AL-MA’HAD

Political parties are effective and influential elements in contemporary political systems, through Its political participation, whether in government or opposition, according to the provisions of the Constitution and internal regulations. The Statute of the political party is interested in the regulation of its financial affairs, administrative and general framework for Its political activity, cases that stopped the political activities of the party for political reasons, especially which designed to achieve the interests of the party itself, or may be imposed by the competent authorities as punishment for violating the law. and dissolution of Political Parties, which may be based on a decision taken by the party, or imposed a punishment of political parties, administrative or competent judicial, and in both cases end the political activity of the party.
Accordingly the research division into two sections, the first section dealt with the definition of political party and idiomatically, while the second section dealt with the implications of the Statute of the political party, including stop his activities or dissolution.

When establishing projects to achieve the public benefit, some real estate changes positively through an improvement in their value or negatively through damage to them, although real estate owners did not violate the law, the legislator obligated them to pay for the improvement of their properties, whether the improvement included the remainder of the real estate after the acquisition, or real estate that was not acquired. The legislator also obligated the public entity to compensate the owner for the damages that occur as a result of working on public benefit projects. The legislator has set a period of one year, after which the right to claim this compensation will lapse. Through the research, we reached a set of results, the most important of which is that the legal basis for obliging the owner to pay for improvement is the rule of (loss versus benefit), and the source of the obligation is the law. As for the legal nature of obliging the owners of real estate that improved, whether that part of them was acquired or that improved without acquisition, as a royalty not as a fee as the legislator called it. We presented a set of proposals and recommendations for the Iraqi legislator, which was to amend articles (41, 38, 37) related to paying for the improvement, and article (52) related to the duration of the lapse, which we proposed to start from the date of completion of the project.

The research deals with the concept of public diplomacy in its varied and contradictory approaches, different approaches to understanding its implications, and contemporary trends in its development. The question that can be asked is, can modern public diplomacy achieve success in managing reputation and improving the image of the United States of America in Iraq and the Middle East countries by using communication strategy, after traditional diplomacy and advertising-based style have failed to positively affect Iraq and the regional environment.
In applications of American Public diplomacy, American diplomatic missions in the countries of the region have used various means in seeking to achieve societal impact. The research reached various results, including what indicated the achievement of successes, such as the case with the "Fulbright" program, opportunities to obtain primary and higher university scholarships, invitations to attend workshops and conferences, and participate in scientific forums, While it failed to achieve the desired effect in securing communications with the peoples of the region through American media channels, as happened in the performance of satellite channels (Al Hurra, Al Hurra Iraq,and Radio Sawa) in its experience in addition to its failure to win popular support for the positions and goals of American foreign policy towards the issue of the Arab-Zionist conflict, and to implement its vision of spreading democracy in Iraq and other regional states that produced a status of chaos and political instability.

Human security is considered one of the priorities of modern strategic planning for developed countries that consider – Human- as a major and influential goal in the traditional security ranges and concepts. Perhaps the emergence of terms such as participatory security, personnel security and cyber security in light of waves of terrorism and technological and electronic booms pushed many (countries, entities, institutions, companies, groups) And others to re-drawing, planning and defining its priorities and drawing its future strategies and its main pillar, "The Human".
Iraq is one of the countries that, not long ago, sought to redesign, draw, mature, and even update its comprehensive national security strategy in line with the challenges it faces on the political, security, economic, environmental, health, social and technological levels, despite structural difficulties, lack of trained resources, and the great lack of technical capabilities and external reliability in addressing threats of Continuous terrorism, and the like, Organized crime gangs and mafias of corruption that have left a negative impact greatly on the Iraqi individual - human -, which requires focusing on the priority of ensuring human security as the one leading to ensuring the sustainability of the resources and institutions of the Iraqi state.

The Islamic mind did not haunt an issue as the case of the Islamic state did، but rather، the controversy over it raised the reality and stirred the thought and launched understanding according to multiple dimensions. Perhaps I was like an orbiting subject of controversy for many centuries that may be from the launch of the Islamic call until it became a title for "every difference and symbol" for each diversity And on that، the compliance with this controversy did not end to reflect disparities "exceeding the boundaries of time and space، and if the dimensions of the subject may have been confused after the Libyan reality، it imposed legitimacy on everything that was proposed and if the dimensions of the subject had exceeded the limits of legitimacy and attachment to Sharia until it seemed closer to formalism From it to the truth .

The conditions associated with the marriage contract that are required by one of the spouses, or both, in the marriage contract serve to stabilize the marital relationship between them and then the family settles, so it is obligatory to fulfill the condition associated with the condition of the condition. In the case of breaching the conditions attached gives the right to the stipulator to request the annulment of the contract or the separation of the spouses, and accordingly, the annulment of the contract that the Iraqi legislator made an effect for the wife in not fulfilling the condition stipulated by the husband, and relying on some jurists Islamic law in the rule of breach.

Since the last quarter of the twentieth century, Violent Non- State Actors (VNSAs) is observed, raised and developed with regard to their political, social and military capacities. Therefore, VNSAs have achieved a significant growth in the percentage of successes at expense of the ruling authorities. This is considered a big change in political history patterns since the VNSAs contradict with the state's monopoly of violence.
So, this study deals with the interaction between state failure and the violent non-state actors in two main parts: first part illuminate the concept of the failed state and the reasons and consequences of the state failure. The second part evaluates the concept of VNSAs and their orientation in failed state.

Leadership is the primary axis that limits the nature of the state’s role in the international system, and leadership is responsible for employing the state’s capabilities and resources. The leadership’s personality may add weight to the state’s stature on the external level, or the effectiveness of the state’s performance may decline due to the vision and behavior of the state’s leadership. The concept of strategic leadership is also related to the state's position in the structural structure of the international system, in terms of the distribution of power centers in the world, because one of the most important tasks of strategic leadership is to practice strategic thinking (creating innovation) and strategic planning (organizing innovation). The strategic leadership is what makes the strategic vision of the state (where are we ?, and where do we want to reach ?, and how do we reach?). Strategic leadership is what creates the state’s standing in the international system.

In this study shows that the scientific association has the legal personality as a legal entity by the rule of law, and thus it share with other type of associations with this degree of legal description. At the same time, appears to have a specificity that distinguishes it from those associations, so it brings to it an independent concept with it, and the legislator sometimes gives their special provisions.
The study aims to demonstrate this privacy in the concept and to diagnose that singularity in the provisions. In the first section highlights the concept and special provisions, the second section focuses on the provisions of management, financing and expiration provisions.

Also، public opinion must have a good and large space in order to play its role in identifying and diagnosing the events that take place within the state and be the main engine to ensure constitutional legitimacy، meaning that it has a specific role in the extent to which the three authorities in the state، namely the legislative authority، the executive authority and the judicial authority، implement the articles. That pertains to it and which is included in the constitution so that it does not violate the rights and freedoms of individuals.
Public opinion is one of the important issues at the present time، which has a major role in achieving the basic and real guarantee of the legitimacy of the actions of the political authority within the state in general and the political participation of individuals in particular، given that they represent public opinion within society or other topics that are discussed in communication and socialization. Political and public opinion in general، as well as the literature related to the system of government. Interest in public opinion has increased in contemporary studies as a result of the information revolution and communication technologies that provide opportunities for public opinion in contemporary political life، especially its relationship to the legitimacy of power.