magazine aldhakwat albedh

Hadith terminology, as one of the most important sciences of the Prophetic Sunnah, is undergoing a qualitative transformation in light of the accelerating digital revolution taking place in the Islamic world and the world in general. Modern technological developments, particularly in the fields of artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and big data, have contributed to reshaping the mechanisms of research into the Noble Hadith, particularly in the field of terminological studies related to classification, verification, and evaluation of chains of transmission (sanads) and texts.
This research aims to demonstrate the mutual influence between Hadith terminology and digital technologies, and to analyze the opportunities these tools offer for developing classification and analysis methodologies in this field. It also highlights the jurisprudential and methodological challenges that may arise as a result of excessive or uncontrolled reliance on digital media. The research also addresses contemporary digital models that have contributed to enriching the science of terminology, such as electronic hadith encyclopedias, hadith search engines, and interactive platforms for grading hadiths.
The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach with partial induction of applied models, developing a systematic, forward-looking vision for the future of hadith terminology in the digital environment. The research concluded that digitizing hadith terminology is not simply a matter of technical tools; rather, it requires a renewal of questions, methodologies, and scientific controls to ensure the integrity of transmission and accuracy of understanding, while preserving the established scientific foundations of this noble science.

Corruption is an ancient phenomenon that originated from the beginning of creation and continues to this day, and it is not specific to one society without another, or one country without another. administrative, or social, as well as the absence of the concept of the institutional state and the legal state, so all countries have paid attention to ways to address it, and global efforts have come together to address this phenomenon and treat it by various means and capabilities, and for the success of these endeavors it was necessary first to diagnose it and then Knowing its causes and the methods leading to it, it is not possible to reach a cure for the disease before knowing its causes and type so that the treatment is effective.One of the most important factors in combating this dangerous phenomenon is through spreading religious and cultural awareness among all members of society and their employees in particular, defining its negatives and dangerous effects, establishing the concept of self-censorship, and showing good morals that our true religion calls for, on top of which is honesty, and not cheating. And avoiding bribery, and sincerity in work, and this was one of the most important reasons for the success of management in Islam.

Islamic food legislation aims to bring benefit and prevent harm. It is a legislation that is valid for all times and places, and encourages the use of modern science in accordance with the legal rulings and controls of Islamic jurisprudence, so that this is in the interest of humanity and improves its affairs in this world and the hereafter. This research came to show The jurisprudential rulings on genetically modified and hormonal foods, the statements of jurists, their evidence, their discussion, and the most valid opinion among them. The research presented a comparative jurisprudential view of the scientific methods used to increase animal and plant production, with a focus on concepts such as what is permissible and what is forbidden in animal and plant production.

Tayammum is considered one of the important jurisprudential rulings legislated in Islam as a facilitation for those obligated when the use of water is not possible—whether due to its absence, fear of harm from using it, or shortage of time. This subject has received significant attention from jurists across different schools of thought. Among those who examined it in depth and detail are al-Qutb al-Rawandi in his book Fiqh al-Qur’an and Imam al-Tahawi in his book Ahkam al-Qur’an. This study seeks to compare their perspectives and uncover the points of agreement and disagreement between them, reviewing Qur’anic texts, Prophetic traditions, and the opinions of jurists and exegetes.
The research begins by defining tayammum linguistically and technically. Linguistically, it denotes intention, whereas in jurisprudential terminology it refers to using clean earth on specific body parts with the intention of purification when water is unavailable. The researcher presented the definition of tayammum as stated in the Imami and Hanafi sources, with a precise clarification of related jurisprudential terms. The study then discusses the legitimacy of tayammum based on the two Qur’anic verses found in Surah al-Nisa’ and Surah al-Ma’idah, which constitute the explicit Qur’anic basis for the legislation of tayammum, along with authentic Prophetic traditions.
The research further addressed the causes of tayammum, most of which jurists agree upon, including: the absence of water, the inability to use it for health reasons, scarcity of water with the need to preserve it for drinking, shortage of prayer time, imprisonment or coercion. The conditions for the validity of tayammum were also clarified, such as the purity of the soil, the entry of prayer time, the absence of barriers, the intention of devotion, continuity, proper order, and completeness of wiping.
In addition, the study presented al-Rawandi’s views on the method of tayammum. He held that tayammum for ablution (wudu’) requires one strike, with which the forehead and the palms are wiped; while tayammum for ritual bathing (ghusl) requires two strikes: one for the face and another for the hands from the wrist to the fingertips. Al-Rawandi based his interpretation on narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) as well as a linguistic analysis of the verse: “Then perform tayammum with clean earth and wipe your faces and your hands with it” (Qur’an 5:6), emphasizing that the particle bi- in “your faces” indicates partiality, thus limiting the wiping of the hands to the palms only.
In contrast, Imam al-Tahawi adopted the opinion of the majority of jurists that tayammum includes the face and the hands up to the elbows, relying on Prophetic traditions narrated by Ibn ‘Umar and Asla‘ al-Tamimi. He also cited the hadith: “Tayammum consists of two strikes: one for the face and one for the hands up to the elbows.” He argued that the Qur’anic verse is absolute and may be specified by the Sunnah, drawing an analogy between the rulings of tayammum and wudu’, since tayammum is a substitute for it in cases of necessity.
The research then discussed the concept of al-sa‘id al-tayyib (clean earth). Al-Rawandi considered it to mean the surface of the earth that is pure, whether soil or stone, provided it is clean. This view coincides with that of al-Tahawi.
In the comparative section, the researcher outlined the points of agreement and disagreement between al-Rawandi and al-Tahawi. They agreed on the legitimacy of tayammum, the requirement of purity in the soil, and that one who prays with tayammum need not repeat the prayer upon later finding water. The disagreements, however, centered on the number of strikes, the extent of wiping the hands, the timing of tayammum, and its duration.
The researcher favored the opinion that tayammum for ablution requires one strike for the face and palms, and for ritual bathing requires two strikes, citing Prophetic traditions narrated from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his Household, as well as the absence of a restriction on the term “hands” in the verse of tayammum—unlike the verse of wudu’. This view was deemed stronger in evidence and more consistent with the objectives of Islamic legislation, which emphasize removing hardship and granting ease.
This study thus represents a contribution to comparative jurisprudence, following a scientific methodology that respects differences and highlights the richness of the Islamic legal heritage.

The price is an essential element in the sales contract , and it is not concluded without it . Therefore , the management of the contracting parties must focus on the buyer’s commitment to pay the price to the seller in cash in exchange for transferring owner ship of the sold item to the buyer. Thus, the buyer’s obligation is the price , and seller’s obligation is the sold item . Perhaps the implementation of the contract is the main goal that the contracting parties seek, as they place many hopes and aspirations on it related to the return this implementation adds to the contracting parties directly or indirectly .

Place has long been intertwined with literature, and over time it has become one of the most prominent phenomena in contemporary Arabic poetry. This significance lays the groundwork for examining its psychological impact on the creator and the literary producer. Perhaps this influence is most clearly reflected in the works of Iraqi poet Badr Shakir al-Sayyab and pioneering poet Nazik al-Malaika, who both contributed to establishing a distinct Iraqi mythology from psychological and social perspectives.
In their poetry, place is portrayed as a hero representing the eternal conflict between good and evil. It often assumes a symbolic psychological dimension that either references past events or anticipates the future, exerting authority over the subconscious memory of the producer and offering an expressive space conditioned by emotion and recollection.

The Holy Qur’an has given special attention to building a system of values and morals in the life of the individual and society, due to its great impact on purification and reform.
Among the most prominent of these values that the Qur’an established and established are modesty and chastity, especially in the life of women. The Qur’an repeatedly addresses women in many places related to behavior, concealment, and chastity, due to the great importance that the divine approach has given to preserving human nature and protecting the dignity of women.
And to prevent its abuse or turning it into a tool of seduction. The missionary data in the Holy Qur’an came in a complete and balanced manner, addressing the woman’s mind, heart, and behavior, and drawing for her the path of chastity and modesty in various ways to be a basis for reforming the family and society, and achieving spiritual and social security.

This research addresses the issue of translating and transferring pragmatic terms from Western languages into Arabic. It highlights the close relationship between translation and scientific terminology, emphasizing that language is not merely a communication tool but a means of shaping concepts and influencing intellectual and cultural structures.
Translation acts as an epistemological medium that enriches the Arabic language with new concepts and expands scientific horizons by incorporating foreign terms. Scientific terms, due to their precise and specialized nature, require careful translation and clear conceptual understanding.
The study reviews the main methods of term formation in Arabic—derivation, compounding, blending, borrowing, and metaphor—and demonstrates how each method appears in pragmatic lexicons, particularly in the Oxford Dictionary of Pragmatics, which the researcher relied on for statistical analysis.
Additionally, the research explores the roles of translators and terminologists, stressing the need for both linguistic proficiency and domain expertise in order to accurately render concepts in a way that aligns with Arabic linguistic rules and traditions.

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of formative engineering in developing the stimulus diversification skills of prospective science teachers. The researchers formulated the following null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in acquiring stimulus diversification skills.
The research population comprised all 118 fourth-year students in the Life Sciences Department, College of Pure Sciences, University of Mosul, during the 2024-2025 academic year, distributed across four sections. Sections A2 and B1 were randomly selected as the sample. Section A2 (30 students) served as the experimental group, and Section B1 (30 students) as the control group. Both groups were taught by Assistant Professor Dr. Ziad Bader Al-Mu›adidi. The experiment lasted a full semester, from October 9, 2024, to December 5, 2024. Data collection took place from February 16, 2025, to April 6, 2025.
Statistical analysis of the collected data revealed a statistically significant difference in stimulus diversification skill scores between the two groups, favoring the experimental group.
Based on these results, the researchers concluded that the formative engineering program (consisting of theoretical content and practical training) designed to develop stimulus diversification skills proved effective for Life Sciences students. They recommended conducting training courses based on this formative engineering program for biology teachers during summer breaks.

The research addresses the phenomenon of intellectual extremism as a social, intellectual, and security problem. It analyzes religious and ideological influence, then examines the role of media and education in confronting it through therapeutic and preventive strategies. 1. The Religious Influences of Extremist Ideology The fallacy of reading religious texts by relying on misinterpretations to serve personal or political goals, weakening authentic religious values such as justice and coexistence, and replacing them with a culture of violence and extremism. 2. The ideological influences of Takfiri ideology in producing a religiously fanatical discourse, including the use of religion as a tool to serve Takfiri groups, promoting sectarianism, and fragmenting national unity. 3. The Counter-Strategy in Education Infusing the values of tolerance and dialogue into curricula and linking them to daily life, training students in analysis, public speaking, and exposing religious fallacies, and increasing the intensity of moderate religious education that promotes moderation, tolerance, peace, and peaceful coexistence. The research is concerned with confronting the ideology and avoiding extremist religious deviations, as well as confronting them through the media and education, as they are effective means of spreading societal peace and making them tools for spreading peaceful coexistence and consolidating the principles of authentic Islam.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, his companions, and those who follow him in righteousness until the Day of Judgment. This research comes in a precious path in the studies of jurisprudence, which is the collection of the lost heritage, as it collects issues from the jurisprudence of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, may God have mercy on him, which were transmitted from him by his student and dictator Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Mushaish in the Book of Prayer, which had an impact on the doctrine of Imam Ahmad. It was possible to collect seventeen issues It was narrated by Ibn Mushaish on the authority of Imam Ahmad, may God have mercy on him. Some of it is related to the conditions and description of prayer, some of it is related to congregational prayer and leadership, and the last of it is related to the Eid and funeral prayers. This research is of great benefit and serves the jurisprudence of Imam Ahmad, may God have mercy on him, who was known for his adherence to the texts of the Qur’an and Sunnah and the sayings of the Companions, may God be pleased with them. It highlights some of the issues upon which Imam Ahmad’s jurisprudence was built, and it clarifies some of Imam Ahmad’s fatwas and jurisprudence, Some examples of Imam Ahmad’s ijtihad and his gradual progression from hesitation to issuing a fatwa are shown, as well as his changing his fatwa on some issues and his retracting from what he initially said to another opinion based on evidence that required it. This indicates a primary reason for the multiplicity of narrations from Imam Ahmad, may God have mercy on him, on a single issue.

Philip Larkin, who lived from 1922 to 1985, stands out as a significant poet of the post-War period, particularly in the 1950s and 1960s. His body of work is notably characterized by a prevailing sense of pessimism , reflective of the somber mood of the times. This paper aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of the theme of pessimism in Philip Larkin’s poetry, by discussing a group of poems include “Aubade,” “Dockery and Son,” “This Be The Verse.” and “Going.” The paper examines Larkin’s treatment of mortality, fear , aging, and personal relationships, as well as the nuances within his language and form in his pessimistic, chosen poems.

Abstract British English Academic Translation:
This study addresses the issue of «joint consent between a virgin woman and her guardian in the marriage contract» in light of the views of Imami and Hanafi jurists, compared with the provisions of Iraqi law. The research concludes that joint consent represents the more balanced and comprehensive position, as it takes into consideration the interests of both the virgin and her guardian, safeguarding dignity, preserving rights, and preventing emotionally driven decisions that could jeopardise the future of the family.
Imami jurists considered the guardian›s consent a necessary condition alongside the virgin›s, particularly if she is not financially or socially independent. Contemporary Imami scholars extended the scope of joint consent to include even independent virgins, in view of broader social and familial considerations. On the other hand, some Hanafi opinions initially endorsed joint consent but later shifted towards allowing the adult, rational virgin to independently conclude her own marriage contract.
The Iraqi legislator adopted joint consent within a specific age category: those who have completed fifteen but not yet reached eighteen years of age, making the validity of the marriage contingent upon the guardian’s permission and the judge’s approval. The study affirms that incorporating the principle of joint consent into legislation is the most sound and balanced approach, both legally and religiously. It ensures the protection of the virgin at a critical juncture in her life, safeguards her interests through the guardian, and prevents the misuse of guardianship. Accordingly, the study recommends a reconsideration of the provisions of the Iraqi Personal Status Law to reflect this balance between individual will and legal guardianship.

The current research aimed to investigate the effect of the Adelson Model on enhancing holistic thinking and academic achievement in the subject of Interior Design Accessories among students of the Institutes of Fine Arts. The research problem was identified as the weakness in both holistic thinking and achievement in this subject among students. The study was conducted on fourth-year female students at the Institute of Fine Arts for Girls, who were enrolled in the Interior Design Accessories course. The researcher adopted the experimental methodology and used two research tools: an achievement test and a holistic thinking test. The psychometric properties of both tests were established. After applying the experimental treatment to the sample, the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that the group taught using the Adelson Model in the Interior Design Accessories course outperformed the control group—taught using the traditional method—in both holistic thinking and academic achievement. This indicates that the Adelson Model had a positive cognitive effect on student achievement. The researcher recommended adopting this model in teaching other academic levels as well.

The concept of the implied reader: (It is a textual structure that anticipates the presence of a recipient without necessarily specifying him) (1). This concept requires the author or writer to write a text that anticipates the presence of a recipient without necessarily specifying that recipient.
The role that each individual recipient should adopt, thus defining the concept of the implicit reader, is a network of structures that necessitate a response from the reader that obligates him to understand the text (2).

The current research aims to identify the most prominent symptoms of sports bullying among physical education and sports science students at Imam Ja›far al-Sadiq University (PBUH) Muthanna Branch. There is a significant need to understand such behaviors among students, as bullying is a phenomenon directed from one individual to another, and the danger in this case is greater. There are some forms of bullying among students during practical lectures during the academic year. This phenomenon appears in emotional bullying, which occurs among students through belittling the victim, constant embarrassment, and ignoring others by some students, who attempt to diminish the victim›s sense of self. This is one of the most harmful types of bullying for the victim. The research aims to identify the symptoms of bullying among physical education and sports science students at Imam Ja›far al-Sadiq University. (A). This was achieved by using the Sports Bullying Scale.
The researcher concluded that there is a disparity in the levels of bullying among students. It was also noted that males are more vulnerable to bullying than females. Therefore, it was found that awareness of the concept of sports bullying is relatively low among students

This research examines the phenomenon of male elegy in Andalusian poetry during the Almoravid and Almohad eras. During these two eras, Andalusia witnessed major political, military, and social events, which led to the emergence of this form of elegy as an emotional expression of loss and a means of preserving Islamic values, heroism, and traditions. The research seeks to analyze the thematic and artistic structure of this poetic genre and reveal its religious, political, and social dimensions by studying a number of selected poetic texts by prominent poets of that period. The research relied on a descriptive and analytical approach, analyzing poetic models in terms of language, imagery, style, and connotations, linking them to the historical and cultural context of Andalusia during the Almoravid and Almohad eras. The results showed that male lamentations during this period were characterized by a strong presence of the values of jihad, submission to God›s will, and the glorification of exploits and heroism. They also featured sincere emotional touches and powerful rhetorical imagery, making them an artistic means of expressing grief and collective solidarity. The study recommends paying more attention to studying the themes of Andalusian poetry in light of the historical context, and conducting comparative studies between male lamentations in the Levant and Andalusia, and between male and female lamentations in Andalusian poetry.

Violent extremist discourse is one of the most prominent challenges facing contemporary societies. It represents a fertile environment for the growth and spread of terrorism, and works to destabilize and spread fear and fragmentation within the social fabric. The danger of this discourse is evident in its ability to mobilize individuals and attract them to violent paths by justifying resorting to extremism as a solution to political, social, and economic crises. This discourse feeds on feelings of marginalization, anger, and a desire for revenge, enabling it to infiltrate broad segments of youth, particularly in university environments that are supposed to be arenas for knowledge and dialogue, but can, due to multiple factors, transform into incubators of extremism and hatred. University students, as a vital segment of society, today stand at a crossroads between conscious integration into society or being drawn into extremist rhetoric and mobilization that exploits religion, nationalism, or victimhood to produce and legitimize violence.

This study examines expansion in the Mediterranean basin and its impact on the Ottoman-European conflict in North Africa during the nineteenth century. This period was marked by a marked growth in Western ambitions across the Mediterranean and Ottoman lands. North Africa became a key battleground as the Ottoman Empire clashed with European powers competing for colonies in the region. After the Berlin Conference of 1878, the Ottoman Empire recognized North Africa›s strategic importance in resisting European colonial ambitions, particularly their efforts to access the resources of Central Africa through the exploitation of Ottoman lands. While European powers were united in their colonial goals, they competed fiercely due to divergent interests, leading to international conflicts and shifts in regional balances. This study aims to analyze the nature and background of colonial expansion in the Mediterranean and its effects on the Ottoman-European conflict. Using historical analysis, comparative studies, and a range of Turkish, Arab, and Western sources for an objective examination, the findings highlight two main conclusions: First, colonial expansion in the Mediterranean was deeply rooted in colonial motives aimed at controlling global resources; Second, North Africa played a pivotal role in shaping regional and international dynamics in the late nineteenth century.

My research, titled «The Linguistic Effort of Allamah Makarem Shirazi in His Interpretation of «Nafhat al-Quran,» aims to demonstrate the foundations the author relied on in analyzing and interpreting the Quranic text from a linguistic perspective, and the use of this linguistic knowledge to understand the text, with the aim of arriving at the intended meaning. The discussions covered all levels of language; therefore, I divided it into two sections with an introduction: the first: discussions of Quranic vocabulary, and the second: discussions of Quranic structure. Each section contains various topics and issues related to it. The research relied on the descriptive and deductive approach, and reached the most important conclusions: that the author made language the key to understanding the Quranic text. His research was comprehensive at all levels of language—lexical, morphological, and syntactic—which he used to arrive at the Quranic meaning.

This study explores the representation of identity and tragedy in Arabic literature through an analytical reading of the novel «The Virgin of Sinjar». The research examines how the novel depicts the Yazidi tragedy through complex, multi-dimensional characters that reflect the existential conflict between cultural belonging and sectarian-political oppression. It highlights the roles of characters in expressing various forms of resistance, whether armed or existential, emphasizing the importance of narrating tragedies as a means to preserve collective memory and identity. The study aims to understand the relationship between character construction and identity within a tragic context and to provide a critical perspective on literature’s role in documenting minority experiences.

This study presents an analytical examination of the use of imagination and rhetoric in constructing poetic imagery in the works of the Syrian poet Nizar Qabbani, focusing on both his poetic and prose texts, particularly his book One Hundred Love Letters. The research highlights the role of imagination as a productive tool for mental images that integrate the sensory and the conceptual, alongside the use of rhetorical devices (simile, metaphor, metonymy, and allegory) to enrich the texts and expand their meanings. The findings reveal that Qabbani successfully blended imagination and rhetoric to create poetic images characterized by deep humanistic and aesthetic qualities, reflecting the concerns of the Arab individual in terms of love, homeland, and freedom. The study also points out that this innovative poetic imagery made Qabbani’s poetry a unique experience combining simplicity with depth, capable of impacting a wide range of readers.

This study highlights the art of paronomasia (Jinas) as one of the prominent rhetorical devices employed by Sheikh Izz al-Din al-Mawsili in his poetry. Paronomasia integrates phonetic harmony with profound meaning and features prominently in al-Mawsili’s works, especially in themes of praise, love, and elegy.The research adopts an analytical rhetorical approach by examining selected examples from his poetry, categorizing them according to the types of paronomasia: complete, partial, distorted, orthographic, derivational, and remote, while clarifying the artistic and aesthetic impact of each type.
The study aims to reveal the poet’s mastery of rhetorical devices and his effective use of paronomasia as a stylistic element that serves both rhythm and meaning, contributing to the artistic character of his poetic output.
The findings conclude that paronomasia in al-Mawsili’s poetry is not merely a verbal ornament but carries deep connotations that highlight the emotional structure of the texts and reflect the poet’s skill and artistic awareness.

This study explores the role of birds and animals in ancient Arabic poetry, focusing on their symbolic meanings in the poetry of Majnun Layla. The research highlights how the poet employed these symbols to express profound human emotions such as love, separation, sorrow, and loyalty, drawing on Arab cultural and mythological heritage. The study emphasizes the importance of these symbols in enhancing the poetic experience and conveying psychological and emotional meanings. It concludes that birds and animals are not merely natural elements but vital embodiments of human emotions and experiences in classical Arabic literature.

This study aims to present the most prominent scattered linguistic opinions of Ibn al-Sikkīt, as cited in his book (Islāḥ al-Manṭiq)and transmitted by al-Azharī in his lexicon (Tahdhīb al-Lughah)
The research is divided into two sections:- The first section: The rare linguistic observations (al-nawādir) that Ibn al-Sikkīt either uniquely proposed or confirmed.
- The second section: The analysis of words subject to disagreement, including what is considered correct or incorrect in usage, as well as expressions misused by the general public.
The study highlights Ibn al-Sikkīt’s concern for preserving the Arabic language, refining its usage, and correcting linguistic errors. It also emphasizes his reliance on Qur’anic and eloquent usage as criteria for linguistic correctness. Furthermore, the study reveals the extent to which al-Azharī was influenced by Ibn al-Sikkīt’s views and explores the positions of other linguists—whether in agreement or disagreement—regarding the acceptance of certain expressions