Research and Islamic Studies Journal

This research examines the Prophetic traditions transmitted under the designation “Ma‘āshir al-Anbiyā’” (Companionship or Fellowship of the Prophets) within the Noble Prophetic Sunnah. The study reveals that these narrations highlight unique attributes with which the Prophets of God and His Messengers were distinguished and honored above the rest of humankind. These divinely granted qualities encompassed various dimensions, including creed, acts of worship, and social dealings. It is therefore not surprising that God Almighty endowed His Prophets with such virtues and privileges, as a manifestation of their elevated rank before Him and before His creation.
The narrations also indicate instances in which the Prophets shared rulings specifically prescribed for them by divine command—sometimes as a form of honor, and at other times as a test. The research documents these narrations from their primary sources and supports their interpretation through the views of scholars of Qur’anic exegesis and theology, in order to elucidate relevant exegetical or theological issues when present, while emphasizing their hadith-related aspects. Ultimately, the study serves the broader aim of deepening the understanding of the Noble Prophetic Sunnah.

Islamic Sharia is valid for application in every time and place، a truth attested to by divine revelation، by history، and by all who have explored its treasures، whether Muslims or fair-minded non-Muslims. Today however، Muslims face the challenge of colonialism، which has sought by every means to distort the image of Islam and weaken its presence in the hearts of its followers.The reason for choosing this subject was to explore ways to revive the condition of the Muslim community under the pressures and distorted ideas propagated by colonialism. The aim of this research is to demonstrate that Islamic Sharia is not constrained by human needs in any age or setting، and that it is capable of fulfilling those needs through the derivation of objectives and rulings drawn from the spirit of the sacred texts.
The study adopts an inductive and analytical methodology in examining the texts in order to derive rulings for contemporary issues and practical applications. The research plan is divided into an introduction، two chapters، and a conclusion. The first chapter discusses the characteristics of Sharia and its applicability across all times and places، and it is organized into four sections. The second chapter demonstrates that Islamic Sharia is founded upon higher objectives، presenting solutions for some contemporary
applications، and it is organized into three sections. The conclusion highlights the most significant findings، including that understanding public interests and the objectives of Sharia plays a central role in deriving rulings for new and contemporary issues، basing judgments on the spirit of the text and the aims of legislation. The study closes with a list of sources and references.

Nigeria has a diverse business environment, perhaps due to its privileged location. Britain was the colonial power of Nigeria. This research deals with the commercial conditions in Nigeria in 1933. The research includes Nigeria's exports and imports during that period, in its various provinces, the British colonial trade policy in Nigeria, and commercial goods.

This research presents a comparative jurisprudential study of the concept of joint fault between contractors/engineers and the employer in construction, through analyzing Islamic legal texts and scholars’ opinions in light of liability and compensation rules. The study clarifies that joint fault occurs when the injured party contributes to the harm along with another’s fault, provided neither fault fully encompasses the other. The principle was applied to the relationship between contractors/engineers and the employer, highlighting the scope of each party’s liability in case of damage, whether the employer is experienced or not in construction. The research concludes that, in principle, a shared worker (contractor/engineer) is not liable unless there is negligence or transgression, and full responsibility is imposed when they knowingly commit or approve the error.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may blessings and peace be upon the prophets and messengers, our Prophet Muhammad, the example of understanding and a role model for all who walk, and upon his family and all of his companions who carried the religion to us, and may he grant us great peace.
As for what follows:
God Almighty has loved this nation of Muhammad, the nation of Islam, and given it and rewarded it with talents, purified them, and raised their value and exalted them. Among these gifts is infallible consensus, which is one of the sources of Islamic legislation and the third source of legitimacy for rulings in general after the Qur’an and the Sunnah. Since consensus has this status, it is necessary. Paying attention to every corner of it, and consolidating every brick of its structure. Therefore, the reason for its appearance is the new issues that arose after the death of the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, so it became a necessary source of necessity, and because the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, warned against division and disagreement and urged unity in hadiths. There is a lot of consensus, and the consensus must be based on a basis from the Qur’an and the Sunnah, which are the two revelations and the first basic sources of legislation, and the consensus is the agreement of the group of people of solution and contract from the nation of Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, in an era of the era, on the ruling of one of the facts that has a connection. In Sharia, I have touched on this topic, which is the topic of the extinction of the compilers’ era, because I saw its dispersion in lengthy scientific books, so I wanted to do my part and put the material in the hands of researchers for the sake of ease of handling it. Perhaps I might provide the Islamic library with something that will benefit from it and that will help researchers to easily refer to it if they need it.

This research addresses the objectives of Sharia in the verses of seeking permission (Istidhan) from Surah An-Nur, highlighting their role in preserving honor, dignity, and individual privacy, as well as achieving social tranquility. It also illustrates how seeking permission regulates relationships within the home and workplace according to Islamic rulings aimed at refinement and balance. The study emphasizes that this prophetic etiquette is one of the foundations of psychological and social security and complements the essential and necessary objectives of Sharia. Furthermore, the research stresses the importance of generalizing these etiquettes in light of contemporary technological challenges. This reflects the impact of Islamic legislation in considering psychological and social aspects, and its concern for the stability and security of households.

Human nature is prone to laziness and lethargy, and thus, individuals constantly need motivators to drive them towards continuity, interaction, and achievement. These motivating factors vary based on individual circumstances and conditions. This research focuses on an important aspect of motivation in light of the Prophetic Sunnah. As the Prophet (peace be upon him) is a teacher, role model, and guide, his Sunnah and biography contain numerous motivational methods for his noble Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). These methods are part of the Islamic legislative framework

Imam Al-Kirmani is considered one of the innovative interpreters and was given the title "Imam of the Reciters." He excelled in his exegesis titled Ghara'ib al-Tafsir wa 'Aja'ib al-Ta'wil (The Curiosities of Exegesis and Marvels of Interpretation). Some expressions used in his exegesis prompt researchers to pause and examine them, seeking to understand Imam Al-Kirmani's intended meaning behind their usage and whom he disagreed with.

This study examines the alleged errors attributed to Imam Al-Tirmidhi in his book, Al-Sunan. The researcher collected and analyzed a number of hadiths where Al-Tirmidhi was said to have made mistakes, comparing Al-Tirmidhi's own narrations in his Sunan with the conclusions of major hadith scholars based on their investigations.The study concludes that while Imam Al-Tirmidhi may have indeed made some errors, they were not numerous. It was also found that some of the errors attributed to him were actually mistakes made by the narrators, or they stemmed from differences in scholarly judgment between him and other hadith scholars. This highlights the importance of carefully distinguishing between Al-Tirmidhi's own errors and those of other narrators. In conclusion, the researcher asserts that despite his greatness and meticulous methodology, Imam Al-Tirmidhi was not immune to making some mistakes, as is the case with any scholar. However, these errors do not diminish the value of his book or his scholarly standing.

The imperative, in its various forms, is one of the most prominent linguistic devices found in the Prophetic hadiths, due to its direct impact on establishing legal rulings and guiding behavior. Scholars of Islamic jurisprudence and linguistics have made the topic of imperatives a fertile field of study, examining them in terms of their form, temporal significance, literal and metaphorical connotations, rhetorical purposes, and other aspects. This study examines the imperative forms in the book Umdat al-Ahkam, including the imperative forms mentioned therein, and explains their contextual connotations and stylistic characteristics—phonetic, morphological, and syntactic—in light of modern linguistic and stylistic studies, drawing on books on language and interpretation.

This research constitutes an endeavor to explore the imprints of the unconscious influencing the psyche of the poet Al-Namir ibn Tulib (may Allah have mercy on him) and, consequently, their effect on his poetry. He is among those poets whose literary output was significantly impacted by the unconscious. Melancholy was a dominant force in the poet's life, thoughts, and sensibilities. The confluence of his sorrows and their core likely lies in his exceptionally long lifespan, during which he witnessed and experienced the demise of those he loved and cared for—brothers, wives, and relatives. This alone would be sufficient to brand him with the mark of grief and pain. Historical sources inform us that Al-Namir ibn Tulib's age exceeded two hundred years. Regardless of the precise veracity of this account, most sources agree that he lived a very long life. This longevity inherently meant he endured the parting and loss of his loved ones and personally witnessed the transformation of societal conditions and the departure from the Arab ethical values that the poet cherished and was raised upon. All these factors contributed to the poet's sorrow and misery, which are reflected in the majority of his poetic works.

Scholars have given great and extensive attention to the language of the Prophetic Hadith, as it represents the second source of Islamic legislation, as well as the second linguistic source after the Holy Qur’an. Among these scholars is Imam al-Waqshī al-Andalusī (d. 489 AH), who paid special attention to the language of al-Muwaṭṭaʾ by Imam Mālik ibn Anas al-Aṣbaḥī (d. 179 AH), the Imam of Madīnah. This book is regarded as one of the earliest compilations of the Prophetic Hadith and the reports of the Companions and their Followers, written during or shortly after the era of linguistic authority. It was considered the most authentic book before the emergence of the Ṣaḥīḥayn of al-Bukhārī and Muslim. Imam al-Waqshī devoted his efforts to explaining the vocabulary, uncommon expressions, and grammatical structures of al-Muwaṭṭaʾ, as well as clarifying the nuances and secondary shades of meaning within the context of the Prophetic Hadith. However, he did not focus extensively on deriving legal rulings, except to a limited extent. He frequently cited the statements and opinions of leading linguists, engaging with them through discussion, critique, correction, and sometimes preference for certain grammatical schools—whether explicitly or implicitly. His critique was not limited to linguists alone, but extended to their interpretations of semantic aspects as well. He supported his positions through evidence from the Prophetic Hadith, reinforcing them with usages from the Arabic language. In this study, I also examined the views of Imam al-Waqshī: at times I agreed with his chosen opinions, while at other times I disagreed, offering textual or rational evidence to support and substantiate my perspective.

This study is devoted to examining the semantic significance of derivatives in the elegiac poetry of Abū Tammām. It focuses on identifying the various types of derivatives found in his elegies, with the purpose of uncovering their morphological patterns, observing their effect on shaping meaning within the poetic text, tracing their different semantic values, and clarifying their connection to the poem’s overall content.
The importance of this research lies in revealing the poet’s linguistic mastery in employing derivatives, which added new expressive dimensions that reflect the depth of emotion. The study adopts an analytical method.
It concludes with several key findings, the most important of which are:
• In his elegies, Abū Tammām reshapes language anew.
• He combines thought and emotion in his poetry, demonstrating the
• capacity of language to convey the subtlest human feelings.

This research presents an analytical study of three of the major sins mentioned in the Noble Prophetic Hadith known as the Seven Deadly Sins: associating partners with Allah (shirk), sorcery, and the wrongful appropriation of wealth. The study aims to elucidate the theological and ethical concepts related to these transgressions and to analyze their religious and social dimensions, with a particular focus on their effects on both the individual and society.
The first section addresses shirk by defining it, identifying its types, and highlighting its dangers, with a distinction drawn between major and minor shirk. The second section analyzes the concept of sorcery as a violation of divine laws and a corruption of people’s beliefs and conditions, clarifying the ruling on practicing sorcery or consulting sorcerers. The third section discusses the wrongful appropriation of wealth as a phenomenon manifested in various forms, including usury and consuming the property of orphans, while presenting both jurisprudential and ethical analyses of these crimes and their detrimental effects on trust and social transactions in the Islamic community.
The study concludes that these major sins are not merely individual violations but practices that endanger the spiritual, moral, and social structure of the Muslim nation. This underscores the urgent need for continuous awareness-raising and for reinforcing Islamic values in education and legislation.

This research addresses the analysis of the dramatic structure in the poetry of Haitham Al-Zaydi by focusing on analyzing the dramatic elements of the poetic discourse and their role in transforming the text into a vivid scene where the poet's self-interacts with the listener through dramatic tools that illuminate the text and provide it with a distinctive internal emotion. The research adopted a textual analytical approach in addition to the mechanisms of the dramatic and structural methodology to reach the aesthetic dimensions contained within the poetic texts, trace the poetic characters and their transformations within the poem, and reveal the internal conflict and engage with it. The research concluded that Haitham Al-Zaydi's poetry possesses a unique character that distinguishes it from others, reflected in the construction of scenes, drawing characters, and actively shaping them within his poetic texts. Dialogue was also employed as an aesthetic and referential tool that expresses internal transformations and their internal interactions, which granted the poet a clear distinction in contemporary poetry.

The research deals with the study of the word (unfair) in the Almighty’s saying: (That then is an unfair division). It explains the reason for choosing this word in the verse, even though there are synonymous words that are easier to pronounce and clearer. The research required that I talk about several axes before explaining the secret of selection. First: Explaining the meaning of the word “Dizi” in the language. The second axis is the morphological structure of the word “Dhaizi. The third axis is the readings and dialects therein. The fourth axis is its parsing The fifth axis is the commentators’ statements about it. The sixth axis is the eloquence of this word. The seventh axis is the relevance of this verse to the verses before and after it. The eighth axis is to reveal the secret behind choosing this word, given the presence of synonymous words.”

Abū Bakr al-Khwārizmī stands out as one of the prominent 4th-century AH writers who employed satire as both an artistic device and a tool of social criticism. In his satirical epistle, he displayed wide erudition, eloquent rhetoric, and even caricature-like depictions, through which he exposed his adversary with sharp irony. This work reflects the literary spirit of his age, in which authors often relied on satire and invective to unveil social realities and raise public awareness in the hope of fostering change. Al-Khwārizmī succeeded in portraying a vivid picture of the cultural and social life of his time, revealing his remarkable ability to craft discourse and stimulate readers’ intellect. His style combined clarity with depth—accessible in meaning yet refined in structure. This study aims to highlight the stylistic features of satire that give this epistle its distinctive literary value.

Worthy of mention that the narrative characters look like the dramatic and cinematic characters which belong to the imaginative novelist scholar، according to this importance،we based on study mentioned character patterns in the novel ( Banadaq and Manajil) . So to focus on attitude any character and its relation with events of novel for arriving at the top of event،or knot and after that find the best solve of it . then to end up to triumph of truth over falsehood، Like shared other functions in any novel as classified by Broob . or the triumph of the ideas which prepared by the hero to arrive of his goal .So there are characters vary in their roles، significance and nature in pushing the narrative event forward through study any pattern of these characters by depending its dividing into active main characters and supporting minor characters .

This study examines the term "Truthful but Not a Proof" (Ṣadūq wa Laysa Bi-Ḥujjah) as used by hadith critics in evaluating certain narrators. The expression carries a nuanced meaning between authentication and criticism. The research adopts an inductive and analytical approach by collecting cases where this term was applied, analyzing narrators’ biographies, and comparing the critics’ opinions. The findings indicate that the term generally applies to narrators who are honest in character but lack complete precision, making their reports acceptable for corroboration and supporting evidence, but not for independent authority.

This research examines a critical expression used by some scholars other than Ibn ʿAdī, namely their statement regarding a narrator: “He does not have many narrations” or “He does not have significant narrations.” This phrase indicates either the scarcity of a narrator’s reports or his lack of prominence among narrators for having numerous transmissions. It was employed by several scholars such as Ibn Saʿd, Abū Ḥātim al-Rāzī, al-Tirmidhī, al-Dhahabī, al-Maqrīzī, al-Suyūṭī, and others.

The Jurisprudential Opinions of Imam Al-Khwarizmi in Al-Bahr Al-Muheet on the Principles of Fiqh: A Comparative Study.
This study examines and analyzes the jurisprudential opinions of Imam Al-Khwarizmi (d. 568 AH) as presented in Al-Bahr Al-Muheet fi Usul al-Fiqh by Imam Al-Zarkashi.
Significance of the Study: The importance of this topic stems from the prominent position of Imam Al-Khwarizmi among the leading and well-versed scholars, which prompted Imam Al-Zarkashi to discuss his opinions alongside those of other eminent scholars in his work Al-Bahr Al-Muheet, one of the most important references in comparative studies of Islamic jurisprudence.
Research Problem: The study is guided by the question: What are the most prominent jurisprudential opinions favored by Imam Al-Khwarizmi, and what is their impact on the science of Usul al-Fiqh?
Research Objective: The main aim is to uncover the nature of these opinions and to clarify their scholarly value and significance within the discipline of Usul al-Fiqh.
Methodology: The researcher employed an analytical and comparative approach by examining the texts of Imam Al-Khwarizmi in Al-Bahr Al-Muheet, then comparing them with the opinions of other jurists. The study relied on classical sources as well as selected modern references.
Findings: The study reached several key conclusions, including:
1- Imam Al-Khwarizmi is distinguished by presenting the preferred opinion of an issue using expressions that do not imply unanimous consensus, such as “It is our view” or “We have evidence.”
2- He presents issues clearly and, at times, provides terminological definitions for certain matters.
3- Imam Al-Khwarizmi is recognized as one of the highly knowledgeable scholars of his era.
Recommendations: The study calls for further research to highlight the jurisprudential opinions of scholars in classical Islamic texts and their contributions to the development of Usul al-Fiqh.

This study examines the image of women in the poetry of Abdul Aziz Al-Maqaleh, focusing on both symbolism and embodiment, and aims to highlight their central and active presence in his poetic experience. The study shows how women represent symbols of fertility, life, and the homeland, and at times symbols of knowledge and light in the face of ignorance and darkness, while also embodying emotions and ideas that inspire the text both emotionally and intellectually. The research emphasizes the role of women in shaping the national and human image in Al-Maqaleh’s poetry, and how they transform from a mere artistic subject into a symbolic and emotional figure. The study consists of an introduction that reviews the poet’s experience, followed by two chapters: the first addresses the symbolism of women in his poetry, and the second deals with the embodiment of women in his poetry.