Ahl Al-Bait Jurnal

The supreme religious authority has faced crises and responded to fierce attacks aimed at fragmenting and weakening the Islamic entity, and exercised a patriotic, patriarchal and guiding role in the field of legislation, whether it is constitutional or ordinary legislation, with the aim of organizing public life in society in all fields, as legislation occupies the first place among the official sources of the legal base. The research problem focuses on answering many questions, the most important of which is whether the supreme religious authority has a role in the field of writing the constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 AD, and in the field of legislating laws by the House of Representatives.
We adopted the analytical and descriptive approach required by the research, and we divided it into two requirements, we touched in the first to the linguistic and idiomatic definition of the supreme religious reference, and we shed light in the second demand on the applied aspects of the supreme religious reference in the field of legislation, and we reached several conclusions, including that the Iraqi parliament has He lagged behind the legislation of many laws of great importance in the political system in the country that called on the supreme religious authority to accelerate its legislation, which fulfills the public interest of the people, including the Federal Supreme Court Law, the Oil and Gas Law, the Information Crime Law and other laws.

The technological progress, especially in the field of internet, introduced the world into the age of digital economy or Knowledge economy, this led to the inclusion of Knowledge, education and the intellectual capital in our economic system, and it is considered the third element in the production of the civiliged world economies. The economic progress is basically related to the accumulation of knowledge, thus the exchange and the distribution of knowledge, especially the transformation of technology, is increasingly impacting the international and the local economical growth. This conclusion reveals the pioneering and the primary role of the intellectual copyrights in the current economy of Knowledge.

The criminal procedure is indispensable in every crime. It is the link between the perpetration of the crime and the punishment of the perpetrator for fulfilling the right of the state to sanction it. Therefore, it is one of the most important means used by the state. The legislator must strike a balance between two competing interests. The other objective is the interest of the community in existence and the right to freedom in its freedom. The main objective that the legislator seeks to achieve through the rules of criminal procedure is to work towards achieving this balance between the interest of the group in punishment and the interest of the vulgate in defending itself. Slow and fast Actions taken in the stages of the criminal case are proportional in terms of interest accruing from the signing of the punishment for the perpetrator of the crime.

Religious tourism is an economic and cultural phenomenon and has a direct impact on the tourist movement, especially on the hotel sector in the city of Karbala. Religious tourism has contributed to an increase in the number of hotels in previous years, which led to its interference in all elements through front and back links as a result of the expansion of the hotel sector and the expansion of its spending On goods, food, drink, and transportation services, which results in an increase in national income, the provision of job opportunities, and the reduction of unemployment, which is reflected in the activation of the tourist movement in the city of Karbala, and the availability of subjective and objective conditions that overshadow all sectors, including the hotel sector that can be relied upon. In creating a mental image of the tourist for the city of Karbala.

The nature reserves are the proper scientific and practical method to preserve the biological diversity and natural heritage of humanity. It also works to protect the public order with its three components. Its role is to preserve public security by taking the necessary measures to prevent danger to individuals, whether the source of this danger is nature's actions. Such as floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, sand and dust storms, or the source of danger to the human reserve, such as arson, terrorist operations, or improper disposal of waste. Its role in public health conservation appears in terms of plants The basis of the medical elements active in the pharmaceutical industry, whose use is necessary to avoid the side effects of drugs approved from chemical sources and that the deterioration of the plant environment reflected negatively on the human and also represents an important line of defense against the risks of climate change and global warming as they contribute to the absorption of carbon and reduce the proportion of dioxide In the context of the general tranquility, nature reserves in their green areas and tranquil atmosphere have a positive impact on the stability and happiness of the individual. In addition, they have an effective role in fighting desertification In the soil and is also a natural sanctuary for living organisms and a center for scientific research. Therefore, the administration must be given the means and procedures to exercise its preventive authority in the protection of natural reserves. This is reflected in the form of special administrative control, which aims to protect nature reserves from damage before they occur, In this region, which has unique characteristics both in their living beings and their natural phenomena.

A research that highlights, through reading and scientific analysis, one of the precious written transcripts, as they are transferred from the author's handwriting, read over his method and corrected, which is sharh (explanation of) kafiyat Ibn al-Hajib - Othman Ibn Omar (d. 646 A.H.) - by Jalal ad-Din Muhammad al- Halawa'ae (d. 838 AH.), he was residing in Egypt for many years.
The research is divided into two axes preceded by a forward into two sections, the first of which is: (the author of the annotation and its transcriber), and the second is: (the annotated text and its importance). Followed by the first axis, which is: (the physical, historical and scientific description of the manuscript), while the second axis is: (reading in light of the grammatical authorship method followed in this explanation)

The moral impediment is a psychological state that Surrounds the contractor, as it prevents him from taking on ordinary or official document, and that this psychological state is difficult to assess, as the Surrounding circumstances must be searched for in the same contractor must be Searched an extent that it was morally impossible for him to take written evidence from those who contracted with him, there for, two criteria appeared to determine the moral impediment the first is objective and depends on determining the degree of kinship, and the second is psychological subjective, which the court must memorize through the circumstances Surrounding the contracting parties. The researcher here is trying to find another criterion based on two foundations, the first of which is to determine the degree of kinship with the amount determined, and the second it to determine the nature of Legal behavior, in other words, the combination of these two foundations constitutes an accurate criterion for moral impediment. This is an exception to the rule of written evidence, and to achieve it, evidence by testimony is resorted to in cases where the law, requires evidence in writing.

The jurists of the Imamate on the issue of the Hashemite share have three sayings one of them is the saying of the triple shareholding with the ownership of each share of them, and the second of them is the saying of the natural and all-inclusive ownership of these three items, and the third is the saying not to contribute, but all of it is one share in the hands of the Imam, and the three types are pure banks. The last two sayings are sources of the saying of most contemporary jurists.

The current research aims to identify the impact of strategy computerized visual organizations in correcting the historical perceptions of the fourth grade students of literary
To achieve the aim of the research was the use of quasi-experimental approach with partial seizures, and the research sample consisted of (50) Talibamn term junior high students in the holy city of Karbala for the academic year of schools 2014-2015oha the research community, and researcher Reward several variables between the two groups of research.
The study resulted in:
There is a difference statistically significant at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who are studying in accordance with the strategy of computerized visual organizations and the average scores of the control group students who Derso the usual way and in favor of the experimental group
الفصل الأول: التعريف بالبحث

The study examined the measurement and analysis of the role of the exchange rate in inflation and GDP as an indicator of economic growth for the period 1988-2017. The exchange rate in turn serves as a tool for monetary policy, mainly in achieving domestic and external economic stability.
The study started from the assumption that the exchange rate index has a major and important role in stabilizing the general level of prices expressed by inflation and stability of output. This role varies according to the nature of the economic system followed and the final objectives to be achieved.
One of the main conclusions of the research is that the exchange rate is one of the important and important monetary policy instruments, which contributed greatly to economic stability. This is based on the nature of the local economy and the level of development it achieved, as well as the economic system followed.
In order to clarify the role of the exchange rate in achieving economic stability for the duration of research, economic measurement, which is one of the advanced quantitative methods in this field, can be used. The VAR model is based on testing the root of unity and common integration.

No way to debate and say that consultation and infallibility are two correlative matters, to hold a justice adopted by the nation led by the prophet Mohammed (Pbuh) and his pure households (pbut), and the sacrifices they made along the beginning of its history, which faced many deviations represented in the turning of governing regie at the time of the prophet from consultation at the righteous sample, and what Quran and sunnat specified at the necessity to abide the infallibility of the caliphate or the follower of realizing the legislation regulation and methodology, throughout dependable and decided texts that mind accepts, meanwhile, the position of caliphate or imamate would be at legislation regulation respecting both of the legislation Quran and Sunnat, but the matter is that, the turning of Caliphate from an enforced regime of consultation into force and heritage, when the routes of nation had been excluded in a message created by justice and equity at the land of Allah, into a tyrant, an authority pushed by glamour and wars, disorder, interference and deviation away from religion concepts and meanings, until the intentions moved from legislation, and became personal and group interests and benefits, the conditions along ages the nation passed through were moving from bad to worse, that’s why the idea of our paper was neither to show the concepts of someone, nor criticizing the realizations as they were a notification, awareness, indication and intentions of the consultation and infallibility at the meaning of Holy Quran and Sunnat, a set of actions, sayings and indications of Imam Ali Bin Abi Taleb (Pbuh), we have depended saying that into two chapters, the first included: specifying the routes, titles of the meaning and the truth of consultation at the research, depending upon the books we could obtain that lead to those intentions, the indications and concepts of infallibility by research itself, provided that, his way to avoid Quran and Prophet’s contexts, with summarizing to deliver the message, avoiding exaggerating or dereliction, which in whole led to the second chapter which depended the sayings of the prophet (Pbuh) and the sayings of Imam Ali Bin Abi Taleb (Pbuh), throughout two episodes, inclusions were specified that Islam – through their speeches – has cared about and called for consultation, it looks like it’s the first legal regime supersized in the necessity of consultation, and exchanging of points of view by looking for the best and the most correct to apply, this was as an important as rule basis, the calls of Holy Quran, and pure Sunnat, which didn’t receive the actual application, except at the ages of prophet and imamate, that’s why the topics of research have adopted two requisites: the consultation of the prophet (Pbuh) at the first, and his sayings, and second the consultation of Imam Ali Bin Abi Taleb (Pbuh) throughout his sayings as well, and refutation of assumption of not committing of the Imam to this principle which depended upon Quran texts, finally, the speech has turned toward the content and results of the paper, and the last to say is all praise to Allah the lord of the worlds, depending upon him and all the right in sayings and actions are through him.

The research sheds light on one of the prominent Iraqi poets, Sheikh Mohamed Bahia Al-Athari (d. 1996). He is considered to be an excellent poet, and his poetry will be examined both thematically and artistically. Moreover he published a poetry collection. This research aims at introducing this prominent poet to the new generation as well as to the educated class.

The current research aims to evaluate the final exam questions of the students of the Department of Arabic Language - Faculty of Education, University of Qadisiyah, according to levels of cognitive knowledge, and some criteria for the development of university questions. The study reached the following results:
The study questions for the first, second, third and fourth levels focused on the minimum levels wich is knowledge of knowledge, understanding, and application in percentages of 25%, 38%, and 15% respectively, while most questions were neglected. The higher levels of classification are analysis, synthesis and Evaluation With 10%, 5% and 7%, respectively
As for the criteria for the development of university questions, the researcher determined the method of formulating the question, is it specific? Whether clear, general, or vague, and found that most of the questions were clear and specific at the same time, which amounted to 50% and 29%, respectively, while the researcher identified another criterion is the status of degree Is appropriate? Or not, it was found that the classification of the class was appropriate to the nature of the question by a very large 92%, as well as another criterion is the criterion of the question type is my object or article, and discovered that all questions are all kind of articl and there was no question of type objective.
In the light of the results of the research, the researcher recommended that the teachers should take care of the questions that include the upper levels of the classification of Bloom from the analysis, installation and evaluation, as well as the need to inform the teaching staff on the sources of measurement and evaluation in terms of the development of questions and types of objectivity and mobility. In order to complete this research, Examination of Arabic Language Departments in light of the TQM and other standard.

The aim of the research is to knowing the role of the servant leadership in achieving the psychological empowerment of the workers. And in order to achieve the objectives of the research was designed to hypothesize the nature of the relationship between the current search variables. In order to test the hypothesis of the research, the research was applied to a sample of individuals working in Karbala satellite channel, The questionnaire was used to obtain the required data As distributed to a sample of (117) People, Representing the segment of employees in Karbala satellite channel from the people and units and elite officials. The current research used a number of statistical tools to analyzing the data collecting. The most important of these are regression analysis, Cronbach's analysis coefficient, standard deviation, A simple correlation coefficient, Simple regression analysis, (T te`st), (F test).The research reached a number of results, the most important (the existence of correlation relationship and the impact of significant positive between the variable servant leadership and Psychological Empowerment employees) Based on these results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which is that the researcher should increase the interest in showing the characteristics of the servant leadership through the values, beliefs and human virtues, thus Creating a positive work environment that enhances the emotional motivation of individuals.

The objective of this study is to analyze the dimensions of sensory marketing and its role in achieving the Entrepreneurial Orientation for Organizations, The dimensions of sensory marketing were expressed by (visual marketing, Auditory marketing, Olfactory marketing, Gustative marketing, Tactile marketing), While the expression was the made upon Entrepreneurial Orientation Of Organizations in dimensions (Innovativeness, Risk-taking, Proactiveness, Competitive aggressiveness, Autonomy) The researcher chose Al-Kafeel Speciality hospital in Karbala as one of the successful Entrepreneurial Orientation in the health section.

Knowledge capital is the key determinant of development. When the gap between it and the rest of the capital takes place, attention must be paid to it by paying attention to human capabilities in terms of training, preparation, deepening experience and supporting innovative capabilities. And support the capabilities of the rest of the capital, so the countries aspiring to growth and progress to develop and increase attention to knowledge capital. As we are currently working in an environment that is constantly changing and intensely competitive both internally and externally, putting all institutions in the face of a constant challenge to adapt to these variables, there is a growing need to exploit all the potentials to win and support innovations that make the Arab environment superior to its competitors. Unless these organizations possess qualified human cadres while providing an organizational culture characterized by creativity and innovation. Hence, the idea of this research is to try to explain the correlation between knowledge capital and organizational innovation of enterprises as an attempt to ascertain the availability of a requirement Knowledge capital in those institutions.

The study dealt with the policies of financing working capital and its reflection on the profitability of banking in four Iraqi commercial banks (Credit Bank, Bank of Babylon, Sumer Bank, Gulf Bank) for eight years (2009 to 2016) The aim of this study is to study the reality of the working capital financing policies in the banks. The sample of the research and exit the results and recommendations that help the financial management to understand the nature of the relationship between the short and long term financing of the capital components and profitability By examining the extent to which the effect of short- and long-term working capital ratios on bank profitability is related to the rate of return on equity and the rate of return on available resources). And based on a number of statistical measures and methods that have been found by the statistical and electronic programs of the electronic calculator (spss-V18) and the program (2010Excel) The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is: The relationship of the effect of the short and long term working capital ratios on the profit indicators approved by the research and that the bank's financial manager can achieve the appropriate profitability according to the research indicators used by adopting a moderate financing policy. The study recommended focusing on the working capital finance policies in banks as a vital and strategic issue because of their great role in achieving the goals that have been created for them.

The main purpose of this research is to shed light on the cognitive and philosophical aspects related to the decisions of financing and the market value at the level of observations in the industrial companies in the Iraqi market for securities. In order to achieve the objectives of the research,. For the purpose of testing the hypotheses of research, the research was applied to a sample of industrial companies operating in the Iraqi market for securities, in order to obtain the necessary information through the financial reports of the Iraqi Stock Exchange for the companies sample research for the period 2005-2005, financial reports and final accounts in the Securities Commission For companies sample research for the period from 2005 to 2005., the sample was (9) companies. In the light of the results reached there are a number of conclusions, the most important of which was the existence of a significant correlation between statistical decision indicators (single or combined) and market value at the level of observations (except for the third indicator)., The sample companies should diversify their sources of financing, particularly long-term financing, because of its importance in building the capabilities of companies in the near and long term, as well as the relative balance in their financing decisions between the borrower and the property in order to reduce the cost of financing and the possibility of employing them in the fields of exception Exclusive successful in the end reflect the market value.

The monetary authority has adopted a policy of targeting inflation in order to maintain monetary stability in the country,it was used to achieve its nominal exchange rate target, due to the economy and financial fragility and the separation of the real sector from the cash which makes the traditional channels do not meet the impact of monetary policy interest rate is largely ineffective,the monetary authority succeeded in using the currency sale window to control the exchange rate and to reduce the exchange gap between the official price and the parallel price,and then keep the exchange rate relatively stable for the duration 2016-2003 thus stabilizing prices and purchasing power in the economy,the success of this tool was at the expense of the pressure on the international reserves of the central bank in light of the large consumer spending by the government, as opposed to declining oil revenues which are the sole source of foreign exchange.

Time series analysis gives a great importance for prediction and proposed many methods for forecasting life and social phenomena..The goal of this research is due to the importance of comparison between deferent methods of prediction especially linear and nonlinear ones and Exponential smoothing methods.The comparison based on different indicators such as the mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), to predict the future values of the not seasonal time series models. The suggested and fitting model is (Linear Trend Model), and has been applied to the observations represent monthly of series numbers of the patient's with malignant tumors in Babylon.

The present research aims to test the relationship of correlation and influence between the Leadership Empowerment Behaviors (independent variable) Substitutes For Leadership (variable dependent),among a sample of lechers in the private colleges in Karbala governorate (212) lechers, The problem of the study was expressed by a key question (what is the level of the influence of the Leadership Empowerment Behaviors on Substitutes For Leadership?), The study reached a set of results that can be summed up by the existence of a relationship of influence and correlation between the Leadership Empowerment Behaviors and Substitutes For Leadership, Based on these findings, the researchers presented a number of recommendations, Leadership empowerment behaviors should be of higher management interest because empowerment behaviors are expected to serve as Substitutes For Leadership, reducing the pressure on the role of leadership and devoting them to strategic planning processes for future colleges.

The study aims to show the importance of the electrical connection between Iraq's neighboring countries and the necessity of its multiplicity. Iraq is importing electrical energy from the state of oasis only, Iran with a capacity of (655) megawatts daily average and the cost of megawatts to 82.234 dollars, which is very high cost compared to The production inside Iraq, although Iraq has had transmission lines of electric power with other countries because they did not do so for security and political reasons, knowing that Iraq has a deficit in electricity power reached in 2016 to (59%), so the best solution To plug in electric power is investment p The field of production, transport and distribution, as well as activating the electrical connection to other countries.

Abstract
The banking system is one of the most important financial institutions which play avital role in the economy, The global progress in information technology has resulted in advanced means of providing modern banking services, especially electronic ones, As far as the Iraqi banking system is concerned, the Iraqi banking system seeks to achieve the highest efficiency in its performance, Through the provision of electronic services.
This study aims to achieve the following objectives:
1. Identify electronic banking services in the Iraqi banking system.
2. The impact of electronic banking services on the performance of the banking system.
Therefore, the title of the study ((Electronic banking services and their impact on the performance of the Iraqi banking system)) was chosen on this basis.
This study was used to identify the impact of modern electronic services, which were considered independent variables, namely: (number of ATMs, number of POS points, quarterly value of RTGS, and quarterly value of electronic clearing). (Profitability, liquidity, and capital adequacy), as an empirical study, relying on statistical analysis tools and using Eviews10.
The study reached a number of conclusions, including:
1. Electronic banking services contribute to the development of the Iraqi banking system and make it keep pace with global developments in the service of banks.
2. Statistical results revealed the existence of a statistically significant correlation between e-services indicators and banking financial performance indicators.

The Objective of this Study is to Analyze the Phenomenon of Cultural Diversity of Human Resources and its Impact on the Quality of Service through the study problem that Emphasizes the extent of the Organization's Understanding of the Importance of Cultural Diversity of Human Resources and its Reflection on the Quality of Service by asking a number of Questions to the Variables of study Variables. On a Sample of Human Resources at the Babylon International Hotel. A Sample of 132 People from Different Cultures and Nationalities was Taken. The study relied on the Questionnaire The study Concluded with a set of Recommendations, the most Important of which was the existence of a correlation between the Dimensions of the Cultural Diversity of Human Resources and the Quality of Service. The study concluded with a set of Recommendations, namely the need to involve human resources in drawing up long term strategic plans by giving them more Of delegation and powers in the administration)

goal of current research to Effect of (perkins and Blyth) models on acquire first grade Science Students reflective thinking (section applied), and to achieve the objective of this research was to formulate the null hypothesis the following: 1. There is no difference statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study Science on perkins and Blyth models and group score officer students who study the same material in the usual way (in place) in the collection of reflective thinking measure. To investigate the hypothesis selected sample al- alama hussin ali mahfoth secondary school AL-KARKH\3, and numbered (70) students divided into two groups by (35) students in the experimental group studied the proposed educational models, and (35) students in the group the officer studied the usual way (followed), after what has been verified in the equality of the two variables (chronological age in months and collection of material Science previous Sciences and information). After a promising researcher experiment kits containing the proposed instructional models (identifying scientific material, identify the Science material, formulation purposes behavioral, and preparing lesson plans for the experimental and control groups, and preparing learning activities, and the working paper the student experimental group). Were preparing lesson plans for pilot grouped and control of (50) plan for each group of (10) weeks after the presentation to a group of specialists in teaching methods and educational psychology and measurement and evaluation, and the administrators and teachers of Science experienced, and carried researcher experiment on the experimental and control groups at the beginning of semester for the first year (2016-2017) m, and for a First semester. To achieve the goal of research and testing hypotheses the researcher prepare a research tool: used the reflective thinking measure consists of (30) objective have been verified test the sincerity and the coefficient of difficulty and a factor of discrimination and the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives and consistency applied to exploratory sample numbered 120 students from the research community and is appointed. It was the application of experience during the period of (14 \ 2 \ 2017) and until (2 \ 5 \ 2017 m), and after the end of the experiment was applied two tools research, and analyzed the results using equation (t-test) for two independent samples of equal number and ensure equality of the sample, The ETA equation to find the size of the impact. The results showed: 1. There are statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group to the control group in the collection Science test, the size of a large following. In light of the search results researcher presented a number of recommendations, including, reconsider methods of teaching curricula and programs of practical education in the colleges of education to adopt educational models that have a positive impact on the development of higher-order thinking skills, including the design of current research. The researcher suggested a number of studies of them, the impact of instructional models, according to use (perkins and Blyth) models.

Research Current research The role of the curriculum of social materials for the intermediate stage in the development of values necessary for extremist thought from the point of view of teachers of the material and its teachers for the academic year 2019-2018.
The scale shall be of (24) paragraphs. After verifying its validity and stability, a sample of (48) schools and schools shall be applied in the Directorate General of Karbala Education, using the final test.
- Direct educational systems in Qatar positively in the development of a large national project to prepare a generation that loves his country.
- The possession of the research sample has a good level of national awareness and loyalty.
- Interview teachers and teachers to include values in social curricula, especially national citizenship and modern and Islamic history.
Search results are as follows:
- Work to focus values in social materials so that access can be built to convincingly counter extremism.
- Teaching group skills.
- Teaching emotional skills to develop emotional feelings among members of the group.
The researcher developed the following:
- Substantial changes in the programs of preparing teachers to cope with the developed curricula and training on uniformity in the curriculum.
- Mobilizing the capacity of supervisors and educators to support value-based approaches.
- The role of the media in broadcasting national values and ideals through the Iraqi educational channel.

The customs taxes are prominent in the financing of the state revenues, they achieve additional income for the general budget, which works to alleviate the fiscal deficit, and highlights the impact of these taxes clearly if they are managed properly free of administrative and financial corruption and work to achieve their economic, social and political objectives, Accounting for one-third of tax revenue in developing countries.
This study is based on the hypothesis that the effect of change in the exchange rate is effective in increasing customs taxes through a long-term balance between them.
And by measuring and analyzing the relationship between customs taxes and exchange rates. The results of the standard models were obtained using the ARDL model, which is one of the advanced standard methods. This model is based on the time series stability test and gives results on the nature Short term relationship (error correction model) as well as long term results. The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship as well as the short-term relationship between the variables of the study. The rate of adjustment of the customs duties function was 0.52. Therefore, the imbalances that could occur will be corrected 52% And its return to long-term equilibrium value.

The main aim of this research is to determine the impact of Leadership Empowerment in organizational reputation at the level of universities and civil colleges working in Governorate of the holy Karbala, The research started with a major problem that included several questions about the nature of the influential relations between the two variables of the field, The research was based scale (Arnold et al, 2000) To measure Leadership Empowerment which consists of five sub - dimensions are (Lead by Example, Coaching, Participative Decision Making, Showing Concern / Interacting With The Team, Informing), A scale has been adopted (Sala, 2011) To measure Organizational Reputation which consists of four sub - dimensions (Quality, Appeal, Performance, Responsibility). The questionnaire was used as a key tool in gathering information and data for research, The research sample consisted of a group of faculty members in universities and colleges The research sample And their number (236) teachers. For the purpose of data analysis and statistical processing Was used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (Structural Equation Modeling), And an appropriate set of measures descriptive statistics, rank correlation coefficient (Spearman's rho), and multiple regression analysis through statistical software (SPSS V.20 ; Amos V.23).The research found several conclusions the most important ones that Leadership Empowerment have a significantly impact on organizational reputation, The results show clear progress for the dimension of Participative Decision Making, then Informing, and then Showing Concern / Interacting With The Team, And then beyond Lead by Example, And finally Coaching in terms of the impact in organizational reputation. The research came out with a set of recommendations, most importantly Should the administrations of universities and civil colleges of the research sample change their leadership style in dealing with faculty members From of the leadership style Guideline to an empowering leadership style, to achieving superiority and excellence and distinguished organizational reputation in the environment of higher education.

The present study is devoted to estimating the elasticity of (labor - output) in the Iraqi economy, by using of a model based on the Okun's Law, The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model It has been used After knowing the stability (stationary) of the model variables and their degree of integration, the current study attempts to answer following questions, The most important of which is the quantum of the coefficient of the elasticity of (labor - output), What is the effect of labor force growth on employment rates? The study under investigation has the following findings:
• The possibility of deriving a model based on Okun's Law that can be used to estimate the coefficient of the elasticity of (labor - output).
• Low coefficient of elasticity (labor- output) in the Iraqi economy.
• The sustainability of the relationship between employment, production and labor force growth, but the return to long-term equilibrium is very slow.

Computer games after 9/11 became the most suitable arena to benefit othering process. Thereupon, the extremists have paid more attention to media, as a result, they made a lot of progress. ISIS skillfully takes advantage of the American computer games’ elements and symbols to exert mutual othering. To by decriminalizing and humiliating their glorious symbols like Humvee or Abrams tanks in its own movies, besides strengthening its legitimacy by equalizing its own action to early Islamic historical narratives. This study aims to illustrate how ISIS’ citation to historical narratives and usage of media could build up its power and identity.

Contact in social and familial relationships in Modern American way of life may be established and present, but Albee and through most of his plays diagnoses the void in those relationships where they are characterized by being abstract without meaning. The loveless, selfishness and the lack of proper contact and warmth of family relationships that the writer offers to his audience through his characters in the two plays under discussion, American Dream and Delicate Balance, are nothing but a realistic reflection of the society that recognized and approved such a bitter reality.