Journal of Alsalam University

Research Summary
This research aims to study the anecdotes of Imam al-Shafi\'i (d. 204 AH) in the book \"Nawadir al-Fuqaha\" (Anecdotes of Jurists) by Imam al-Jawhari (d. 350 AH)، and compare them with other schools of thought. It also aims to determine whether there are any jurists who agree with him on this view، or whether he is the only one who has adopted this view.
We took the issues related to the prescribed punishments, crimes, and blood money from the book \"Nawader Al-Fuqaha\" and studied them in a comparative jurisprudential manner with other schools of thought. These are: the ruling on a slave who steals from his master\'s wife; the ruling on compensation for a wound inflicted by a female relative; and the ruling on whether a wall collapses and destroys something and its owner is liable. Success comes from Allah..

Research Summary
The science of the principles of jurisprudence is considered one of the most noble and prestigious sciences after the Book of God Almighty and the Sunnah of His Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace. Consensus is considered the third source of legislation by the majority of scholars, due to the importance of this source to them. To understand the Imam's consensus from his book (Ikhtilaf al-Fuqaha), I wrote this research. Its outline is in an introduction in which I explained the importance of the topic and the research plan. The introduction covers the life of Imam al-Tabari, introduces his book, and includes two sections. It also includes three chapters: the first is devoted to defining consensus and its authority, the second to its categories and conditions, and the third to studying practical examples of consensus. Finally, the paper concludes with a concise summary of the most important findings and recommendations. Finally, the paper includes the sources and references that enriched the research.

ABSTRUCT
Although the historical material about transvestites in the era of the Prophet is brief and we found no mention of them except for a few fragments in historical sources and references، in addition to the narrations in the books of the Sahih and Sunnah. The Arabs have known transvestism since ancient times and it was not a widespread custom among them، and it was condemned by them and those who did it because it is contrary to nature، God Almighty mentioned it in the Holy Quran and condemned its perpetrators from Lot's people، promising them severe punishment، and describing their work as obscene.
However، the Holy Quran did not set a limit for those who practiced this obscenity، but only condemned it، which made the jurists differ among themselves in the limit of the perpetrator of this obscenity، and the Islamic schools also differed in their opinions about transvestites، some of them said in banishment; that is، taking them outside the cities، and others said otherwise، and some of them said stoning and killing and other legal matters that we will address some of them as the research is historical and not doctrinal.

Summary
The research before us، entitled "A Brief Study of the Ruling on the Sale of the 'Iddah and the Trust،" is one of the works of Sheikh Ibrahim ibn Husayn ibn Ahmad، known as (Piri Zadeh al-Hanafi)، the Hanafi Mufti of the Holy Land of Mecca - may God Almighty increase its honor and veneration - who died (may God Almighty have mercy on him) in the year 1099 AH. This treatise addresses the sale known as the sale of loyalty، the 'Iddah and the Trust، and the sale of people، because the item sold is considered a trust in the hands of the buyer. It explains its ruling based on the fatwas of the Hanafi scholars of the past، and selects opinions in accordance with current jurisprudence. The research comprises two parts: the academic part، which covers the author's life، and the second part، which covers the verified text.

Research Summary
The research addressed the main question in this topic: whether or not abrogation occurs in the Holy Quran. There are two groups of scholars and commentators: those who affirm and those who deny. Those who affirm affirm the occurrence of abrogation in the Holy Quran، while those who deny it deny it and emphasize that the Holy Quran is the word of God، which cannot be abrogated.
Those who affirm their assertions base their claims on certain Qur'anic verses that indicate the occurrence of abrogation، such as the Almighty's statement: "We do not abrogate a verse or cause it to be forgotten except that We bring forth [one] better than it or similar to it" (Al-Baqarah: 106). They also rely on certain Prophetic hadiths that indicate the occurrence of abrogation.
On the other hand، deniers believe that the Holy Quran is the infallible word of God. They base their assertions on certain Quranic verses that indicate that the Holy Quran is a complete and perfect book، such as the Almighty's statement: "This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion" (Al-Ma'idah: 3).

Abstract
The aim of the research is to confirm that embracing Islam by non-Muslims is by the individual’s choice and conviction without force or coercion. The research included explaining the meaning of freedom in which man believes and which Allah Almighty has explained in his Holy Book, knowing the evidence of freedom from the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, and identifying those who they are non-Muslims , as well as defining the term moderation in Islamic thought, and emphasizing the role of Islamic thought in strengthening the principle of freedom in addressing the minds of non-Muslims, and the implications of the importance of the freedom of embracing Islam in promoting the approach of moderation in Islamic thought, and “the problem and importance of the study was represented by: answering the questions The following questions: What is freedom? What is embracing Islam? What are the types of non-Muslims? What is moderation? What is Islamic thought? As for the importance of the study, it is represented by answering these questions that have been discussed a lot, and from here the importance of this nodal study becomes clear. I concluded my research with the most important results that enhance the path of scientific research, and the possibility of benefiting from the results of the research in guidance, guidance, advocacy, and reform. In my research, I adopted the analytical method and the descriptive method, as I defined the terms related to the research as well as the terms related to the topic, according to the language and according to the nodal term, and attributed the rulings contained in these texts to the book. And the Sunnah.

Abstract
" This research aims to vindicate grammarians against accusations of favoring poetic evidence over Quranic and Prophetic Hadith citations in linguistic argumentation. Titled 'Vindicating Grammarians: Their Methodology and Rationale for Reduced Quranic and Hadith Citations,' it comprises three sections.
Section one examines grammarians' preference for poetic evidence, highlighting numerical data. Sections two and three explore reasons behind their methodology, including internal and external factors.
The study concludes that grammarians relied on Arabic language evidence rather than solely Quranic language, a significant distinction. Their approach naturally emphasized Arabic speech and poetry, aligning with established tradition, serving the Quran, and preventing misinterpretation."

Abstract
The research demonstrated that there is disagreement among scholars regarding the use of the term "extremism." Some prohibit its use, while the majority considers it permissible, which is correct.
The research addressed the fact that all religious laws and regulations prohibit extremism. Although opinions differ on this topic, some prohibit it if directed at extremists, but consider it a right and describe it with other descriptions.
The importance of the research lies in the fact that negative political factors are an important factor in creating a strong incentive for extremism, whether it is the original motive or a response to existing extremism.
The research concluded that scientific shortcomings and ignorance contribute to the development of extremism and encourage extremists to find an intellectual background that they see as justifying their actions. The inadequacy or deterioration of the media creates a favorable environment for extremism and the spread of its manifestations.

Abstract
Iraq's strategic position in terms of geopolitical and security importance is of interest to international powers that are searching for an active role in the international system. The economic resources and investments that can be achieved by the economic partnership with Iraq make all international powers look for roles in Iraq in exchange for Iraq's search for greater opportunities to achieve Greater benefits and utilizing this importance in the state building process.
According to what was pursued by the government of Mr. Mohammad Shiaa Al-Sudani, the implications of searching for international economic powers that possess qualifications in terms of quality and achievement have become a priority in the government program and the political and service performance of government institutions, as the search has become for companies with an international reputation in infrastructure and renewable energy, which is considered a Kingdom. Spain is one of the most important countries in this field.
Spain and its subsidiaries represent one of the most important economic institutions. In addition to the aspects of popular diplomacy occupied by sports, tourism and education, the qualifications of these companies and the Spanish political orientation make Spain a vital and important place in the Iraqi strategic perception, the implications of which were investigated in the course of this research and in which the results were reached.
The Iraqi strategic perception is affected by the nature of the institutional composition of the Iraqi political system and political interaction by virtue of the political pluralism that makes up the political system. The nature of the economic and security components of Iraq plays an important role in the perception of it by regional and international powers, and it affects the nature of the Iraqi strategic perception by virtue of the circumstances witnessed by the regional environment.
Although constitutional and political principles obligate Iraq not to interfere in the affairs of neighboring countries and to follow a policy of dissociation, the nature of regional and international interactions often forces it to be part of the interaction area, which makes it influential and affected by it. Spain occupies an important position in the Iraqi strategic perception by virtue of its economic and political importance within the vicinity of the European Union and the international system, but this position is affected by the nature of the strategic circumstances witnessed in the region neighboring Iraq.

Summary of the research
The study required that the research be in the verse of the oath, in the words of Allah the Almighty: {And do not make Allah an object of your oaths to prevent you from being righteous and fearing Allah and making peace between people. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing} [Al-Baqarah: 224], for reasons including: -
First: Studying the topics of words and the meanings and implications they contain in the verses of rulings.
Second: Knowing the intended use of the oath and the meaning for which it was legislated.
Third: Clarifying the contexts in which the noble verse appeared.
Fourth: Knowing the jurisprudential issues resulting from its use.
Fifth: The effects resulting from proving and denying it and removing ambiguity from some of its meanings.
Sixth: Clarifying the moral and objective aspects related to the noble verse.

Abstract
jurisprudence of inheritance, which is the idea of stopping the distribution of the inheritance; that is, although the principle is that the estate is divided immediately among those who have a reason for inheritance, and its impediments are removed, with the fulfillment of its condition, there are circumstances that may call for stopping the disbursement of the share of the heirs, or some of them, immediately; Due to doubts about their entitlement to inheritance, their inheritance is temporarily suspended until the matter becomes clear and the doubt is removed. This research has unveiled this idea, defined it, and explained the difference between it and both withholding from inheritance and deprivation from it, and explained its conditions and the goals that are sought to be achieved from it. Then the research moved to explain the applications of stopping the distribution of inheritance in Islamic jurisprudence, and explained the four cases of stopping the division, which are: the case of (the missing), the issue of (the hermaphrodite), and the issue of (pregnancy), as well as stopping the distribution of inheritance due to doubt about the availability of the reasons for inheritance. We chose the issue of pregnancy and mentioned it in some detail. We divided the subject into two sections. In the first section, we explained the concept of stopping the division, and in the second section, we mentioned the differences of jurists on the issue of pregnancy.

Abstract
The research aims to reveal the role of social networking in stimulating the tendency of ostentatious consumption among the public, “a survey of social networking users in the city of Baghdad.” To achieve the objectives of the research and answer its questions, the researcher relied on the descriptive study, and accordingly he designed the research form to ensure understanding The research tool included the respondents’ patterns of use of social media networks and their use in the marketing aspect, as well as the motives and causes of ostentatious consumption and their attitudes towards consumerism and its impact. The research sample included (400) respondents from the population of the city of Baghdad, adopting a confidence level of (0.95). The study concluded that social media networks have contributed significantly to the spread of the phenomenon of ostentatious consumption, given the features of these networks in that they include all means of communication, images, sound, and other influences, and that the diversity of goods, the frequency of their display, and the multiplicity of distribution centers, as well as the desire to imitate the rich, brag, and distinguish themselves from others are among the most prominent. Reasons for ostentatious consumption among the public and that there are statistical differences in the answers of the respondents due to variables (gender and income level)

Abstrct
The goal of the research is to identify the Role of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in its support of the Palestinian cause during the era of King Fahd bin Abdualaziz which represented its support at all levels whether political financial or media and in conferences and meeting whether at the Arab regional or international levels the King s initiative was Fahd bin Abdulaziz peace prize in 1982 its impact on the Palestinian issue to achieve a just peace for the Palestinian issue and the Arab countries approval of it as well as its support for the Palestinian political representative represented by the Palestine liberation organization and its support in all fields throughout its struggle against the oppressive entity as well as its support for other liberation factions including the hamas movement there is no occasion or opportunity for the Palestinian cause without the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia being its greatest supporter whether continuous financial aid or the struggle against the occupier in the Stones and Al Aqsa lntifada and then the launch of the second initiative which was announced by crown prince Abdullah bin Abdulaziz to resolve the issue in order to achieve a just peace for the Palestinian cause and the right to self determination.

Abstract
This research includes a study of a message in the interpretation of the Almighty’s saying: “Indeed, those who love that immorality should be spread among those who have believed” by Imam Ibn al-Sayegh Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Hanafi, who died in the year (1066 AH). Indicating his personal and academic life, Then we will talk about the content of the message, which explains part of verse 19 of Surat An-Nur. And delve into its linguistic and doctrinal meanings. The research was divided into two parts. First section: Introduction to the author and his message. And the second section: Verification of the manuscript text.

Research summary
This research is concerned with monitoring and studying the manifestations of jurisprudential disagreement that occurred among the righteous predecessors, the Companions and followers, on a number of inheritance issues, explaining that these disagreements were not the result of personal whims or individual tendencies, but rather were the result of scientific ijtihad based on differences in understanding Sharia texts and extrapolating their connotations. The research seeks to establish the idea that jurisprudential disagreement, within the framework of Islamic law, is a healthy and natural phenomenon that reflects the flexibility and breadth of Islamic jurisprudence, and that it is not necessarily a manifestation of conflict or division, but rather an effective factor in the enrichment of jurisprudential thought and the multiplicity of jurisprudential visions. The research also stresses the need to establish the ethics of disagreement and respect for the dissenting opinion, and the obligation to refer to the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet when differences arise, while warning against manifestations of intolerance and intellectual closure that contradict the purposes of Shari'ah and the ethics of scientific dialogue.

Abstract
Arabic is distinguished by a phenomenon، namely the phenomenon of (articulation and deferral)، which has preoccupied scholars، both ancient and modern. Articulation and deferral determine the hierarchical order of structures، highlight the articulation of meaning، and differentiate between the intended meaning and the further meaning. I have chosen this phenomenon from Imam al-Zarkashi (d. 754 AH)، as he studies it in a Qur'anic corpus، combining rhetorical secrets with contextual meanings. The topic came: (Advancement and delay according to Al-Zarkashi (d. 745 AH) in Al-Burhan fi Ulum Al-Quran between structure and meaning)، and I collected those verses and presented his views on advancement and delay.

Abstract The sages of ancient Egypt played a vital role in political, social, and religious life. They were the educated class who possessed extensive knowledge in various fields such as ethics, law, literature, and religion. They had a significant impact on shaping collective consciousness and societal values. They played an educational and guiding role by teaching young people the principles of writing, arithmetic, and proper behavior. They also served as advisors to kings, offering advice on political and religious matters, in addition to instilling the concepts of justice, honesty, respect, and humility, which were the foundations of ancient Egyptian society. Their teachings also helped stabilize Egyptian society by instilling values and morals.

Abstract
Will Durant is one of the most prominent contemporary historians، yet his treatment of the Islamic conquests in India is marred by a number of historical inaccuracies، relying on unreliable sources and sometimes even unsupported illusions. These misconceptions have led him to draw far-fetched conclusions that lack fairness and accuracy، often presenting judgments and criticisms without evidence or proof. Hence، the idea of this research stems from the aim of an in-depth analytical study of the chapter Durant wrote in his book The Story of Civilization، particularly as it relates to the Islamic conquests of India. This study reveals that Durant was unfair in his approach and made clear errors that reveal his ignorance، similar to some Orientalists who have followed a path of prejudice and slander. Among the most prominent of these repeated claims is the assertion that Islam spread by the sword، a statement often repeated by many opponents of Islam، without scientific support. Therefore، it is necessary to address such allegations and respond to them with an objective، scientific response، while drawing on the opinions of some fair-minded Orientalists who have approached the subject with a spirit of neutrality and objectivity.

ABSTRACT
THE ARABIC GRAMMATICAL THEORY IS AN INTEGRATED PICTURE OF THE ARAB MUSLIM MENTALITY, WITH ITS CULTURAL, COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL FOCI. HENCE, WE RECOGNIZE IN THE FOUNDATIONS OF BUILDING THE GRAMMATICAL THEORY REAL INDICATORS OF ARAB LIFE IN ALL ITS FORMS, AND THIS CONFIRMS THAT THE ARAB GRAMMATICAL VIEW WAS BORN IN THE SOURCE OF PURE ARAB THOUGHT.
THE PHENOMENON OF THE “STORY” IS CLEAR EVIDENCE OF THOSE STANDARDS THAT WE MENTIONED EARLIER. THE STORY, IN ITS ORIGIN, CONTRADICTS THE GRAMMATICAL SYSTEM IN ITS RULES AND FOUNDATIONS. IT EMERGES FROM THE CRUCIBLE OF THE GRAMMATICAL SYSTEM, AND WHEN THE EARLY GRAMMARIANS STOPPED AT IT, THEY REALIZED THAT IT DEPICTS A FEATURE OF THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL LIFE OF THE ARAB IN HIS ENVIRONMENT.
I TOOK THIS PHENOMENON FROM A GRAMMATICAL FIGURE, AND ONE OF THE COMPILERS OF THE HOLY QUR’AN, NAMELY (AL-AKBARI 616 AH), BECAUSE AL-AKBARI COMBINES THE STRUCTURAL PHENOMENON OF GRAMMAR WITH THE SEMANTIC IMAGE OF THE ARABIC QUR’ANIC TEXT, SO LET US STOP AT THE FOUNDATIONS WITH WHICH HE DEALT WITH THIS PHENOMENON.

Abstract
Illegal immigration can be defined as the movement of an individual in order to reside in a particular country, an illegal citizen is one who resides illegally. One of the methods that may push an individual to enter a new country without being able to obtain a visa for a specific reason, or to enter countries that do not have treaties related to automatic exemption from the visa for entry, may push them to enter this country by crossing the borders in an illegal manner and without inspection. In addition, individuals who reside in a certain country are considered illegal citizens after being deprived of the right to asylum and the right to temporary protection that they were distinguished by. One of the reasons that require entering the country in an illegal manner is the need for individuals to improve their economic situation and way of life, and to get rid of poverty and unemployment.

Abstract
The research concept revolves around the work of the planner and the creation of urban cities. The planner draws on the ideas of ancient philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, and others, who established the foundations and many scientific standards and principles that govern the process of city design, its distinction, its forms, and the elements that must be present. With these changes, urban planning has entered a new phase in which sciences and disciplines intertwine, including geography, urban planning, sociology, economics, geographic information systems, and others. The design must include the architectural aspect, which outlines the city's morphology and land uses, and social planning, which explains human ecology. Planning is a form of collective action, while simultaneously preserving the identity and uniqueness of the place in accordance with people's values, beliefs, and social opinions. It proceeds according to a specific and organized timetable, utilizing material, human, and technological resources and capabilities to achieve the desired change, with the assistance of experts and technicians. This aims to create a sustainable, human-friendly environment that individuals can evaluate and assess, as well as the quality of services.

abstract
The Code of Criminal Procedure is one of the most important laws ensuring the conduct of criminal justice in the country. It regulates the procedural process of a criminal case from beginning to end. It is the framework that defines the powers of judicial authorities while also respecting the fundamental rights of the accused، such as fair trial guarantees، the presumption of innocence، and the right to defense. This law is of paramount importance in light of the growing global interest in human rights and the need for national legal systems to align with international standards.
Defects in criminal procedure refer to violations or errors that may occur in the legal procedures followed in criminal cases، which may affect the course of justice and the rights of the parties involved. These defects can vary and include various aspects of the procedure، such as investigation، trial، sentencing، and appeal.

Abstract

The law requires that a criminal judgment include specific elements." The judgment encompasses a summary of the facts presented in the indictment or public trial decision, a summary of the personal plaintiff's claims, the public prosecutor's claims, and the defendant's defense." It also includes the justifications for criminalizing or not criminalizing the act, the legal provision applicable to the offense in case of criminalization, the determination of the penalty, and the amount of personal compensation."
It is evident that a criminal judgment consists of three parts: the preamble, the reasons, and the dispositive (or what is known as the judgment paragraph)." These three parts complement each other, with the preamble serving as the introduction to the judgment, the reasons detailing the facts of the case and the requests and defenses of the prosecution and defense, or, in other words, justifying the judgment and stating the reasons upon which it is based." As for the dispositive, it is the specific decision made by the court regarding the criminal case, and this part is what gives legal authority to the thing decided upon, allowing for appeals in accordance with established appeal procedures."

Abstract
This study examines the impact of strategic analysis using the SWOT matrix on enhancing entrepreneurial performance. The results indicate that systematic use of SWOT improves performance by leveraging strengths and opportunities while addressing weaknesses and threats. The study recommends integrating SWOT into strategic planning and training leaders in its effective application.

Abstract
The Muslim Brotherhood has experienced an existential struggle with the ruling authority for more than eight decades، from their founding to their rise and eventual assumption of power in Egypt. Throughout this period، they employed various strategies and political tactics in accordance with the specific circumstances of each stage they went through،Hassan al-Banna and Sayyid Qutb are considered the most prominent figures in shaping the Brotherhood’s ideology، though there are some differences between their thoughts. The Arab Spring played a significant role in the rise of political Islam to power in several Arab countries، and among those who benefited from these events were the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. However، the political equation in Egypt differs from that of any other country. The uniqueness of its institutions، along with cultural، social، ideological، and class divisions، created obstacles for the Brotherhood and hindered the longevity of their rule، Additionally، their lack of experience in state governance—due to decades of political exclusion—coupled with their weak performance، contributed to their downfall. They remained within the mindset of the opposition even after assuming power. Meanwhile، powerful institutions and forces viewed the Brotherhood as a significant threat to their existence and interests. Furthermore، the movement suffered from internal confusion and divisions، The Brotherhood failed to capitalize on the strengths present in the political landscape، such as the support of a considerable segment of the public، the weakness of the security and military institutions، and the fragility of competing parties and movements. Had they successfully dismantled political deadlocks، forged genuine alliances، and avoided exposing vulnerabilities that their opponents could exploit، their fate might have been entirely different.

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the level of use of modern tools in scientific research among female students in the Geography Department at the College of Education for Girls. This study relied on a descriptive approach، where a sample of 25 students from the department was selected. To achieve the study's objectives، the researcher prepared a questionnaire specifically about modern tools in scientific research، which included 15 questions. After presenting the questionnaire to experts and modifying it، it was distributed to the students، and the results were collected and analyzed using (SPSS) program. The results showed that there is an average level of use of modern tools in scientific research among the students. However، there is a significant impact of using these tools on the quality of scientific research، and there should not be reliance solely on the university library to obtain information. The results also showed that there is a lack of knowledge about some modern tools، especially artificial intelligence tools، which can play a significant role in facilitating the process of scientific research.

Summary in English:
This research discusses the term “as one word” (“kalkalimah al-wāḥidah”), a grammatical expression used by scholars to describe constructions composed of more than one word but treated in syntax and meaning as a single word. The study is divided into three sections:
First Section: As One Word in Nouns The study examines compound nouns formed by blending or annexation, such as Subway and ʿAbd Allāh, as well as numerals and demonstrative pronouns. These are syntactically treated as unified structures whose elements are not separated in grammatical analysis.
Second Section: As One Word in Verbs This part analyzes verbs that are affected by syntactic agents or attached to pronouns, forming with them a unified verbal expression conveying a single meaning. Examples include the verb with its subject, verbs of praise and blame, verbs emphasized by the nun of emphasis, and expressions like am dame, all of which are grammatically treated as one unit.
Third Section: As One Word in Particles This section addresses particles composed of multiple elements, such as the indicative prefixes in present tense verbs, the feminine suffix -tāʾ, the nisba suffix -iyy, and the alif in ḍaraba. These elements are considered in grammar as equivalent to a single word due to their cohesion in syntactic function.

Abstract:
The phenomenon of corruption has existed in ancient times in all societies and has been known to mankind since ancient times and it has existed throughout history and has been one of the main reasons for the collapse of many systems and civilizations, ancient and modern, and the problem of corruption is the engine of many revolutions and protests in most societies, and corruption of various kinds has increased in recent years, despite the many attempts by those in power in most countries to eliminate administrative and financial corruption, so strategic plans and sincere intentions must be developed to eliminate the scourge of corruption in societies, and not resonant slogans that do not work because administrative and financial corruption would undermine The process of economic growth in the country
The first dealt with the theoretical framework of the concept of administrative and financial corruption, the second dealt with the reality of corruption in Iraq and its indicators, while the third dealt with the causes leading to the growing problem of corruption and ways to address it and reduce its spread, and then conclusions and recommendations.

Abstract
This research deals with the study and analysis of the fundamentalist choices adopted by Ibn al-Hajib in his book Muntaha al-Wusul wa al-Amal regarding the issues of the Sunnah, as this book is considered one of the most important books of the principles of jurisprudence in summary, which has received the attention of scholars in explanation and commentary.
The research focuses on explaining the approach followed by Ibn al-Hajib in his fundamentalist choices related to the Sunnah, and the impact of these choices on Islamic jurisprudence. It also aims to highlight his position among the fundamentalists by comparing his opinions with the opinions of other scholars.
The research relied on the inductive approach by tracing Ibn al-Hajib's statements on the issues of the Sunnah in his book Muntaha al-Wusul wa al-Amal, then the analytical approach to discuss his opinions, and finally the comparative approach to show the extent of agreement or disagreement of his choices with other fundamentalists.

Summary
The book Ahkam Al-Quran by Ibn Faras is one of the important books in interpreting the jurisprudential rulings derived from the Holy Quran, in which the author presents jurisprudential issues, shows the differences between scholars, and then prefers some sayings according to his own efforts. This research aims to study and analyze examples of Ibn Faras' preferences in Surat Al-Anfal, and to explain his approach to preference and the extent of its influence on Islamic jurisprudence.
The research addresses the problem of how Ibn Faras dealt with the jurisprudential texts in Surat Al-Anfal, the criteria he relied on in his jurisprudential preferences, and the extent of his influence by known jurisprudential trends. The importance of the research lies in shedding light on Ibn Faras's methodology of deduction, which contributes to a deeper understanding of his book Ahkam Al-Quran, which is an important jurisprudential reference.

Research summary
Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may God’s blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family and companions, and grant him great peace.
And after: This is a study entitled Imam al-Daraki, his translation and some of his jurisprudential choices, and I made it into two sections. The first is entitled: The Life of Imam al-Daraki and contains three demands, and the second is entitled: Selected Issues from the Jurisprudence of Imam al-Daraki and it contains three demands. We ask God for success and payment.

Research summary
I chose to write this research because of its great importance stemming from the importance of the book, the author, and the knowledge he covered, as he combined jurisprudence and hadith. The book Subul al-Salam is of great importance to students of Islamic law, as studying the preferences of Imam al-San’ani facilitates students of knowledge in understanding this beneficial science by demonstrating the status of Imam al-San’ani, by clarifying his scholarly status and his efforts in serving Islamic law through studying his preferences in some issues of jurisprudence.
It is no secret that the issue of marriage and divorce is so important, and the Muslim community needs to understand them properly and correctly, in order to preserve the bonds and entity of the family from collapse and disintegration for the simplest reason. The stability of married life is a goal that Islam is keen to maintain through the most sacred bond, which is the bond of marriage. Since divorce, in the view of Islamic law, It is not resorted to except when there is a necessity that requires it. It is necessary to stand on some of its rulings and address them, because it deals with one of the most important and noble sciences, which is the jurisprudence of the Prophetic Sunnah. The importance and honor of this science stems from the honor and virtue of its owner, the Messenger Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace.

Abstract
The research deals with identifying the Book of Sacrifice, in terms of defining it linguistically and technically, then explaining its time, and explaining who is obligated to sacrifice, and then explaining the scholars’ statements on the ruling on sacrifice and presenting evidence for that. This study aimed to explain the provisions of Islamic law regarding sacrifices, and the investigation method that it followed in terms of comparing the three versions, proving omissions and additions, and what is related to the investigation of the graduation of hadiths, attributing statements, and attributing evidence and texts to their sources and commenting on them when necessary.

Research summary
In my research entitled: (The Jurisprudential Choices of Imam Al-Boushanji on Foods, What is Eaten and What is Not Eaten / Selected Examples), I briefly discussed the life of Imam Al-Boushanji and made it into an introduction. I touched on six topics with examples of his jurisprudential choices on foods, what is eaten and what is not eaten. In each topic, I mentioned his opinion first, then the jurisprudential disagreement and the evidence, with an explanation of the preferred opinion and an explanation of the reason for the preference. We ask God for success and guidance.

Research summary
This research addresses the issue of wife desertion in Islamic jurisprudence. It is a sensitive family issue that raises numerous questions about its legitimacy, causes, and effects, and how to deal with it in light of Islamic law. This study aims to clarify the views of jurists on this issue, analyze their evidence from the Qur'an and Sunnah, and highlight the points of agreement and disagreement among them. It also compares the various schools of jurisprudence to arrive at a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of this issue.

The summary
This research examines selected phonetic explanations by al-Kirmanī in his exegesis "al-Lubāb," highlighting his significant contributions in this field. The study’s focus on phonetic reasoning is not limited to revisiting al-Kirmanī’s own sources; rather, it extends to a comprehensive review of both classical and modern Arabic commentaries. The findings reveal that these works contain a wealth of explanatory opinions, many of which al-Kirmanī references and discusses in detail. He systematically compares the views of previous exegetes with his own, establishing a consistent methodology throughout his book. Thus, the study of his opinions here is inseparable from the broader scholarly discourse.
The research also aims to showcase aspects of al-Kirmanī’s efforts and the diversity he brought to phonetic studies, introducing new ideas and differing viewpoints that were met with varying degrees of acceptance or rejection. The core of this research revolves around the analysis of certain phonetic phenomena related to the hamzah, using selected examples.

Research Summary
Our research, titled "Qiyas and its Types According to Judge Abu Ya'la al-Hanbali (d. 458 AH) in his book "Al-'Uddah fi Usul al-Fiqh," addresses analogy and its types according to Judge Abu Ya'la as a means of establishing legal rulings that share a common cause with the explicit text. Sharia law does not differentiate between two similar things. Judge Abu Ya'la al-Hanbali has made clear and important references to analogy in terms of concept, meaning, authority, divisions, and other matters of jurisprudence in his book Al-'Uddah, which is one of the important books on the principles of jurisprudence. This is the subject we will discuss in our research to clarify analogy as a source of legislation and to understand its authority and divisions.

Research Summary My research, titled "Ibn Aqil's Fundamental Choices on the Authenticity of Explicit Consensus from His Book Al-Wadih fi Usul al-Fiqh / Selected Examples," addresses the issue of the authenticity of explicit consensus according to Ibn Aqil in his book, which is considered one of the most important books in this field. It is considered one of the most authoritative works on the principles of jurisprudence, especially in the Hanbali school of thought. In it, Ibn Aqil addresses many diverse choices, including explicit consensus and the ruling on those who disagree with it. The research plan consisted of an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. The first chapter dealt with defining Ibn Aqil, while the second chapter dealt with the validity of explicit consensus. I concluded with the third chapter, which dealt with the ruling on violating consensus. Success comes from God.

Summary
This thesis aims to study the Usuli (principles of Islamic jurisprudence) methodology of Ibn Imam al-Kamiliyya through his book Taysir al-Wusul ila Minhaj al-Usul, by analyzing his positions and comparing them with the views of scholars from other schools of thought. The study seeks to highlight the diversity in Usuli interpretation of texts and its impact on deriving legal rulings. The choice of this topic stems from its importance in advancing Usuli scholarship and the scarcity of studies addressing Ibn Imam al-Kamiliyya’s thought. Additionally, the comparative approach contributes to offering contemporary insights for muftis, while reflecting the richness of Usuli heritage and the multiplicity of its schools—not as contradictions, but as a diversity that enriches Islamic jurisprudence.

Abstract
This study examines Zoroastrianism and Aryan heritage as two of the most prominent ancient religious ideas that emerged in Iran and India. Zoroastrianism is one of the most important religious expressions that emerged from the heart of the ancient Aryan heritage, founded by its founder, Zoroaster. Zoroastrianism combined many ideas or aspects, including spiritual, ethical, and mythological ones, whose origins go back to the religious culture of the Indo-Aryan peoples. However, Zoroaster did not stop at adopting and being influenced by these ideas, but rather added to them what was consistent with his new religion.
In order to uncover this religion and the extent of its commonality with the Aryan heritage, I followed an analytical approach in order to read the texts. I also relied on the comparative approach in order to make comparisons between the ideas and elements that both agreed upon, especially those related to religious symbols and rituals, whether in Zoroastrianism on the one hand, or their counterparts in the Aryan tradition, whether in Vedic India in particular.
At the end of the study, I reached a set of results, the most important of which are: that the fiery (fire) and luminous (light) symbols emerged as among the most important signs or symbols that were considered common cosmic signs between them. This was clearly evident in the example of the sacred fire that the Zoroastrian religion embodied in the god of goodness, which is what was shared with what was in the Aryan Vedic religion, which embodied its belief in the god “Agni” in the Vedic religion. Also among the results is that the duality of good and evil, light and darkness, had a centrality and great importance both in the Aryan heritage and religion. Zoroastrianism, however, developed in the latter to a moral dimension that distinguished it from Aryanism. Also, one of the findings is that the concept of temples and holy places shared many aspects, even though Zoroastrianism was distinct from Aryanism. Finally, one of the findings is that they shared an eschatological conception of death, judgment, and retribution.

Abstract
Robert Lee Frost (1874-1963), an American poet, is often regarded as a founder of contemporary poetry. His work has incited discussion and disagreement among critics and the wider audience. While his perception of nature and manner is undoubtedly influenced by the works of renowned romantic poets such as William Wordsworth and John Keats, it is important to note that he has managed to maintain his unique approach. He has adapted elements from the standard literary canon to fit his artistic objectives.
The profound impact of Forest's work can be attributed to its compelling presence, rich symbolism, perceptive observation of human nature, and deep philosophical concepts, which position him as a prominent figure among contemporary poets. Most of his written work is metaphorical and reveals several levels of meaning. This study offers a unique evaluation of the poem "After Apple Picking" by exploring the symbolism employed by the writer.