\\\\\'s programs must not be absent or prejudice the role of the Lord The family and the exaggeration in talking about women\\\\\\\\'s rights، the need to keep the counseling character as a prevailing policy for these programs، and to reject deviant behaviors and correct educational methods and focus on rights and duties In all moderation، the head of the family must also follow this type of program، as it allows him to be enlightened with matters and issues that have been hidden from him by the concerns of life and the accumulation of responsibilities and works. Al-Iraqiya، looking at the positive side، raising awareness and hoping to overcome all the obstacles that may hinder the upbringing of the family.

The research aims to achieve several goals، which are to reveal the issues that the social marketing campaigns organized by the community police in the Iraqi Ministry of Interior focus on، and to identify the communication methods that are used in the social marketing campaigns، as well as to reveal the audience groups that are targeted by the social marketing campaigns organized by them. Community police، as well as identifying the slogans that community police used in their campaigns، and revealing the extent to which community police use new ideas in social marketing campaigns، The researcher adopted the survey method، relying on content analysis in form and content، to analyze the publications related to social marketing campaigns adopted by the community police affiliated with the Iraqi Ministry of Interior and published on the Facebook platform، considering that this platform is one of the platforms on which the community police rely in the media، and the comprehensive inventory method was used for the page’s publications. For a period of three months، the researcher reached several results، the most important of which is that the community police contributed to creating awareness among the public، through its social marketing campaigns، and that it deliberately chose many means and methods to reach the audience it is trying to target.

The research aims to identify the role of television programs in analyzing crime and social dissolution issues، and to know the extent to which television programs contribute to increasing public awareness about crime and social dissolution issues، and to know the extent to which television programs contribute to changing viewers' behaviors or enhancing their positive values about crime and social dissolution issues، and to know the extent of the cognitive impact of television programs related to combating crime and social dissolution on society. The researcher relied on the quantitative survey approach on a random sample of the Baghdad Governorate audience consisting of (431) individuals، both females and males. The researcher reached the following results: Television programs contribute significantly to increasing awareness about crime and social dissolution issues، by highlighting the causes، consequences، and social and psychological effects of these issues. Television programs enhance public discussions about social problems، which contributes to the exchange of ideas and increasing community interest in issues related to crime and social dissolution. The programs provide information about laws and procedures related to crime، which helps the public understand their rights and duties and how to deal with legal situations.

This research aims to study and analyze the effectiveness of public relations strategies in countering violent extremism، with a focus on the role of the National Security Advisory. The study explores how public relations strategies are used to communicate with the public and deliver messages that contribute to combating extremist ideologies، while promoting understanding and cooperation among different parties. It also aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the communication methods employed by the National Security Advisory in Iraq through its official website، and to assess the impact of these methods on the target audience.
The study analyzes the content of the advisory’s website as a sample، evaluating communication strategies such as media campaigns، crisis management، trust-building، and community engagement. The research also highlights the results of the analysis and the challenges associated with these strategies، offering recommendations to improve performance and strengthen the role of public relations in combating violent extremism.
The researcher designed a content analysis form consisting of several sections، including a formal analysis of the advisory’s website، focusing on the website’s structure and its visual and organizational elements. Additionally، the analysis examines the methods used by the National Committee for Combating Violent Extremism Leading to Terrorism.
The study concluded that the main strategy of the National Committee for Combating Violent Extremism is based on promoting a positive image of the committee through positive media coverage and focusing on human and social values، as observed in the practical results.

This research aims to understand the role played by Iraqi satellite channels in prioritizing economic issues among the Iraqi public. The Baghdad audience was chosen for the research because it represents the Iraqi public. This research is descriptive research in which the survey method was used، as it is the most appropriate method for obtaining information and arriving at results in this research through the use of a questionnaire The intentional sample was adopted in this research for the audience of the city of Baghdad who follow economic issues on Iraqi satellite channels. The field aspect of the research was conducted on a sample of (450) individuals from different areas of the city of Baghdad. The research problem was represented by the following main question: ((What role do Iraqi satellite channels play in arranging the priorities of economic issues for the Iraqi audience?)) The research reached a number of conclusions، including:
1. The research results showed that males are the most interested in following economic issues on Iraqi satellite channels، at a rate of (53%)، and females (47%). Individuals with an educational level (diploma - bachelor's) are the group most interested in and following economic issues on Iraqi satellite channels، at a rate of (59%).
2. The research results revealed that the satellite channels (Al Sharqiya، Al Iraqiya، and UTV) ranked first، respectively، among the satellite channels preferred by respondents for following economic issues.
3. The research results showed that (independent satellite channels) ranked first among respondents regarding the type of satellite channels through which they follow economic issues on Iraqi satellite channels.
4. The research results showed that the issue of unemployment was the issue of greatest interest to the respondents and it ranked first in the research، while the issue of investment ranked eighth and last in the research.

The study aims to delve into the media in general and television channels in particular and choose models of these channels due to their capacity at the level of satellites in global space. The Arabic language was highlighted، which is concerned with the Iraqi issue and the political changes that occurred in it in different eras. The study reached its importance. In this field concerned with politics as a multiple aspect in its topics، characters and dialogues that serve the presenters of these programs and as required by the interest of the television channel، in addition to the importance of the multiplicity of these channels in recent times، some of which are issued by the government officially and some of which represent external parties on the personal level in an attempt Among them is to be the people’s speaking voice، but this is not what it claims in its slogan، but rather it is characterized by a tinge of sectarian color that causes economic collapse، societal disintegration، and political conflict، but in a manner that does not appear clear and clear to viewers except from experiences and scrutiny by people who are well-versed in the current situation in the country، as they represent The few classes of society of all kinds and genders.

Selecting Qatar to host FIFA World Cup 2022 had generated considerable debate around the world. Qatar was criticized for different issues concerning migrant workers’ rights، alcohol prohibition، LGBT situation. On the eve of Qatar World Cup FIFA president Gianni Infantino delivered a speech to response to the criticisms that was directed to Qatar. In his speech he is defending the Football World Cup and FIFA as well. According to the importance of football and its huge impact on people. This study is conducted in order not to let the negative criticisms prevent the people from enjoying the world cup event or to affect our unity by concentrating on issues that are not related to football or sport but instead spark debate and divide the world. Therefore، this research aims to investigate the different types of speech acts in Gianni Infantino’s speech by following Searle’s Speech Act theory in relation to Aristotle’s strategies of persuasion (Ethos، Pathos، Logos). The analysis of data showed that، FIFA president used all the different types of speech acts (Assertive، Directive، Commissive، Expressive، and Declarative) along with the persuasion strategies and the percentage of using them were very close. This indicates that each type played a great role to serve the speaker’s intention in delivering his message and persuading the audience that despite all the desperate attempts to ruin this world cup، but Qatar was ready.

After modernity was established on its basic pillars and made the modern trinity (man, reason, science) a basic center, a new stage came, which is post-modernism, to destroy those fixed references, so that most of its theorists followed the ideas and proposals of the German philosopher (Friedrich Nietzsche), who destroyed all those constants, as he criticized man, language, reason, and values, and described them as idols that could be destroyed in his book (The Decline of Idols, or How to Philosophize with a Hammer) where, through the bond of salvation, the modern trinity is actually connected to the hammer of postmodernism. From here began calls to break the centrality of the members and to speak of its decentralization so that interpretation would reach it. This is what the most important postmodern theorists like (Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, and Jacques Derrida) want.
This shift was accompanied by a transition from structuralist approaches, which treat the text as a single whole, to deconstructive approaches—or post-structuralism—which focus on the finer details of the text because they are based on questioning and re-evaluating epistemological theory. This brought discourse analysis to media texts, after linguistics had been operating within the literary text. According to analysis theorists, discourse is not consistent with or inconsistent with the text, but rather is another text. Thus, the term discourse attempts to reach the meanings and values inherent within the text, as it does not only refer to any type of spoken or dialogue, but also includes the symbols and connotations that paint the image of the text.
This research includes the methodological and conceptual framework, which includes the problem, importance, objectives of the research, and other research tools. The theoretical framework includes a discussion of discourse and its vocabulary, as well as electronic media and social networking sites. The discussion then moves to the creation of public awareness, and then comes out with results and recommendations.

Modern technological developments have brought about a qualitative shift in all areas of cultural, social and intellectual life, and have opened new horizons for several concepts, perhaps the most prominent of which is the Internet, which has become widely spread in all cities and countries and has linked the various parts to become a single connected world, and has also become an important part of the lives of societies.

In today's globalized society، proficiency in English as a Second Language (ESL) is crucial for achieving success in academic، professional، and social environments• This study investigates how various teaching approaches influence the language acquisition and communication skills of ESL learners• Specifically، the research focuses on three popular methods in ESL education: Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)، Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT)، and the incorporation of technology in the classroom•
The method involves a thorough review of current literature to establish a theoretical basis، along with a practical evaluation using both qualitative and quantitative data• Qualitative research consists of interviews with EFL educators and students to explore their perspectives and experiences with different teaching approaches• Quantitative data is collected through pre- and post-tests to evaluate the impact of these methods on students' language proficiency•
Studies show that using Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has a positive effect on students' speaking and listening skills by focusing on real communication• Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) also improves language proficiency by integrating language use with practical tasks• Additionally، using educational technology like online platforms and interactive multimedia helps EFL learners to learn independently and participate actively•
The research indicates that educators and curriculum developers should take into account a comprehensive approach that includes these effective strategies to meet the varied learning needs in EFL environments• By promoting active participation، real-life language use، and the use of technology، educators can create dynamic learning spaces that support successful language learning and student engagement•
The research indicates that educators and curriculum developers should take into account a comprehensive approach that includes these effective strategies to meet the varied learning needs in EFL environments• By promoting active participation، real-life language use، and the use of technology، educators can create dynamic learning spaces that support successful language learning and student engagement•

The current research aims to identify the nature of Korean series that Iraqi youth are exposed to, and to reveal the extent of the impact of Korean television drama on some behaviors that influence the social values of Iraqi youth. The researchers used the survey method as an appropriate model for collecting data, analyzing, interpreting and determining the current status of a topic in a specific environment and time. The targeted sample of youth in Najaf Governorate was surveyed. The current research community represents the youth category whose ages range between (15-32) in the center of Najaf Governorate, males and females, and it was adopted according to statistics approved by the Najaf Statistics Directorate. The total number of youth in the age group (15-32) reached (382,269) males and females. Due to the difficulty of applying the research to all youth, the researchers chose a sample from the research community. As for the community sample: The researchers relied on the research problem and the nature of its community on the random sample (intentional), so the researcher divided the research community, which totaled (382,269) males and females. Divided into age groups (15_32). One of the most important conclusions reached by our researchers is that: There are reflections and effects of Korean drama on the attitudes and topics of young people, as imitation and simulation, i.e. imitating some movements and behaviors, as well as imitating brave characters, had a positive character among the young people in the study sample. There are reflections and effects of Korean drama on the attitudes, topics and cases of young people, as the topics of drug use, isolation, distancing from others, and practicing gambling were negative effects on the young people in the study sample. In addition, the reflection and effect were also on the impact on lifestyle, such as clothing, walking, and hairstyles, as well as the relationship style between young men and women and ways of dealing with parents and friends. As for the recommendations, the two researchers recommend that ethical values should be promoted in the use of technology, especially with regard to media content. It is important to conduct future studies to follow up on the long-term effects of watching Korean drama on future generations, especially since we are in an era of the widespread spread of electronic platforms to the point that they have come to replace satellite channels.