AL-Mawrid Journal

This research emphasizes the need to visualize the rhetorical research methodology since it differs from one researcher to another, according to the goal it envisages; and also varies from one stage of time to another according to the critical and rhetorical issues that arise in one era alone, and according to the progress of linguistic and human sciences and the imposition of keeping pace with the level of curriculum development. Therefore, there is no curriculum that is a standard that must be adhered to and invoked in all the stages that rhetorical authorship has gone through, but it is unfair to measure the ancient rhetoric works with the scale of modern curricula. Each age has its own nature, specificity and methodology.
There is a kind of overlap between the previous classifications of rhetorical research methods at the level of the criteria adopted in the division, and this leads to:
A - The difficulty of decisiveness in the classification of some of the rhetorical works proposed by the same researcher and rather when some or most of them, you find him talking about one book belongs to this curriculum or that school, and at the same time belongs to another curriculum, and you also find overlap in the classification of some authors who mix between two types of proposed curricula.
B- We notice the lack of coordination and cooperation at the level of research on this subject among modern scholars, and therefore these attempts remained individual based on personal diligence.

This research presents a desire to shed light on the personality and views of a world of Andalusian grammarians, he has never been written, but conveyed his views orally from his scientific meetings. He is ABulhasan Aldabbaj, Ashbaily, Andalusian,
Perhaps the following research words reserved for us what distinguishes the views of man in the bottom of some books, and it may be a first step for subsequent steps, to remove the lid on more about the man thought, and opinions.
The researcher began by giving him details about the life of Aldabbaj with its different aspects, then presented to the views of the objectively discussed, finally he concluded a set of his findings.

It is no secret to those who know the journeys of the importance of historical, cultural and planning as it helps researchers to know the conditions of the country that I wrote the journey about and talked about, and important journeys to Baghdad, two beautiful journeys, one in the seventh century AH and the other in the eighth century AH, a journey of Ibn Jubayr and the journey of Ibn Battuta, These two journeys concerned Baghdad and its urban and historical conditions, so they dealt with important topics in Baghdad, its markets, mosques, railways and shops, and it is known that this is a strategic importance that researchers benefit.

This study of applied studies grammatical synthetic semantic in one of the poetic purposes of the Abbasid poet Abu Nawas, a reproach, it mixes between grammar and semantic types: lexical, contextual and rhetorical, and did not precede this study any study bearing the title of reproach when Abu Nawas, neither in literature books, nor in an independent study. This study tries to show the attributive relationships in the nominal and actual sentences, then analyze these relationships and analyze the vocabulary, and indicate the reservoirs of proficiency in the employment of language and its connotations to serve the purpose of reproach.

The science of meanings - among the sciences of rhetoric - received special attention from the scientists of this art, because it is the most important science for them, and this is the motivation to single out the science of meanings in this research, a research that follows the historical method, as it would not bring the new, but its purpose is approximation, summary and clarification, to be an entrance for those who want to understand this science and be engaged with it.
We have divided it into; an introduction, preamble, three sections and a conclusion, in the introduction statement of motivation, methodology, goal and sections of research, and in the preamble a brief look at the phases of the first rhetoric until it took over its market. The first section is a statement of the emergence of semantics and writings in it. The second section stipulates the definition of semantics, its subject, status and usefulness. The third section monitors the terminology of semantics, methods and sections. Then a conclusion concludes with the most important findings and recommendations.

The research came to prove that the Andalusian poet Ibn Khafaja suffered from the state of sadness for quite a while, as he was in the age of his life wearing the apparel of sadness and pain for many reasons that may have led him to unnatural states that no reasonable person can take side with.
The research confirmed that he had a state of sadness by observing its various phenomena, which were clarified by poetic evidence that speaks of what he was suffering in his life, supported by detailed study and analysis.

Our interest in the specificity of Al-Hallaj's Sufi experience falls in the context of shedding light on the nature of the dialectical context in which Sufi thought emerged, and dismantling the thinking mechanisms that directed Al-Hallaj towards Sufi thought as a creative movement and an expression of the individual's position on the universe and existence and an individual path between God and the Sufi, It is also a jihad against injustice and tyranny in the soul and in society, and from this point of view we tried to read the texts of Al-Hallaj and the formats that produced a special reading as a cultural case, and Al-Hallaj's representations of divine love were our way to dig into the deep structures of this experience and reveal the implicit patterns hidden behind the aesthetics of his texts.
. He provided a unique view of divine love, longing and love different from those common in the perception of the ancients, and thus acquired the love of Al-Hallaj a spirituality that separated him from the body and his longing movement to be associated with the spirits of light, The subject of this love is infinite and imperceptible, which is the secret of existence, and accordingly Al-Hallaj was accused of solutionism, and that Al-Hallaj's attainment of the highest status of cosmic consciousness as satisfaction with the truth and unity with him is the state of pure love and the ecstasy of monotheism.

This paper aims to reveal the pioneering role played by commentators and those working in miraculous studies and Quranic sciences in general, in establishing a linguistic theory in the Arab-Islamic heritage, through tremendous and diverse efforts that have been active since the third century AH and rooted later, whose greatest goal was to serve the Holy Qur'an and deliver it to people, and try to control its connotations, Fortifying understanding and interpretation processes in a way that preserves the nation's identity and preserves its faith from the currents of deviation, skepticism and tendentious interpretation. What resulted in pioneering theoretical and applied jurisprudence in dealing with the Arabic language, through investigations in grammar, rhetoric, and linguistic criticism, achieved through two levels of looking at language;
-The first level is the direct standard language level or the base and origin level,
-The second level, which is the level of aesthetic language or indirect second language, or the level of branch and displacement.
From both levels, linguistic theory features in the Arab-Islamic heritage can be inspired by the efforts of Qur'anic scholars and commentators, characterized by a degree of flexibility and evolution, and open to accommodating possible human jurisprudence and contributions.

This study seeks to approach (the horizon of expectations) in the poetry of the most prominent poets of Arab poetry in the Umayyad era، namely، Omar bin Abi Rabia، whose appearance on the literary scene was a dangerous turning point in literature، especially flirtatious poetry, as this poet was able to break frameworks and norms that was fixed in the structure of the Arabic poem.
Which is why it is possible to take his poetry as an example of the phenomenon of (breaking the horizon of expectations). In his poetry many aspects embody aesthetic astonishment in the soul of his reader who has a mental system that is rigid from poetry in a way that it is difficult to be deceived.
Although we see that this poetry was represented by the literary audience of that era despite its departure from the prevailing stereotypes and the prevailing system, and perhaps the reason for this is that poetry was on a large aspect of honesty and was a reflection of the character of its writer who lived poetry in life and stance and this is why the audience has absorbed his beauty.

This research presents – in a fulfill way – sentence that comes as a subject or replaces the subject through the scientists words from two sides Historical and the approach side.
Also it gives brief and enough examples which are known to the reader for two reasons; the first is identifying this phenomenon and what scientists has said about it. The second is to stimulate thinking about the approaches of the people who talked about this phenomenon, This research in the sources for the important issue I go with the Kufics and agreed permissible that the subject comes a whole sentence as it comes semi-sentence in many places I mentioned in the evidence and clear evidence that the verb, saying a sentence, but if it is built for the passive sentence be a representative of the subject as stated in the previous evidence as well as the prepositional phrase could be a representative of the subject if the subject is built for the unknown with the presence of the object and as in the aforementioned vision and others.

This research discusses the issue of the interpretation of the rhetorical image in the Holy Qur’an, as it is seen that the interpretation of this image was subject to a rhetorical, pragmatic and argumentative conception that mixed between the horizons of pleasure and persuasion, walking towards an effective vision of the role of rhetorical images within the Qur’anic format. The research took from the interpretations of Badr Al-Din Al-Zarkashi in his book Al-Burhan in the Sciences of the Qur’an as a means to prove the existence of a deliberative argumentative conception comparable to what the West has reached today regarding the argumentation of rhetorical images. This is done through the following axes:
•entrance
• The foundations of Al-Zarkashi's interpretation of the rhetorical image
o Rhetorical image and denominator
o Image and receiver
o Image and argument
• The argumentative deliberative dimension in the interpretation of Al-Zarkashi
o Image environment
o Maqami cognitive condition and interpretation
o Photo and claim
o Image and representation
o Orbital power
• Conclusion

Abstract
This study focused on revealing the weaknesses and strengths in the grammatical structure between the Syriac language and the Arabic language, and these two languages are classified within one linguistic core, and we will show the extent of congruence, difference, and rooting of the actual structure and the nominal structure within the determinants of the sentence. It will be analyzed according to comparative linguistics, with a historical analytical descriptive approach. So, we provided a brief overview of the importance of working in comparative linguistics, characterizing the Syriac language and its connection to the Arabic language, and the importance of comparative linguistics in standing on analytical results that researchers and specialists have come to interpret synthetic phenomena in an accurate scientific way. It lies in his ability to transgress, oblige, and attach within the components of the Syriac and Arabic sentence. As for the second requirement, we examined the noun and the synthetic problems that revolve around it, represented in its development in terms of action, stagnation, and its performance in sentence systems and their connotations. It will be a quantum leap in the field of comparative linguistics, which has been hostage to the historical approach in describing the linguistic situation for decades.

In this research, we studied the method of prohibition and its tools in Semitic languages. This is one of the grammatical styles shared by the Semitic language group. This study focused mainly on the study of the grammatical tools used in this method, as it was studied in four Semitic languages that were the subject of the research, namely (Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac, and Akkadian).

Poetry is the Diwan of the knowledge of the Arabs and recorded their exploits, feats and days, and everything related to their lives, the poetry that preceded Islam was narrated orally, so much of it was lost, and when the novel moved to the writing stage, the scholars began narrators to make poetry collections for poets, as well as groups and enthusiasms, I would like to point out a very important point that the poetry collections that have reached us do not represent everything that the poets said, but are choices according to the opinion of the scientist who made the Diwan, and this is evidenced by the appearance of Mustadrakat on all manuscript collections, in addition to the appearance of tails on the manuscripts, and this confirms that the manuscript collections are choices from the poets\' poems, And not all that they said, so we found some narrators in the groups and others cite a section of a particular poem, and another scientist comes, and cites another section of the same poem, and this has happened a lot in the groups and enthusiasms, as I found scattered poems. This research has been concerned with the achievement of scattered poems, and reunited from the sources and Almazan and collected in one Boudaqa, and made of them fabricated poem, I say fabricated, because they were arranged in a way that may not match the order of the poet, was relying on the researcher\'s diligence, opinion and understanding of them.

Catching up on the Diwans is of great importance, because it is a link and a sequel to the Diwan (Al-Mustadrak) Al-Muntaq, benefiting its investigator or publisher, as well as those who aspire to re-investigate, on the first novel, or combination, on the second novel, as well as benefiting the researcher who wishes to cite his poetry in order to study the biography of the poet himself from his poetry, or to research a specific artistic or historical issue, and it is natural that this is only done if the investigator, critic or researcher is fully aware of what is issued by the printing presses, and the manuscripts contained in libraries.

This research deals with eight (Diwans) I had special attention, investigation or redress, in different periods, and I have seen – after submission of each of them – arranged on the years and deaths of their owners, and the inclusion of poems Almstdruk according to the letters of the dictionary, with proof of its seas, and the statement of the difference of narrations between the sources reported
And thank God.

The sciences varied and their scientific colors and forms of knowledge differed since their inception, due to their different purposes in the study of the Book of God Almighty, so they were between linguistic, grammatical, interpretative, jurisprudential, doctrinal, theological, fundamentalist, and so on, and linguistic works had a share of them; Because of its great importance at all levels of knowledge, as a student hardly continues to refer to it, and benefit from its material in explaining the semantics of his vocabulary, and revealing the meanings of his words.
The book of Yaa in our hands is the last letter of the dictionary of "sources of Language", by Abu Jaafar Ahmed bin Ali Al-Bayhaqi from the pioneering scholars of the sixth century AH is a great scientific product, and a great cognitive legacy, as well as being an advanced link of lexical classification episodes among the Arabs, as it is one of the contemporaries of Jarallah Al-Zamakhshari ‹ 538 AH ›, and other distinguished scholars at the time.
In order to highlight this great effort in the scientific community, so that those who do not have knowledge of it can see it, and benefit those who need it, I decided to publish this little bit of its material, in addition to benefiting from what I achieved from it in scientific promotion, and God is the guardian of success.