Zanco Journal of Human Sciences

This study is concerned with the relation of aesthetics with literary texts. New formalists and Parnassisme approach were pioneers of literary schools that they were not in favour of literary commitment and ideological reflection as a condition for literary text success, as they resorted to the bases of poetic mentalities, particularly, aesthetics.
The scope of the study is to apply the concept of aesthetic from Parnassisms perspective on poetic text and Gorans viewpoint regarding this literary school and aesthetic concept.
The aim of the study is to portray the effect of the recent Kurdish poetry, factors of renewing and taking advantage of it either explicitly or implicitly from the schools and sources of western literary, artistic and mentality and Goran is the pioneer of this renewal.
This study employs the descriptive analytical method research. For this purpose, a historical perspective has been taken into account. Gorans poetry has been practically taken to demonstrate the ideas.
The structure of the study encompasses preface, introduction and two chapters. The first chapter embraces two parts. The first part is devoted to aesthetics and the art of poetry. The focus of the second part is on Parnassism “art for art”. The first part of the second chapter highlights Goran and Parnassisme approach. The second part lays emphasis on beauty of nature and art in Gorans poetry.

If we look at the effects of divorce, we find that there is a set of rights for women when they are divorced from their husbands and since these rights are legally defined. The most important of these rights is the dowry that the wife is entitled to contract, or the dowry is given, In this research we will talk about the financial rights of the wife when she divorces and the maintenance of the kit, and in the beginning we will talk about the husband\\\\'s rights to the husband and the husband, and the elements of alimony, food, About divorce and its consequences as we talk about That the woman must be counted up to a certain period of time if the division between them and her husband after or before entry or death, whether the divorce is retroactive or small or grand ignorance, and talk about her right to seek compensation for arbitrary divorce if the husband signed without And we talk about her right to custody of her child for the period specified by the law, unless the interests of the young person require otherwise, and we talk about her right to housing if she so requests before the court.

There is a great deal of disagreement between the Iraqi intellectuals and sometimes skip to differences and mutual accusations because of the issue of federalism whereas of its feasibility and applicability between the two basic nationalities ( Arabs and Kurds) in history, geography and political conflict. This paper presents the different attitudes and views of analytical research based on evidence, scientific discussion and reality tangible to arrive at the balanced idea in this regard, an analytical study on the political jurisprudence of legitimacy, it's entitled (the federal system in Iraq between Arabs and Kurds .. Analytical study in the jurisprudence of legitimate politics), consists an introduction, two chapter and a conclusion, The first chapter includes the concept of federalism and its history in Iraq, its constitutional text and its example in the Islamic system. The second chapter deals with the different opinions of politicians, intellectuals and scholars in adopting federalism in Iraq with discussion, analysis and giving preponderance. finally We have a conclusions with series of findings and recommendations,

Statistical analysis of the style of multi -dependent variables of its different ways to describe and analyze the phenomena of multi -dimensional variables. If they share views with each set of characteristics and traits with varying degrees, the multivariate statistical study deals with those views and expressed through the most influential variables in the phenomena under study, research on the link between the adopted multivariate analysis using analysis of the main components of (PCA) and discriminate analysis of (DA), so this research aims to determine the most important factors affecting patients infected and not infected with malignant tumoursby determining the number of factors derived using the analysis of the factor as well as using the distinctive analysis in the process of discrimination and classification and then estimating the best equation based on measurements and derived by the main components of discrimination between the two types and the comparison of results based on the ratio of error classification and show its effect on the classification process, and to achieve the search of objectives the research partition on the theoretical side was addressed to the analysis of the functioning and discriminatory analysis, the applied side included data for patients with infected and non-tumours infected, obtained from (Rizgarry Hospital) and (Nana Kali Hospital) in Erbil have been reached to conclusions that we believe are important and should be noted by health providers.

The Islamic Law has not generally decreed rules and adjudications without being fully supported by a thing which guarantees both the achievements of the goals and the human’s commitment to such adjudications as well. Accordingly the legislation involves original judgments clarifying the rights and duties as well as organizing the man’s relation with God , himself and other people as well. It also includes supportive judgments protecting the original judgments. Supportive judgments are divided into two types: reinforcement supportive judgment and terroristic supportive judgments. Terroristic supportive judgments is also subdivided into punitive and civilized. The physical , mental and financial punishments can be regarded as punitive supportive judgments. However, cancelling, invalidating, undermining, arresting of judgments and returning rights to other people can be considered as civilized supportive judgments.
The Islamic doctine have actually different views regarding the concept of cancellation or corruption. Advocates of a doctine believe that the two concepts are synonyms, while followers of other doctrines differentiate between them. The Hanafees, for example, think both concepts are synonyms in issues related to worships and marriage, while they differ in issues related to businesses in respect of the causes and the results.
This paper consists of an introduction, a preface , two chapters and a conclusion . The preface deals with the legislative supports in terms of encouragements and warnings having direct relations with the falsity and corruption. The first chapter studies the two concepts: falsity and corruption. It also includes some points of similarities and differences between them supported by some juristic examples. The second chapter states the explanation of the judgments related to the falsity such as the causes and the results . It also includes characteristics of the falsity in judgments. The paper ends with a conclusion in which some important points are concluded.

This study is an attempt to tackle The Kurdish grammar lesson for example Kurdish language and literature books in The following secondery stage(seven, eight, and nine) are chosen for this study. The sample of the study is derived from verbs.Verbs are paid the attention as it was comprehensively assessed in each the books like seven, eight, and nine. Additionally, verbs were treated in book seven as language material and a part of speech. In book eight, they were tackled more thoroughly in terms of grammatical issues. However, in book nine, which is the last book in series, they were worked on as part of a sentence. Consequently, verbs were differently treated for the sake of enabling the students to understand only. This is confidently due to the real fact that verbs are worth much being considered and put into practical use in educational institutions.

Hajj is one of the five great pillars of holy Islam religion, and it is obligatory once, during the life on those who have money and physical capability, and it includes pillars, duties, the prophetic sunnah and etiquettes. The jurists are differed in the details of the rulings some of them.
Thus, we find Muslims differ in the Hajj season in the performance of this duty, and because our pilgrims represent the reality religious in the region which not controlled in terms of advisory opinion, They differ with each other in controversial issues according to their jurisprudential references, , and this is disturbing the pilgrimage and spread hatred and conflict between pilgrims.
And there are different issues which are not the core of the Hajj, but related to it also became the subject of annually disagreement in the pilgrimage season with the existing technical issues related to the Ministry of Endowment Religious Affairs and which have a role in the differences of occurrence and resolve depending on how the ministry dealt with them, All these issues were discussed in this topic research in three Chapters, each of them contain several branches,
The researcher explained the different issues, the reasons for the differences and the statements of the Jurists 'with the statement of the most correct and the effective solution. He also put forward proposals to the government to take them. The researcher believes that they are capable of limiting these differences and that they make guides, contractors, administrators and other pilgrims at the required level in terms of culture and knowledge of the literature of disagreement and how to deal with controversial issues, and thus represents our Kurdish pilgrims people in the region well represented, and show them a beautiful image among the Muslim peoples of the world in the pilgrimage season.

The aim of the research was to identify the values of some biochemical variables and achievement in 50 m freestyle swimming and compare them between the students of the two colleges of physical education of Salahaddine and koya Universities in 50m freestyle swimming. The researchers hypothesized that there were significant differences in the values of some biochemistry variables and achievement between the students of the colleges of Physical Education, Erbil and Koya in 50 meter freestyle swimming. The research community consisted of two students of the colleges of Physical Education of Salahaddin / Erbil and Koya Universities, Koya on Tuesday, 23/5/2017 in the swimming pool University of Koya and and the students participating in the test of college of Physical Education for the Universities of Salahaddin / Erbil on Wednesday, 24/5/2017 in the swimming pool of the University of Salahaddin / Erbil, which are 8 students and is a sample of the fact that they are good to swim well in the event of 50 meters freestyle swimming. Scientific and technical methods were used to obtain the results of the research variables. (50m) for each swimmer. The biochemical variables and time were studied during 50m freestyle swimming which included (number, length, time, speed, frequency) for the arm cycle of the research sample. The statistical bag used the statistical SPSS program to extract the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, and the statistically calculated value.
The researchers concluded that the students of the college of Physical Education of Salahaddin University were best time in 50 meters freestyle swimming with a mean time of 31,055 seconds than the students of the college of Physical Education at the University of Koya (36.242) seconds.
Most of the biochemical variables studied and compared between the two university students were in favor of the students of the college of Physical Education of the University of Salahaddin.

Praise be to Allah who has blessed us with faith, and has achieved justice in us by saying: "Every soul that has earned a hostage" (Al-Muddathir 38) and guided man to Islam and created in it the consideration and research to be responsible and peace and prayer on the guidance of mankind and the Gardens, Who are responsible for the promotion of virtue and forbidding evil, with justice, wisdom and charity. After:
This research is a modest effort to demonstrate the influence of faith through the rules and ideas conveyed in the messages of light to individuals, families and society to establish the sense of responsibility in man and to carry the divine trust in all aspects of life and hostile matters. Through letters of light). It is divided into an introduction and three investigations and conclusion, as the introduction of the reasons for selectionThe title of the research and plan, and then come the four mabahith as follows:
The first topic: the relationship of man to faith and responsibility in the messages of light, in two demands: First: the principle (responsibility) in the Koran and Sunnah. While the second: human and responsibility in the letters of light.
The second topic: Types of responsibilities in the letters of light in two demands: First: responsibility to the great Creator. The second is responsibility towards creatures.
While the third topic addresses the statement: the sense of responsibility (its components and constraints) in the messages through two requirements:
The first: the factors that strengthen the sense of responsibility in the letters light, and the second: the obstacles to the sense of responsibility.
Finally, the fourth topic: The Normative rules in the jurisprudence of responsibility and models in it, as well as in two demands: First: the rules of Nuria in reaching a sense of responsibility. The second: models of the jurisprudence of responsibility in letters.
Then conclude the research with a conclusion in which the most important conclusions, asking God to be useful and calamity and the reason of guidance and reconciliation of God Almighty, which is the conciliator of the right.

The process formula of any taken decisions are the basic tasks carried out by the management of any economic entity, whether short-term or long-term decisions to achieve a goal or set of goals. This research focuses on short-term decisions belongs to some cases which are faced to organizations such as make-buy or accept-reject decision under lean accounting environment using value stream costing (VSC) as an acceptable approach by many international companies because of its ability to provide appropriate, accurate and fairness data than the traditional approach which is analysis the costs into fixed and variable costs (favorable and unfavorable costs) to make those decisions. The most important conclusions founded by this research is all managerial decisions that are taken depending on the traditional approach are misleading and inaccurate, while if the organizations took these decisions under lean accounting environment a better results will be achieved and will be in their own interest, the most important recommendations of this research is all organizations must follow and apply lean accounting and it’s tools for the purpose of manage costs and short-term managerial decisions as long as using this approach achieves better result than the traditional approach.

The theme of this research is poetry, novel mixing in the novel poetic in literature Kurdish and novel capillary (gorstani chrakan) a "graveyard torch" model of the poet Sherko bekes, who was born in Sulaimaniya, the son of the great Kurdish poet –faiq bekes revolutionary fighter and poet to hold the twenties in the last century, content search consists of two sections Conclusion sources, the first section of the three branches SECTION II history of the novel capillary is composed, the first branch of the definition of the novel poetic in concept and in terms of composition of the term, the world's Russian writer and poet "Pushkin" the first of the books "Agevina Ongen" the year of 1876 and the Arab level Egyptian poet and writer yachts where he wrote "The Dragon" in 1985 and the Kurdistan southern level novel poetic "Ziywan" the writer of the Kurdish "sebah Ranjdr" in June 1988 and the poet Sherko Bekes wrote in the year 1996 "GORSTANI CHRAKAN" and "Xach u Maru Rojmery sha,re"the third section contains the common points and different points between the novel poeticand Verse novel, The second section consisted of two first branch conversion terms and provisions of the novel capillary to the novel, sect converting the first section of the novel poetic" Gorstani chrakan"to the novel
The research of two sections, First research consists of three branches, the first branch method mental state of verse novel , and method research some of the history of verse novel from the warld , and Section II consists of method.
The stanza most specifically associated with the verse novel is the Onegin stanza, invented by Pushkin in Eugene Onegin. It is an adapted form of theShakespearean sonnet, retaining the three quatrains plus couplet structure but reducing the metre to iambic tetrameter and specifying a distinct rhyme-scheme: the first quatrain is cross.

The paper consists of introduction, preface and three interlocutors. In the introduction, the originality of the comparison trends in old and modern Arab criticism has pointed out, while the preface deals with the concepts of personification and comparison in the critical and rhetorical perspective and Al-Ma'ri’s influences by al-Mutanabi in philosophical thinking and poetic art. Then the three interlocutors , namely, the essence of the research is devoted to the rhetorical and critical comparisons of the two poets within time frame, namely (days and ages), (days and night ), and(days and world ). There is no doubt that there is interaction between the vocabulary of the interlocutors with each other, and some of the vocabulary and title of the research, but the title of the research and its scientific framework impose on researchers such a configuration,as the textual treatment in the content of the paper intercedes this distribution

Public borrowing is one of the main instruments of fiscal policy through its significant impact on the distribution of the financial burden among the groups of society and on the pattern of distribution of national income. The importance of the research lies in the fact that it focuses on highlighting the limits of the external borrowing of the Republic of Iraq. The problem of the research lies in the existence of determinants limiting Iraq\'s ability to resort to foreign public borrowing, while it aims to measure the effect of these determinants on Iraq\'s ability to resort to external public borrowing. The research reached a set of results and conclusions, and some suggestions. The results indicated a positive relationship between external public debt and GDP per capita. There is an inverse relationship between external public debt and interest rates, which means that debt can’t be serviced. The research suggested facilitating and alleviating debt rescheduling and making the public debt service relatively reasonable.

This research is dealt with the Economic crisis Solution ,through the story of Joseph son of Jacob (peace be upon him ) with king of Egypt.
There no doubt, human societies they face the economic crisis, affecting the different aspects, and life in the community, the purpose of the prophets of God, the people happiness in the life before death. The prophets task and as a duty are treating and solving the problem of their society , so they tried to find out the appropriate solution for them and this is their aim.
Here the Prophet Joseph was in the prison – the Dream presented to him in three different stages . After thinking of the prophet Joseph about . He know that the Economic problem will face certainly , but starts with seven years with good agricultural production . They should prepare themselves for the Next and future by the period of seven years fertilization first and get benefit in these period to facing the Economic crisis .
The study's aspects is , the definition of Economic crisis , what is the responsibility of the leader , followers and scientists for facing the Economic trouble in the society . so what is the characteristics of suitable man to manage the crisis and how to plan to against it. .

The weak self-conception of female students leads to a weakening of their learning motivation, especially second-stage students, and probably the reason for lack of attention from the psychological aspect in general, as well as the absence of qualitative lectures or the use of cognitive guidance in the development the concept of academic self-reliance of female students in learning and developing the theoretical and practical aspect, and that is why we see a dearth of students they have a desire to learn, so it's important to have a level of academic self-understanding and learning. Where these two variables have been shown to be weak, the researchers have therefore built a cognitive demonstration programme to raise these two variables, as the lack of attention to the psychological aspect science and precision leads to a growing positive aspect of the behaviours desired by the students and the interest of studying and relying on the. The aim of the research is therefore to develop a cognitive orientation curriculum in the learning motivation and academic concept of the experimental group of second-stage students at the Faculty of Physical Education, Salah Eddin University, Erbil. And also to know the level of the motivation of learning and the concept of self the academic of the two groups, the pilot, and the identification of the differences between the tribal and the other tests and the test. Two dimensions of research variables for second-stage students at the Faculty of Physical Education-Salah Eddin University-Erbil. The researchers used the experimental curriculum to measure the concept of academic self and learning motivation, and the research sample was made up of female students second in the Faculty of Physical Education-Salah Eddin University-Erbil as the Application sample (24) Female student and the Reconnaissance sample (5) Students The persistence sample has reached 8 students and the sample application has been divided into two trial and pilot groups for each group 12 students then the researcher applied the Cognitive mentoring programme to the members of the experimental group and 12 students.
The researchers used the two research tools: (the measure of the academic self-conception) and (The Learning motivation measure). In order to achieve the objectives and research assumptions, the data were statistically processed, where the researcher used the appropriate statistical means: statistical pouch. The SPSS program. The researcher reviewed her findings after the statistical analysis of the research data as well as the discussion according to the research objectives, and researchers have concluded that the guiding methodology of the researchers has a clear impact on the improvement of the learning motivation and concept in the experimental group of students of the second stage of the Faculty of Physical Education, Salah Eddin University, Erbil. The study demonstrated the superiority of the pilot group in the teaching staff and the academic concept of students for the second-stage students of the Faculty of Physical Education-Salah Eddin University-Erbil.
In the light of these findings, the researchers have made a number of recommendations, including the possibility of benefiting from the knowledge-based curriculum of the current study to assist female students sports education at the University of Salah al-Din, in the development of the learning motivation and the concept of academic self-esteem in order for the academic side to evolve and push them towards learning better. and attention to the need to use cognitive guidance skills and expertise by paying attention to more positive ideas for problem solving. And the application of cognitive guidance by professors of mathematical psychology through the organization of educational lectures on the concept of the academic self and the motivation of learning to raise awareness and contribute to the strengthening of the university student's personality.

This research entitled (criticism of psychological criticism of Kurdish poetry) critical review of the master's literature presented to the Kurdish departments in the universities of Iraq and the Kurdistan region. This study comes as a critique of criticism to reveal the extent of critical discourse in critical criticism of the Kurdish academic letters of the Masters for the period 1988-2000.
The research includes two topics: first, the researcher spoke about the principles and foundations of psychological criticism, while the researcher assigned the second subject to evaluate the messages Masters in this regard, to show how to attend the terms of psychological criticism in the messages mentioned.

Metaphorical cognition arises from the mapping of two conceptual domains onto each other, Based on the theory of conceptual metaphors, the present study aims at analyzing the metaphorical use of spatial prepositions in Sorani Dialect weekly press Although it is often thought that the metaphorical uses are idiomatic, the researchers suggest that some of the spatial prepositions retain their meaning metaphorically under a non-spatial relation stressing that the use of non-spatial prepositions is only a relative semantic change and is therefore a limited aspect of the spatial prepositions.

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a powerful tool for analyzing data. The other main advantage of PCA is that once you have found these patterns in the data, and you compress the data by reducing the number of dimensions, without much loss of information. It has been called one of the most valuable results from applied linear algebra. It is used abundantly in all forms of analysis - from neuroscience to computer graphics - because it is a simple, non-parametric method of extracting relevant information from confusing data. In fact, pollution the environment in our society is a huge problem which needs to solve and determine the reasons, here taking two different samples from Salahaddin University (students, lecturers) of all colleges, this research takes the negative points or gathers the ideas which helps to build a healthy environment in which you can live in without any hesitation, used the stratified sample in this research by questionnaire form for collecting information. Later PCA has been applied as a tool to analyzing the data and this application has been found to be a successful in this area because we reached to the most important result, the first component of the two levels has (7) common variables and it is usually explained the largest part of the variance in the analyzing, it shows us the convergence of intellectual awareness on campus the university against environmental pollution in the region.

The first store opening of Carrefour supermarket in 2010 in Family mall was a new era of the professional retail industry in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Since then the ever increasing competition in the industry has prompted retail firms to be determined and ensure satisfaction of customer needs and wants more effectively than their competitors. In other for these retail firms to succeed in this ever increasing competitive market, they employ a lot of different promotional tools to attract and retain their customers. One of the most commonly used promotional tools is sales promotion which provides incentives to customers or to the distributor channel to stimulate demand for a product such as buy one get on free, discount coupons, membership programs, broachers, free samples and etc. This study is aimed at assessing the role sales promotion play in influencing the consumer buying behavior of Carrefour supermarket customers. A non-probability sampling technique was used for the study and the sample 150 participants were selected from a population of the supermarket customers in Tablo mall located in Erbil city. A five point Likert scale questionnaire was used in acquiring the respondent’s information. The questionnaires were analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. The study indicated significant influence of sales promotion on consumer buying behavior. The research consequently recommended that, supermarkets need to undertake regularly sales promotion activities to ensure constant influence on their patrons.