journal of kufa studies center

The judicial system in every country must provide the litigants with means to appeal against the rulings, in order to reach the correction of the mistake they contained, before they become the title of the truth, and prevent the dispute from being brought before the judiciary again. Judges may deviate from the seriousness of the truth, or because of their lack of attention to the scrutiny of the facts, or because of their lack of familiarity with the rules of the law and how to apply them, and it is dangerous to leave the litigants to bear the consequences of all this, without opening the way for them to reach the protection of themselves from this danger. The opportunity to re-enter the dispute after it has been resolved by a higher court to decide it again.

This research includes a statement of the critical criterion of Abu Hilal al-Askari in the book Diwan al-Ma'ani, and the revelation of a number of critical rulings that he called on the poetry of the Arabs, and the focus of the research was on the "plagiarism" that increased in intensity in the era of Abu Hilal al-Askari in the fourth century AH, as there was a great change in the special terms in theft, as al-Askari used the term "taking" instead of the term "thefts" that were common in his time and the era before him .

The affirmation of the nominal sentence in the Razavi newspaper was given with several tools, namely (an, and), lam al-initi, the pronoun of the separation, and the prepositions (no, kaf, b), as well as the affirmation in the minor, and the affirmation was not mentioned in (oath, or conditional), and the two letters of warning (ala, um), and the prepositions (ma, min), and it is noted that the most prominent presence of the two instruments (an, n) was mentioned in (one hundred and thirty-seven) places and were not mentioned to confirm the ruling and deny it or deny it often, because it is not It is commensurate with the position of the supplicant and the invited, and its mention is to confirm the content of the sentence or the acknowledgment according to what is required by the maqam of supplication.

The Holy Qur'an is a discourse of guidance and guidance for man, and it is the enduring miracle and ensured in its knowledge system the building of man in every situation, time and place, as it contains the principles of literature, ethics and sciences in various fields of life and society, and he has drawn for him the path that leads him to the farmer in this world and the hereafter if he follows him and follows his guidance, he mentioned the goal and explained the ways to reach this goal. "And this path that contains suffering constantly assumes a path inevitably, the walk towards a goal inevitably assumes an extended path This path is what the noble verses have spoken about in various places in the Holy Book under the name of the path of Allah, the name of the Path of Allah, and the name of the Path of Allah. The research was divided into two demands, the first dealt with man in language and idiom, while the second dealt with the historical course of the concept of the perfect man.

The Sultanate of Oman witnessed a pivotal and important political change in 2020, which was represented by the death of Sultan Qaboos bin Said and the assumption of the Sultanate by Sultan Haitham bin Tariq as his successor, and there are challenges that may face the new Sultan Haitham bin Tariq, and this challenge lies in the extent of Sultan Haitham's desire to maintain the policy of positive neutrality and the difficulty in conducting politics in light of the complexity of the political system in the Arab countries. In addition to the economic situation in the Sultanate of Oman.
Therefore, in this research, we will review the features of the internal and foreign policy under the rule of the new Sultan Haitham bin Tariq, in addition to reviewing the possible future scenarios of the nature of that policy, as well as the features and challenges that may face the new Sultan Haitham bin Tariq, whether they are internal or external challenges, in addition to reviewing the future scenarios of the foreign policy of the Sultanate of Oman under the new Sultan Haitham bin Tariq.

Appealing in the interest of the law is one of the legal methods of appeal or important principles that aim to protect the law and prevent its penetration through clear judicial rulings and decisions that contain a violation and violation of the law, as it allows the Public Prosecution or the Public Prosecution under the different names of this body in the various legal systems to challenge judicial rulings and decisions that affect or contravene the law in general and have not been challenged by the concerned or interested parties, in order to protect the public interest or as it is called. The interest of the law without exceeding the purpose of this appeal is to achieve an individual or personal interest of persons, and the Iraqi legislator has taken this appeal and applied it to ordinary lawsuits at the beginning, based on the repealed Public Prosecution Law No. 159 of 1979 and its amendments that referred to this appeal, and after the enactment of the Public Prosecution Law No. 49 of 2017 in force, this appeal is practiced before the administrative judiciary and in administrative cases, whenever its conditions and legal reasons stipulated by the law are met.

Among the most common means of national governmental mechanisms for the protection of human rights are:
- Judicial mechanism and constitutional courts
–Mechanism of specialized bodies established as a basis for human rights monitoring and oversight functions
–Diplomatic Protection Mechanism
The most important guarantees of individual rights and freedoms are submission to the law and equality of rights and freedoms among individuals, as well as the guarantee of the right to litigation, as a natural human right, which is one of the highest constitutional principles that cannot be infringed.
The researchers concluded that one of the guarantees of human rights and fundamental freedoms is the improvement and increase of production, in order to provide a minimum of ease in the economic-cultural life of the individual, and therefore individuals should be educated on freedom through the development of a curriculum that ensures the formation of liberal mindsets capable of forming an independent and informed opinion.

The research focused on the political and social positions of Mr. Hassan al-Qabanji at a stage in Iraq's modern history through his critical political speeches, which were a major reason for his arrest several times by the previous governments of Iraq, represented by the monarchy and the republican rule, and the impact of these words on the reality of life in Iraq.

The research included three university theses issued by Iraqi universities, which are as follows:
• (The Ills of Qur'anic Expression According to Imam Saeed Al-Nursi (d. 1379 AH / 1960 AD) in 2002
• (The Causes of Qur'anic Expression in the Verses of Injustice: A Study in the Light of the Linguistics of the Text) 1438 - 2017
• (The Causes of Qur'anic Expression in the Book of Fath Al-Rahman by Revealing What is Ambiguous in the Qur'an by Zakaria Al-Ansari (d. 926 AH)) 1439 - 2017
Their order was according to the chronological order, where the research mentioned the merits of these letters and the researcher's creativity in mentioning grammatical, rhetorical, semantic and morphological topics while mentioning examples from the Holy Qur'an and extracting the cause of words by reciting them in a certain place without other words that lead to the same meaning, as well as the researcher's creativity in mentioning the opinions of ancient scholars or using various interpretations .

This study aimed to identify the nature of the relationship between the capital structure and the financial performance of the commercial banks in the study sample, which is listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange.
The problem of the study was embodied in the following questions:
1. What are the methods used by Islamic banks in formulating their capital structure?
2. Is there a significant impact of the capital structure on the bank's financial performance?
Three of the most important indicators expressing the capital structure (independent variables) were used, namely (Total Liabilities to Equity, Total Liabilities to Total Assets, Equity to Total Assets) and three indicators of banking financial performance (dependent variables) represented by (Return on Equity Rate, Return on Assets, Share of Net Profits), and two Iraqi Islamic banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange were selected as a sample for the study.

The international energy market occupies great importance at the international level in general and in international economic relations in particular, because of its sources of conventional energy (oil, gas, coal, nuclear energy) and unconventional energy (heavy oil, shale oil, unconventional gas... etc.) and renewable energy (solar, wind, ocean, geothermal heat, bio-attrition), so we note that many industrialized countries have increased their demand for these sources in light of international crises. On the one hand, and on the other hand, the repercussions of the Corona pandemic had great economic repercussions that affected all countries of the world and imposed strict measures such as lockdown, social distancing and quarantine, and this revealed the ineffectiveness of global health systems in confronting this pandemic, which left serious effects that resulted in large losses at the international level and at the level of all economic sectors, such as the decline in global economic growth, GDP, and the deterioration of most government budgets.

Delinquency, criminality and deviance, which is what the Islamic Shari'ah ensured first by providing care, protection and prevention to this small human being and formulating it in a correct Islamic formulation, in order to preserve and maintain him from all pollutants, calamities and obstacles that may come in his way, and it began with this formulation since he was a fetus in his mother's womb, a wean, then a child, then a teenager, then a young man, and then a man in whom the characteristics of manhood have been completed, and because the beginning lies in it what foretells the end, hence the This great interest in this event before it was born, which preceded the Islamic Shari'a and other positive laws that tried to deal with juvenile crimes, after their occurrence, by enacting corrective and corrective measures aimed at caring for juveniles and reforming them through the elements they entail to achieve this goal.

The research came to show the most important linguistic features addressed by Arab linguists, which are consistent in their contents with what contemporary linguists have reached, in terms of their definition of the concept of language and its study according to the data of the descriptive method, as they researched the most important linguistic phenomena at the level of phonetic, morphological, syntactic, lexical, and semantic, and language teaching and acquisition, and studied the relationship of pronunciation with meaning, sign, sign arbitrariness, and the relationship of language to society, and the research started from a problem, namely the investigation of the treatment of linguistic phenomena by the ancient Arab linguistic heritage, in the light of Contemporary Western linguistics.

In this study, we sought to search for the duality of reconciliation and conflict with the age in the poetry of (Abu Muslim Al-Bahlani) by tracing each of these two relationships, to find out the reasons that led to the poet's reconciliation with the age at times, and his struggle with it at other times, by interrogating the poetic texts and exploring their depths, according to the descriptive-analytical method with the help of the thematic method, to divide the relations of reconciliation and conflict according to the themes, and we paid attention to three forms in which the relationship between the poet's reconciliation with the age was manifested: The first is the image of pure time that does not provoke any reaction, the second is the image of the positive actor that causes satisfaction and pleasure, and the last is the image of the negative actor that causes patience and humility, and we dealt with the relationship of (Abu Muslim) conflict with the age, and we explained the reasons for the different degrees of that conflict and its connection to the psychological aspect of the poet, and we revealed three images that formed the conflict with the age: the first is the negative description, the second is the complaint, and the last is the confrontation. The research was divided into an introduction and three axes: the relationship of reconciliation with the age, the relationship of conflict with the age, and the transformations of conflict from complaint to confrontation.

This study dealt with the method of (contradiction) in the poetry of (Sheikh Kazim Al-Azri), which was one of the stylistic dominances within his poetic texts, and it was found that the style of contradiction and dissonance between the connotations was clearly apparent and great, and in all its sections, including: The apparent, the hidden, and the opposite, with the positive contradiction prevailing over the negative.

The research deals with the theories of the civil state, as the civil state consists of four theories, and it is considered one of the most important contemporary theories in the forward jurisprudence, and each theory has foundations and rules on which it is based, some of which are agreed upon between these theories and some of which are different, and we have shown this, as well as the ways of changing each of these theories in case they are changed.

The purpose of the research is to identify the concept of performance, interpretation and interpretation and the difference between them, and to know the hermeneutic performance, and the importance of the research comes to the relationship between performance and interpretation because the hermeneutic performance is the distraction of the word from the most likely meaning to the likely meaning of a guide that is associated with it, and this imposes the existence of ambiguity in the religious text that necessitates this, and the importance of the research comes to know the difference between interpretation and interpretation, and to explain the meaning of each of them in linguistic dictionaries and jurisprudential conventions. The research problem lies in the following question: What is performance, interpretation and interpretation? What is the difference between them? For the purpose of answering the main question, the researcher divided the research into three topics: the first topic studied performance, interpretation and interpretation and the difference between them, the second topic studied interpretation in language and idiom, while the third topic studied the relationship between interpretation, interpretation and the conditions of interpretation, and the research reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: The wording of the text must be interpretable as it appears, and not interpreted or arbitrated, and there must be evidence to support the correctness of the text's shift from its apparent meaning to the possible referential meaning.

The city centers in the world are a measure of their excellence and centers of the aspirations and desires of society, and they have always been and still are the beating heart of them, they are the center of economic, social and religious activities, and the spread of the car and its frequent use have taken the main role in the transportation movement and have left pedestrians with only narrow roads, so it is necessary to pay attention to adapting and adapting the city center to the pedestrian and pedestrian movement and providing them with security in their movement through the city center and its streets. The research hypothesis is that proper planning of transportation in the center of religious cities achieves security for residents and visitors in the old city, and the purpose of the research is to provide safe and effective movement in the center of the holy city of Karbala, and the practical aspect represents transportation in the center of the city of Karbala and the problems facing the center such as the lack of organized parking and the lack of planned public transportation, so solutions to these problems must be developed to organize transportation in religious centers.

This research deals with an important aspect of the Arab heritage that Arab fingers (Sheikh Al-Waeli) has excelled, and it is the poetic aspect that is still unknown to him, as it needs further study and research, as this research is an attempt to reveal the linguistic and textual issues in his poem (The Fedayeen Work) to show the linguistic beauty in the poetic discourse for the purpose of influence and persuasion, because of the organized meanings of his discourse. The result was that the discourse has a verbal practice that takes a structure and inferential methods that compel the recipient to acquiesce and accept the opinions through his use of meanings, and he notices the diversity in the connotations of the discourse to reach the desired goal, with different meanings, all of which aim at the intended discourse .

This research aims to study a morphological phenomenon that existed in the poetry of the poet Ibrahim Al-Yazji, namely (the significance of the structures of the masses and the forms of their use in the poetry of Al-Yazji), as the poet was keen to use them extensively in his poems, and perhaps for many reasons, including psychological that reflected the psychological dimensions in the poet's consciousness, and other artistic dimensions, as he employed these groups in an expressive semantic employ, and in harmony with the maqam in which they were said, so that the plural forms of their various types came as an honest expression of what is mixed in his heart and mind.