The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
His intervention in political affairs raised a lot of controversy, some opposed his intervention and promised to involve religion in politics, and others saw in his Iranian origins what prevents his interference in Iraqi political affairs, while others supported his intervention and justified that the man chose to reside and live in Iraq since 1951 and took the city of Najaf as his residence and that he was closely acquainted with the conditions of Iraq and its problems and saw many intellectual, political and social differences, He witnessed the persecution suffered by the majority of the Iraqi people in its various components during the Baath era (1968-2003).
The man remained silent and the impact of retiring from interfering in political affairs under the regime of Saddam Hussein (1979-2003), and after the occupation of Iraq by the United States on April 9, 2003, Sistani began to interfere in political affairs, especially after the country's affairs took to the direction of chaos, the collapse of security, the destruction of state institutions, the cessation of services and the spread of uncontrolled weapons , and people's lives were lost in light of the disintegration of security.
It seems that he enjoyed the confidence and popular support and the majority of people were waiting for him to take a decisive position on the developments of the political process and its developments and express his opinion on important issues: such as the position on the occupation, the law of state administration, the constitution, elections, the relationship between religion and the state, the unity of Iraq, sectarian unrest, poor services, corruption, demonstrations, this study tries to stand on Sistani's positions on these events and important issues.
The man claims that he does not want to interfere in political affairs except to the extent of extreme necessity and he refuses to be an alternative and leader in political matters, and does not want himself to lead the people in his political affairs, and that this matter is the people's choice and decision and he respects and defends him and calls for protection for him, this study tries to clarify the extent of the truth of this claim and what is the purpose of the man from locking his door in the face of senior officials in the state and refusing to receive them for years until today? Then clarify his position on Use of violence against demonstrators.

Abstract:-
Religious tourism is a fundamental pillar of cultural and economic relations between Iraq and Iran, given the rich religious heritage and shared holy sites between the two countries. The research problem is clear in how to prepare a suitable media model for modern and traditional media to develop religious tourism between Iraq and Iran, identifying the most effective types of content, the most appropriate media, priority target groups, and the most influential methods of persuasion. The researcher adopted the synthetic-analytical approach, and the data required for the study were collected through semi-structured interviews. The analytical approach was used based on the Q methodology to identify the opinions and viewpoints of experts and specialists. The research community was represented by a group of academic experts in the field of media and tourism. A sample of 7 academics familiar with media and tourism affairs was selected from them. The researcher relied on open-ended questions with no specific choices. The study reached seven main models representing the different visions of experts in the fields of media and religious tourism. These models reflected a rich diversity of approaches, and were characterized by their integration and diversity, which provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the media requirements for developing religious tourism between the two countries.

Abstract:-
Poetry has been linked to power since the pre-Islamic Era till today. So, the desire of kings and princes' gifts at times and the fear of their oppression and power at other times prompted some poets to praise them and promote their policy. Rulers, at their part, lavished money on their praisers and those who were close to them of poets. When rulers need propaganda and praise, and poets need money, Phenomenon of earning money through poetry arose, especially, during the Umayyad and Abbasid eras due to the great role that poetry plays. It took the place of the media in our time in spreading the virtues of the rulers and publishing their exploits and policies, until, the poet became an integral part of the tools of power and power.

Abstract:-
Argumentation is a special type of discourse in which the speaker presents his claim, supported by justifications and explanations, through a series of sayings and ancient Arabic poetry, such as poetry about battles and days. Argumentation is a clear feature appropriate for pre-Islamic war poetry, as pre-Islamic poets often used it to support their words with justifications and explanations. Based on this, this study attempts, through a descriptive, analytical, and linguistic approach, to uncover the phenomenon of argumentative discourse in order to highlight the effectiveness of the linguistic-discursive approach in studying poetic discourse. The research focuses on the types of arguments in the war poems found in the book "Days of the Arabs" by Abu Ubaidah, and on studying the strategy of persuasion in these poems. This was achieved by studying the argumentative links employed, and by relying on argumentative theory, to help uncover the secrets of the literary phenomenon. This study concludes that the premise of departure, the premise of crossing, and the premise of arrival constitute the pillars of the argumentative text's identity in pre-Islamic war poetry. Among the most important common values mentioned in the book are: religious strictness among the pre-Islamic people, and the practice of war under any and all circumstances, even the most difficult. Several theses also appear in the book, praising the heroes for their bravery and acceptance of responsibility for what happens around them, the divinity of their lineage and birth, and their desire for immortality.

Abstract:-
The research sheds light on the dispute that the Orientalists fell in about the origin of the lineage of Quraish Tribe, and what follows from the attempts to cast doubt on the lineage of the Prophet and his family by targeting the base of the Quraishi lineage in order to overthrow the imposition of prophecy by relying on the frequent disagreements in the Islamic narrative among Muslim historians, and building a lengthy series of hypotheses and suspicions by adopting the analytical approach. To determine these suspicions, the aspect of comparison has been adopted between Orientalist views and the Islamic narration with an authentic chain of transmission to negate the hypotheses adopted by the orientalists regarding the lineage of the Messenger and his family, and to refuse many contradictions, the Orientalists have fell in as a result of their analyzing the events of Mission era as what suites their orientations and goals. It is also an attempt to correct their errors, interpret the biography facts, and reply these errors in scientific and objective answers by the comparison with the Islamic views and highlight the implications Orientalist studies of regarding religious and racial intolerance that led to empty Islam of its civilizational self, and strip the Massage from the quality of prophecy. Then, this study was prepared according to the analytical and comparative approach to as an answer. Through it the researcher mentioned the opinions of the Orientalists and then commented on them with the opinions of Islamic sources as analysis of the routine. And since this study shed light on the opinions of the Orientalists that contract the Islamic view, the researcher worked also to correct the error of some views of Islamic resources because the researcher's vision is part of the Islamic vision by virtue of his cultural and intellectual formation.

Abstract:-
This research aims to examine the pivotal role of media in shaping public opinion during unconventional warfare, specifically focusing on the fourth and fifth generations. It delves into the mechanisms and techniques employed by media to achieve this, with a particular emphasis on the influence of new media and the psychological and social factors that render individuals more susceptible to misinformation. The findings reveal that media has evolved into a formidable weapon of war, targeting minds and hearts as much as physical territories. The research underscores the critical importance of fostering a robust security culture to counter the growing threats posed by modern warfare. Moreover, it highlights the increasingly complex nature of future conflicts, which will heavily rely on advanced technology and media manipulation. To address these challenges, the study advocates for enhancing critical thinking skills among individuals and transforming media from a mere news disseminator into a platform for dialogue and critical analysis. This transformation will empower the public to comprehend these wars, their implications, and to effectively combat misinformation and rumors.

Abstract:-
The research dealt with (concerns in the modern Iraqi feminist poem in the period from 1958 to 1970, including the concerns of love and its sufferings, the orphan, and motherhood concern. The third chapter dealt with (the purports of concerns in the modern Iraqi feminist poem) to show the feminist attitudes, and call for liberating her and her equality with males in their poems and any other writing. The concerns related with her personality increased as per their sources. The psychological concern is considered an important source existing in the outer world, a state at which the scientists stopped, and this subject moved to literature that the critics searched these sources that humans oppose and cause worry to him that appear in his behavior generally. The research has benefited from the divisions that the specialists saw and fixed in their books. Accordingly, the divisions appeared, the divisions that pertain to the concerns in the feminist poem, as psychological or objective concerns.

Abstract:-
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field in computer science that aims to create systems and programs that mimic human cognitive abilities, such as learning, reasoning, and decision-making. Literature, on the other hand, is an art form that expresses emotions and ideas through written or spoken language, and it is significantly influenced by modern technology, which contributes to the development of new tools for creating and analyzing texts.
The relationship between literature and technology has evolved with the advent of computers and advanced software. Smart tools now play a crucial role in text editing, idea generation, and even in the automatic writing of stories. AI technology allows authors to explore new forms of literary expression and to analyze texts in ways that were previously impossible.
Technological breakthroughs are rapidly becoming an integral part of various aspects of life, including economics, politics, society, and literature. This integration raises growing concerns within society, particularly regarding the impact of AI on the Arabic language and literary creativity. With the introduction of AI-driven electronic tools in the production of literary works such as poetry and novels, AI has emerged as a new challenger to human creativity. This underscores the need to study its positive and negative impacts on Arabic literary content, as well as on copyright and literary ownership.

Abstract:-
Through research, it became clear to me that the history and sciences of the Qur'an had a prominent influence according to Sheikh Fadhil al-Saffar regarding the collection of the Qur'an, and the matter of revelation, recitations, the decisive and the similar, the interpretation and explanation, the general and specific, the general and the clear, and the general and specific. The research was limited to three topics of the sciences of the Qur'an: the collection of the Qur'an, the reasons for revelation or the matter of revelation and the recitations. Sheikh Fadel al-Saffar explained that the Qur'an that is in our hands, is the same one that was revealed to the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family) , and it has not been touched by the hand of manipulation. And what was mentioned that so-and-so compiled the Qur'an or so-and-so, is not true. The Qur'an was compiled by the Commander of the faithful, Ali (peace be upon him) by an order of the Messenger of God(may God bless him and his family). It is not possible for the Messenger of God to have left the Holy Qur'an without collecting it. It has become clear that Sheikh Fadel al-Saffar is one of those who deny Qur'anic recitations in general and in detail. There is only one well-known frequent recitation of the Qur'an, the recitation of Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him).

Abstract:-
Islamic libraries are considered one of the most important scientific and cultural institutions that Islam is proud of and which have played a very major role in spreading knowledge and culture among Muslims. Its influence went beyond the borders of the Muslims themselves, and its effects extended to the countries of the West.
Libraries are considered organized, rich in content, and their basic pillars on which the edifices of science, culture, civilization, knowledge and education are built, and the overflowing springs that nourish the scientific and cultural progress of nations with the water of life and survival.. The progress or backwardness of nations is measured by the abundance of libraries and the care and attention they receive
It is noted that the Andalusians paid great attention to libraries of all kinds. This interest and love for books and making them available to everyone did not generate such an achievement that the Andalusians reached in civilizational, scientific and cultural maturity, and it did not happen spontaneously, without effort or fatigue. Rather, it is the product of a long development that took its mark since the time of Prophet Mohammad; peace be upon him, and extended over the centuries until it bore fruit over and over.

Abstract:-
The Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 dealt in the first chapter of it on the basic principles, and the matter was not limited to the Iraqi legislator, as well as the comparative legislation under study, and represent these principles, and the Iraqi Penal Code criminalized and comparative under study any prejudice to these principles because of the supremacy they represent over all legal rules, being constitutional texts in the original and for their seriousness and importance stipulated by the penal law, and placed within the Special crimes against state security, as well as members of the Iraqi legislator special rules for these crimes, and its seriousness because the promotion of changing the basic principles of the constitution of the values of the supreme state and included in the core of the constitutional document so it came in the introduction to the constitution and the name of the basic principles, and represents the importance of this study to develop clear and explicit legal texts to criminalize prejudice to the basic principles of the constitution, as well as the problem of the study where these texts limited criminalization in a narrow scope by requiring that the promotion be by force or Violence or any other illegal means, which leads to the impunity of many criminals, and we have reached the incompatibility of the imposed punishment with the crime committed, and determine the behavior by promotion, without criminalizing possession or acquisition of these acts.

Abstract:-
Management is the activity of leading, directing and developing individuals and planning, organizing and monitoring the operations and actions of the main elements. Journalistic management is the most important factor in the chain of production processes that the news industry goes through, without which the links of this chain cannot proceed successfully and smoothly. It also intervenes during the editing process in deleting or adding certain details to the original news, according to the vision and efforts of the editorial board. The news text is the product of a series of news and cognitive processes that are reflected in a series of basic contexts that enter into the production and circulation of news. Our study works to study a main objective, which is the importance of news management in newspaper institutions and the factors for the success of news production and the impact of the administrative system followed in the newspaper on the process of selecting and producing news. The study reached several results, the most important of which is that the administrative system in newspapers depends on organized mechanisms that combine professional analysis and administrative guidance, which ensures the integration of work between editorial and management teams, to determine priorities and produce media content that reflects the needs and aspirations of the public and in a manner directly proportional to the newspaper\'s production.

Abstract:-
There is no doubt that the Qur'anic guidances are the basis of the Muslim family building, which are the Divine instructions that are created to organize the believer's life. They have a great place that cannot be ignored for guiding people and clarifying their social, educational, political and economic life and so on. The Holy Qur'an has not left anything except it dealt with. Because of the importance of the family, the Holy Qur'an has detailed it, and explained the smallest details of building the Muslim family in a sound and successful building based on sold religious foundations. What we notice in our present society is that families suffer from the weak structure , ignorance of the Qur'anic guidances, marital rights and duties, and lack of knowledge of their impact on family building, in order to fortify a Muslim with self-immunity.

Abstract:-
Religious dialogue is the apparent truth in the verses of the Holy Qur’an, and it is the correct basis for coexistence and understanding between different peoples and nations that embrace different ideas and beliefs. Based on that, we see that dialogue in the Qur’an is what is required by the truth of creation and guidance, especially with man, who is God’s successor in His land, and to say that the Qur’an contains a dissertation of dialogue in which man is integrated, we mean by it the truth of what is included in this book of religious truths and teachings common to all the heavenly religions with the difference in some legislation and laws depending on the time, place and society in which those laws were revealed, so it does not make sense because Dialogue is about the truth, or against it, but the truth requires that you be with it, whether you belong to Judaism, Christianity, or Islam, all of them are names that have been fulfilled by faith in their history, and prophecy was its way to God Almighty despite the different laws, and the differentiation of methods, and this All of it does not harm faith and the essence of belonging; Because it is a commitment to the Sharia and the curriculum as brought by the Prophet (PBUH), and for this reason our research was to study the approach of the Holy Qur’an in the dialogue of religions and to show its impact on culture, thought, education, and teaching, and we will explain that in detail, as follows.

Abstract:-
When delving into the concept of religious reform and its characteristics, it is necessary to embark on a comprehensive exploration of the different dimensions that constitute this phenomenon. Religious reform goes beyond mere superficial changes in religious practices; instead, it embodies a profound reappraisal and adaptation of religious doctrines, rituals, and institutions to meet the demands of evolving societal contexts. This begins with an examination of the rational and methodological approaches used in reinterpreting religious texts and doctrines, with an emphasis on the importance of critical thinking and scientific discourse in addressing complex religious issues.
Moreover, it examines the complex interplay between religious principles and modern scientific discoveries, and examines how religious thought grapples with scientific and technological progress. Furthermore, the research delves into the multifaceted debates surrounding nationalist and sectarian ideologies and demonstrates the impact of each on religious thought and practice. By analyzing these ideological discourses, he seeks to clarify the complex interrelationships between religion, politics, and societal transformation.

Abstract:-
The prose poem or it is an independent open piece that does not adhere to rhyme or meter, and contains many suggestions and poetic images, free from meter and rhyme in a living structure and an integrated and growing emotional construction, and an active intellectual work, as it contains signs and gestures, inspirations, and hints that affect the reader's thought to the point of acceptance and satisfaction. This study is based on revealing some aspects of the prose poem in the poetry of Fadl Khalaf Jabr, to reach the features of this new poetic text, and the study aims to prove some of its poetic qualities in models of the poet's prose poems according to the descriptive analytical method.

Abstract:-
Protecting consumer rights in electronic contracting in Iraqi and Iranian law requires activating the laws related to this matter and ensuring their effective implementation. Strong mechanisms for monitoring and enforcement must be available to protect consumer rights in the electronic field. Consumers' awareness of their rights and how to claim them in electronic contracting should be increased. Commercial establishments should be encouraged to adhere to the laws and develop their practices to ensure the protection of consumers in electronic contracting, by introducing internal mechanisms to verify compliance with legal standards and instructions.

Abstract:-
This study analysed a linguistic phenomenon represented by the linguistic links that relate to linguistic structures and their role in their construction, formulation and cohesion of their parts, which necessitated the existence of a phenomenon that relates speech to each other and its proper construction, to perform the function of linking it and its important role in the interpretation of the verses of the Holy Qur'an and showing the sources of interpretative difference among the interpreters of the Qur'an. Many linguists and exegetes have been interested in the use of letters of meaning, including the tool (Lola), which appears Seventy-six times in the Holy Qur'an, where the appearance of (Lola) in more than one form, preventive, exhortation, negation, interrogative, and in more than one meaning; then the feature of the tool's non-independence on its own benefits the structural level of the Qur'anic verses, so it is one of the necessities in the scientific research of language and interpretation students, and through verification and research, the semantic meaning and the meanings surrounding the verse and its structure are revealed at the sentence level or its relationship and connection with other verses and by using The tool (lola) as a phenomenon has occupied the role of linking, and the relationships it produces; as the recurrence of links results in several relationships, and the secrets of its combination, interdependence, and the semantics that flow from it contribute to the interpretation of its verses, which brings the meaning closer in the mind of the interpreter of its blessed verses. In addition to the scientific value of studying the purest and most honourable Arabic text and style, represented by the Holy Quran, the importance lies in identifying the most important complexities and obstacles to discourse at all levels in the current situation, which face researchers, scholars and teachers in the current situation, to promote a coherent discourse text with easy-to-understand structures.

Abstract:-
Islam is the religion of monotheism founded on two basic matters that formed its foundation and origin, which are what came from the Book of God Almighty, the Holy Quran, and what came from the Sunnah of His Noble Prophet, may God bless him and his family. The Prophet of God Muhammad is nothing but a messenger sent by God Almighty to spread the message of goodness, guidance and faith, and to unite the nation under the protection of God Almighty and His obedience.
But there is a group of liars, heretics and transmitters of hadiths according to their whims and desires, who attributed hadiths and fabricated them on the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, to prove the truth of something in their souls, but God subjugated people from His creation and servants to them to refute their goals And they throw them to the wall, and show people their lies and their weak hadiths with arguments, evidence and proofs. Among those people and scholars who put their tireless efforts in exposing the fabricated hadiths is Abu al-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi, as he worked hard to collect the fabricated hadiths in several of his books, and among these books is the book of fabrications in the hadiths of the Marfu'at in its three parts. In this research, we directed to address several chapters of the book of fabrications in order to identify the most prominent features of Ibn al-Jawzi's method in exposing the fabricated hadiths.

Abstract:-
The Holy Qur’an is considered one of the sources of Qur’anic intertextuality in ancient and modern Arabic poetry, because of its miraculous eloquence, as well as many unique stories and meanings. Poets may rely on employing it in their poetic texts according to its unique characteristics, because it is the most studied and most closely related book in contemporary modern Arab thought. On the other hand, the Holy Qur’an and its language are always present between the creator and the recipient, and it has a sacred status. Contemporary poets were influenced by the Quranic text and fell outside the circle of direct quotation, as is the case in ancient Arabic poetry, as the contemporary poet confirms through his intertextuality with the Holy Qur’an. A connection to the Arab heritage, but it somehow moves away from the traditional view of the Quranic text, and by reading it it becomes deeper and more thoughtful to release latent energies. Like this reading Which some consider effective in memorizing the texts of the Holy Qur’an with pronouns in all situations and not just sounds and words with limited meaning. As the citation or citation of the Holy Qur’an, which enters the core of literary discourse, is nothing but the presence of the Qur’anic text in the poet’s mind, as well as his insistence on the appropriate place in poetry. The structure and its contribution to reviving the effectiveness of the poetic text and the positive impact on its recipients, and therefore it will be a moral charge on the text that gives it luster and sparkle, in addition to conclusive evidence of the issues that the text may try to address, as it does not hurt to benefit from a modern critical lesson in applying a text. The concept of the term intertextuality: Dealing with the influence of the Holy Quran on the poetry of Abdul Mohsen Al-Kadhimi.

Abstract:-
The research aims to build a cognitive vision for the strategic management model of educational media, and to identify the practices that deepen the role of educational media management in educational institutions, and the most important challenges and problems facing educational media management in order to reach the proposed strategy. This research falls within the qualitative exploratory research, and for this purpose the researcher used the in-depth interview in collecting data and information and in its theoretical construction on the grounded theory as one of the qualitative research methods, and SWOT analysis to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the variables that occur in the media environment. The researcher concluded that human elements form the backbone of educational media and play a fundamental role in the strength of educational media, and financial resources play a vital role in successful management. Successful educational planning will lead to integrated and high-quality management that meets the needs of the educational process. Government support through laws and legislation and the creation of material and moral incentives will contribute to improving the quality of successful management.

Abstract:-
This research aims to develop an effective media strategy model for addressing security issues in Iraq by identifying the frameworks and media channels most influential in raising public awareness and enhancing security stability. The study also seeks to propose strategic solutions that contribute to overcoming the current security challenges in Iraq through improving coordination between media and security entities, enhancing media credibility, and combating fake news and rumors that may threaten national security. The researcher will use the Quadruple Analytical Method in the study: the SWOT tool, which is one of the strategic analysis tools, is used to identify four key points: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, which form the acronym SWOT. The study concluded with several findings: Iraqi security media has the ability to deliver clear and direct messages, especially during crises, thus enhancing trust between the public and security forces. This helps build a strong relationship with the community during security challenges.

Abstract:-
The concept of "Sukara" in the Quran is a state that may occur to a person, whether during prayer or at the time of the Day of Judgment; and such a state is not necessarily caused by the consumption of intoxicants. The purpose of this article was to criticism and study of the concept of "Sukara" in some Quran translations, finding equivalence and educational consequences in order to reduce incomplete and contradictory perceptions with other verses and traditions. In this article, which was done with the method of library study and referring to Other verses and narrations and in the form of a descriptive and analytical process, findings were obtained in three aspects: 1) The concept of "Sukara" for believers during prayer time and also during the doomsday earthquake can have a meaning other than "Drunk" in Persian literature. 2) By suggesting the meaning of "excited" for “Sukara” the author has provided evidence to prove and strengthen this meaning, which includes all psychological states out of balance extreme happiness and suffering are; such as: anger, fear, hatred, despair, worry, The feeling of inferiority, pride, laughter, crying, sadness; 3) One of the most important educational consequences of equating the concept of "Sukara" is the managing and control of emotions to increase the function of reason in the process of education by teacher and trainer in order to acquire high levels of knowledge and insight.

Abstract:-
The noble sunnah has been subjected to a lot of distortion and misleading since the era of the messenger (may go bless him and his family and grant them peace) , the era of the imams (peace be upon them) and the scholars and researchers after them and from various islamic schools and sects to establish general rules and foundation through which the authentic hadiths are known fabricated, distorted or misleading hadiths in all their forms.
In the thirteenth century AH the interpretation of the spirit of meanings emerged among the sunnis in the interpretation of the great Qur'an and the seven mathanis by AL-shafi'i Abu AL-thanaa AL-alusi who relied heavily on hadiths and narrations in his interpretation.
Accordingly we are carrying out this study with the aim of examining how the interpreter AL-alusi followed the rules of hadiths science its interpretation and his approach to it, with the aim of determining the extent of the authenticity of the hadiths that he relied on and their accuracy in clarifying the meaning of the Qur'an. the importance of this study emerges from the role and place of the hadiths in Qur'aic interpretation and clarifying and the meaning and their implication and thus revealing facts and legal rulings and their deduction, which necessitates of adhering to the sound foundations and rules for using authentic hadiths and avoiding fabricated hadiths.

Abstract:-
There are factors that make a comedic character likable and close to the audience, and many of his actions and behaviors can be learned, especially by those with little education. Sometimes the idea of a comedic work is close to the concerns and problems of society, such as criticism directed at a specific phenomenon or alerting the recipient to some of the negative issues that accompany his life, or the idea explains behavior. Some social figures and the buffoonery and foolishness they carry, and this character becomes a subject of ridicule and laughter, and currently the boldness has reached the comedic presentation of big figures, such as an important man in the state, or an important social figure, but they are dealt with in a comedic manner, and the aim of this is to reveal their apparent and hidden behavior among the masses. And exposing these models because it is part of society, and this foolish behavior can have a serious impact on the progress of society, and here the art of comedy is an important and dangerous weapon for combating inappropriate behavioral phenomena in society, and this is what we see in some dramas or entertainment programs, entertainment programs. The Iraqi and Arab ideal, and given the great influence on the recipient who constantly watches television programs, the social and cultural ideas and values contained in these programs may become rooted in the recipient according to the theory of cultural implantation.

Abstract:-
The Umayyad government institution was keen to devote efforts to mature a societal environment that harmonized with the directions of the authority, aiming to consolidate the pillars of the Umayyad state, through a series of procedures practiced according to an ideological approach, and within the framework of the general policies of the Umayyad authority related to economic and social aspects. The authorities' apparatuses practiced demolition and sabotage operations in the basic structure of the Islamic society, through a set of specific contexts that targeted certain places in the economic structures and social fabric of Muslims. The Umayyad ruler sought to weaken the poles of competition with him through their economic consumption, and through adopting multiple methods, the most prominent of which were the forced expropriation of agriculturally productive lands, and the commitment to the principle of total deprivation or preference in giving, and the emphasis on the coercion of money and the request for an increase in it, as it ordered the imposition of new taxes on Muslim subjects and others, which caused a state of great impoverishment and need and the spread of classism in the country. On the social level, starting with encouraging poets and singers, both male and female, to spread manifestations of deviation and immorality among Muslims, and young people, especially women, and focusing on the inhabitants of the Two Holy Mosques. The doors of the Umayyad court and the palaces of the emirate were opened to receive poets of love and debauchery and gifts were showered upon them. In the same context, the authorities deliberately incited the recitation of poems of contradictions, in an attempt to arouse the spirit of tribal fanaticism, and adopted the principle of racial discrimination based on preferring Arabs over non-Arabs. In the end, this deliberate policy led to moral deviation and aroused the spirit of tribal hatred and ethnic affiliation, to unrest, the outbreak of revolutions, and the undermining of their authorit

Abstract:-
Sentence construction in Arabic is not limited to the agent and the object; rather, there are standards for the different parts of the sentence. These standards help the intended addressee better understand them, remove doubt and ambiguity, and establish the sentence, providing it with a clear and transparent statement. For example, the letters "seen" and "sawf" and their relationship within the sentence. We don't just say they are agents or objects, but they also play a role in indicating the type of verb and its duration. Today, after a thousand and a half years since the codification of linguistic books, we find that some Arabic sciences are still under research, and many of them still need to be studied and interpreted. The primacy of letters, nouns, and verbs, and their positional or subjective attribution, are Arabic topics that have not received sufficient research, despite the references and studies that have addressed them over time. However, they have not been subjected to the microscope of objective research. We have studied this matter here based on the descriptive analytical approach, and the result reveals that they are of different types and their primacy is diverse. Situational primacy, conceptual primacy, relative primacy, and contextual primacy. It has also been shown that grammarians have prioritized the subject at the beginning rather than primacy. Studies also indicate that the primacy of various phrases affects sentence structure and parsing.

Abstract:-
The Iraqi media discourse towards the American occupation of Iraq in 2003 took different paths, and viewpoints differed towards the continued presence of American forces in Iraq. Some supported their presence, some opposed it, and some remained neutral and silent, especially after these forces returned to Iraq in 2014 at the request of the Iraqi government, To help the Iraqi armed forces confront the terrorist organization ISIS, which took control of Mosul province and sought to expand to other provinces, and the American forces began to increase the number of fighters in the American military bases that they established on Iraqi territory. This research aims to identify the media discourse of Al Sharqiya channel regarding the presence of American forces in Iraq, and to reveal the nature of the topics that the Iraqi media focused on regarding the presence of American forces in Iraq, and to identify the deep stage and the deeper stage in analyzing the media discourse of Al Sharqiya channel regarding the presence of American forces in Iraq based on the PIDAM method for discourse analysis. The research reached a number of results, the most prominent of which are: the existence of a truce between the Iraqi armed resistance and American forces in Iraq, and that America is determined to keep its military forces in Iraq, and is making excuses for their stay, and there is a legal justification for the stay of American forces in Iraq. The researcher recommended working on setting specific standards in dealing with news related to the presence of American forces in Iraq, and obligating the Iraqi media to adopt them. The necessity for state-affiliated media outlets to publish a specialized periodical documenting the agreements between the Iraqi government and the American government regarding the presence of American forces in Iraq, to be a reference for unofficial media outlets.