Journal of Al-qadisiya in arts and educational sciences

Ottoman documents are an important source for studying the general conditions in different historical periods and various places in the regions that were under Ottoman rule. The Ottoman state recorded all administrative, financial, social, cultural information, and other aspects of daily life during its rule. This study contains a lot of information about Basra in the nineteenth century, as mentioned in Ottoman documents. Especially what was mentioned in the Waqif records of the city of Basra in that century. Those documents contain many details about the Waqif in Basra and concerning the mosques and schools located in central Basra during the nineteenth century, some of which still exist to this day.

The current research aims to identify the extent of practicing university performance quality indicators by determining the extent of practicing these indicators in some variables from the point of view of faculty members. To achieve the research objective, the researcher used the descriptive approach and prepared a questionnaire consisting of (50) paragraphs that were distributed to ( ) faculty members in the departments of the College of Education, ....
To determine the availability of performance indicators, the data were statistically analyzed and the results showed the presence of ( ) paragraphs ..... Continuation.

This study aims to investigate the reality of external evaluation process in Baghdad’s schools and its role on improving schools’ performance from educational & specialist supervisors’ perspective. The researcher adopts descriptive analytical approach which fits the goals and the purpose of this study. The researcher used semi-structured interview as a main tool to collect the data. The sample of this study represented by (10) supervisors who received intensive training courses about the process of external evaluation from the British Council with collaboration of Ministry of Education, and who are still practicing their tasks as supervisors in the schools of both Karkh, & Rusafa directorates. The findings of this study revealed that external evaluation process is highly participated in diagnosing schools’ challenges and obstacles. Moreover, the results showed that there is an impact with moderate degree for external evaluation process on schools’ performance. Moreover, the outcomes revealed that there was a clear weakness in tackling with schools’ challenges according to the majority of schools supervisors’ point of view. Finally, the results revealed that the majority of supervisors are unsatisfied with the role of critical friend supervisor due to many cons which related to this role, most notably, the elimination of supervisor’s specialization.

[The Quranic Influence in the Fatimid Caliphate Documents Collection]
PH.D.Mohammed Sa'eed Tu'ma Al Zeheiri / General Directorate of Education, Karbala Governorate.
This research sheds light on the book (A Collection of Documents of the Fatimid Caliphate), which is a collection of documentary texts related to the caliphs of the Fatimid state, including various topics such as the crown prince, the ministry, the installation, and the dismissal. The caliphs of the Fatimid state included verses from the Holy Quran in them. The research will attempt to shed light on these Quranic texts and the purpose of using them in the official correspondence of the Fatimid caliphs. The research may consist of a simple introduction, a preface, two chapters, and a conclusion. The preface included defining the concept of intertextuality and the difference between it and quotation, and then defining the book (A Collection of Documents of the Fatimid Caliphate). The first chapter dealt with direct textual Quranic quotation, while the second chapter dealt with indirect allusive Quranic quotation. This chapter in turn was divided into two sections: clear allusive Quranic quotation and hidden allusive Quranic quotation. Then comes a brief conclusion with the most important results of the research.

Functional grammar classifies grammar structures to functional expressions where a language is expounded as an arrangement of meanings. The linguistic opinions can be identified into two spacious ideas known as formal and functional. Halliday’s theory of functional grammar is a functional one, and it is a comprehensive and linguistic one. Halliday is influenced by the Prague School of linguistics and its approaches on functionality, and he is also influenced by the Firthian expressions of functions. Functional grammar supplies a requisite foundation for the language system since the system reflects the functions that need to improve. In functional grammar, Halliday signifies one attempt to have the linguistic structure and an event by an indication to the idea that language performs a specific part in the human being’s life that is required to provide a specific universal set of demands. Halliday’s functional view of language is a view about meaning, not about words and constructions. The functional view is helpful to create some general factors relating to the usage of language, and this can be the most common explanation of the functional approach.

This research focuses on an important term in Arabic linguistic thought, which is based on preference or comparison between two or more linguistic measurements to determine the most preferable one—known as "Al-Aqyas" (the most appropriate or preferable measures). This term was frequently used in linguistic records, reflecting the scholars' mastery in analogy, comparison, reasoning, and selecting the most suitable linguistic rules in alignment with the grammatical principles they established to systematize and regulate the Arabic language.
The roots of this term date back to the early stages of grammatical authorship, as its usage can be traced to Abdullah ibn Ishaq Al-Hadrami, Abu Amr ibn Al-Ala, Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad, and Sibawayh.
This study aims to highlight the true meaning of the term "Al-Aqyas" through its usage by grammarians, presenting the key criteria for determining linguistic preference, the justifications for using it, and various linguistic foundations associated with this term.

Through the research, we are trying to shed light on the different grammatical aspects of examples of the Holy Qur’an in which the interpreted source came in its various grammatical positions according to the aspects it took, and to know that multiplicity by reviewing these Qur’anic verses to reach the reason for this multiplicity, and the difference is up to scholars in assessing and parsing the interpreted source according to The different readings and their impact on the Qur’anic context, to reach the compatible meaning from the interaction of the context with the primary grammatical and semantic functions, and this is what is called (the grammatical-semantic meaning) of the word within the text, and the significance of this multiplicity is that it indicates the miraculous nature of the Holy Qur’an and the influence of parsing on it. Because parsing is


an analytical tool for clarifying the grammatical and semantic functions of a word within its context.

The study aims to investigate the impact of the (P.E.C.S) and (7E's) strategies on developing scientific process skills and prospective memory among middle school students in physics. To achieve this objective, the researcher adopted a partially controlled equivalent groups design with pre- and post-tests. Three groups were selected: two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group was taught using the (P.E.C.S) strategy, the second experimental group was taught using the (7E's) strategy, while the control group was taught using the traditional method. The research sample consisted of (104) first-grade middle school students from Ibn Al-Nama Middle School, affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Babylon for the academic year (2024-2025). The students were distributed across three classes, with (34) students in the first experimental group, (35) in the second experimental group, and (35) in the control group. The groups were equated in terms of variables such as (chronological age, intelligence, prior physics knowledge, and scientific process skills(. As for the research instruments, the first tool was a scientific process skills test, which consisted of (26) multiple-choice items covering (13) basic and integrated scientific process skills, with two items for each skill. The validity and reliability of the test were verified. The second tool was a prospective memory scale, comprising (21) multiple-choice items distributed across three types of prospective memory: event-based, time-based, and activity-based, with (7) items for each type. The validity and reliability of the scale were also verified. After implementing the experiment, the researcher administered the test and scale to the main research sample. The data were then statistically analyzed using the (SPSS) program. The results indicated that both experimental groups outperformed the control group in both the scientific process skills test and the prospective memory scale. In light of these findings, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The research “Military Coups in Iraq: An Analytical Study for the Period 1958-1979” deals with the impact of military coups on the establishment and development of modern Iraq, and an analysis of the impact of national movements in this context. The research aims to understand the historical and political pattern that ruled Iraq during this turbulent period and determine the factors that led to the occurrence of multiple military coups.
The research follows a descriptive and analytical approach, as the researcher uses a variety of historical and political sources to document and analyze events. The study sheds light on Iraq’s political and social development since its independence from the British occupation until 1979, and highlights the role that military coup played in shaping this development. The research includes the importance of military coups in changing the political system and internal and foreign policies of Iraq. It analyzes the internal factors that led to coups, such as political, social and economic conflicts, and examines their effects on the political stability and economic development of the country. It also discusses the external factors that influenced the military coups in Iraq, including foreign interventions and regional and international policies.
It was concluded that the military coups had a significant impact on the formation of the political system in Iraq and determining its foreign policy. It also indicates that the national movements played an important role in influencing the coups and shaping the course of modern Iraq.

The human mentality has been entrenched throughout the ages by kinds of illusions, myths and corrupt traditions that have distanced the personality from its basic essence and its inherent mineral, because the general human being are people who distort reality to varying degrees and have firm beliefs, and these events or perceptions may produce us several diseases, including the illusion of superiority, in which a person suffers from a complex of transcendence, arrogance resulting from personal admiration, and "Adler" considered it a deceptive belief because the individual sees himself better and better than others according to subjective non-objective criterion.
The current research aims to find the relationship between self-awareness and imaginary superiority among a sample of educators with higher degrees in Babylon on the donning clock scale as follows:
Research objectives: the current research aims to identify and measure
- The level of self-awareness of a sample of teachers with higher diplomas
- Measuring the level of imaginary excellence among a sample of teachers with higher degrees.
- The relationship between self-awareness and illusions of mental superiority
- Differences in the level of self-awareness among a sample of teachers with higher diplomas according to the gender variant(male, female).
- Differences in the level of imaginary superiority among a sample of educators with higher degrees according to the gender variable ( male, female).
Method: the approach used in this study is the descriptive-associative-comparative approach.
The sample of the current study consisted of(30) educators holding higher degrees in the education of Babylon and from various scientific and humanitarian specialties, in the fact of (19) male and(11) female.
The statistical means used are the T-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient.
Study results
With regard to measuring the level of personal awareness among a sample of educators with higher degrees, it was found that the sample has a higher than average personal awareness.
As for measuring the level of imaginary excellence among a sample of educators with higher degrees, although they have obtained higher scientific degrees, they still need more science and knowledge.
As for the correlation between personal awareness and imaginary superiority in a sample of educators with higher degrees (Master, PhD), it was found that there is an inverse relationship between the amount of knowledge possessed by an individual and his self-awareness.
To reveal the significant differences according to the type variable (Male /Female), it was found that there are no significant differences in the level of personal awareness among the sample of educators with higher degrees (Master, PhD) according to the type variable (male, female.
To find the differences in the imaginary superiority according to the type variable ( male - female), that there are no statistically significant differences on the scale of imaginary superiority among the sample of educators with higher degrees (Master, PhD) according to the type variable (male, female).

The research aims to measure oral health awareness among preparatory school students, and the researchers adopted the descriptive survey method, and the research community included all preparatory school students (fourth, fifth and sixth) in the scientific and literary branches in government preparatory and secondary schools for morning study in the centre of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate for the academic year (2024-2025), The primary research sample consisted of (412) male and female students distributed in the third stages and the scientific and literary branches were selected by a simple random method, and the researchers prepared an instrument to achieve the research objectives, which is the oral health awareness scale, which consisted in its final form of (45) items, which were distributed on dimensions (cognitive, skill, emotional) in Likert format with a three-tiered gradient (applies to me / neutral (unsure) / not applicable to me), The apparent and construct validity of the scale was verified, and the discriminant power values of the scale items were calculated, and among the most important results obtained is the poor awareness of oral and dental health among middle school students; and there are no differences according to the gender variable and the grade variable, and the results showed that there are differences according to the variable of academic specialisation (scientific, literary) and in favour of the scientific specialisation,

The research aims to identify the effect of the strategy (5555) on the achievement of fourth-grade students in biology, as the research sample included two groups, one of them was the experimental group

and the number of its students was (25) students, and the other was the control group and the number of students was (25) students, the researchers chose Al-Zaytoun Preparatory School for Boys affiliated to the General Directorate of Education in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate / the Center was purpose assigned to the research community. Research variables, and before starting the application of the experiment, the researchers rewarded the two research groups to obtain accurate results with the following variables: (the chronological age of the students calculated in months, the academic achievement of the fathers, the academic achievement of the mothers, the previous biological information test, the Daniels test of intelligence). When making parity between the two research groups, the researchers prepared the research requirements of plans, objectives and tests for the two research groups, and upon completion of the application of the experiment, the researchers applied their research tool to the two research groups, and after analyzing the results statistically, the researchers obtained data for the two research groups, and these data were processed statistically by A t-test for two independent samples, and the results showed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group according to the strategy (5555) in academic achievement

This study explores the sociology of tolerance and extremism within the framework of modern Iraqi social thought, through a critical and analytical examination of the ideas of two prominent intellectuals: Dr. Ali Al-Wardi and Dr. Hatim Al-Kaabi. The research aims to understand how these thinkers conceptualized tolerance and extremism, and how their insights reflect broader structural tensions within Iraqi society.
Using a comparative analytical method, the study highlights Al-Wardi's emphasis on the cultural duality of the Iraqi personality, shaped by the clash between nomadic and urban values, and his call for a cultural revolution based on realism and critical thinking. In contrast, Al-Kaabi approached extremism through structural and developmental lenses, focusing on the impacts of social inequality, rapid transformation, and weak institutions on the emergence of extremist behavior.

The news of the Al-Ghadeer incident is from the news that was documented by the first historical fictional poet of Islam, Hassan bin Thabit, and through researching the poem's poetic language of words and structures, as well as its artistic structure, artistic image, and poetic rhythm. It seemed to be a clear match between her and her purpose, and her simplicity was consistent with the events of her news, and although it clearly indicates the style of her poet, she was not documented in his book despite its historical importance.