iklil for Humanity Studies

The Companion Al-Rabi' bint Mu'awwadh Al-Ansariyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) is one of the noble female Companions who distinguished herself by her active participation in the fields of da'wah, jihad, and community service during the era of the Prophet. She grew up in a pious environment of faith and was honored to be in the company of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), receiving knowledge and guidance from him. She contributed to conveying his Sunnah to women, making her a reference in some legal matters. She played a prominent social role in teaching women the rulings of religion and urging them to adhere to Islamic values. She also participated in serving the mujahideen during military campaigns, providing water and treating the wounded, reflecting her practical engagement with the goals of da'wah. She transmitted authentic prophetic narrations that contributed to building legal awareness, serving as a model for Muslim women who combined deep faith with effective da'wah work. Her biography confirms the important role of women in instilling values and spreading knowledge, and demonstrates the comprehensiveness of da'wah participation in early Islamic society. This research seeks to introduce the personality of the noble female companion, al-Rabi' bint Mu'awwadh (may Allah be pleased with her), in terms of her biography, lineage, and status among the female companions. It also highlights her da'wah and educational impact on society.

The research entitled “The foundations and principles laid down by the Holy Qur’an to prevent the occurrence of corruption” dealt with the most prominent features that the Holy Qur’an outlined to confront the scourge of corruption, as corruption is a global phenomenon that has spread in Islamic societies and others. Iraq is part of this society and has been afflicted with this disease, so it was necessary to find a radical solution to confront it.
Because we are an Arab Muslim nation searching for the right solution to confront problems, we must first seek the solution from the Holy Qur’an because it is our eternal constitution.
When referring to the Holy Qur’an, we found that it established an integrated approach to combat this disease from its roots, and this research came to shed light on this successful divine approach.
The research contained an introduction and two sections. In the introduction, we discussed the importance of the topic, its problem, and its objectives.
The first section was an explanation of the concept of corruption and its most prominent types, along with the treatment for it. The second section was an explanation of the foundations and methods laid down by the Holy Qur’an to prevent it from occurring.
The conclusion came with the most prominent results and recommendations, the most prominent of which is the necessity of holding conferences and seminars that highlight the dangers of corruption to society and individuals.

This study, entitled "Verses of Guardianship in the Holy Qur'an: An Analytical Study of the Reasons for Revelation and Their Use in Proving Imamate According to Imami Interpreters," examines in-depth the interpretive, theological, and hadith mechanisms adopted by the Imami school in deriving the doctrine of Imamate as a divine system of leadership after the Prophet (peace be upon him). The study focuses on analyzing the historical and revelational contexts of a group of pivotal verses, most notably the Verse of Notification (al-Ma'idah: 67), the Verse of Guardianship (al-Ma'idah: 55), the Verse of Completion of Religion (al-Ma'idah: 3), and the Verse of Purification (al-Ahzab: 33). The study concludes that the Imami approach does not treat these verses as abstract texts, but rather organically links them to pivotal historical events, such as the Battle of Ghadir Khumm and the event of Imam Ali's (peace be upon him) giving the ring as charity. The study argues that these reasons for revelation are not merely a historical framework, but rather the decisive interpretive key that reveals the specific instances of guardianship, namely the Imams of the Household of the Prophet (peace be upon them). The study also highlights that this argument is supported by a rigorous critical methodology in examining the chains of transmission of the narrations, and by practical testimony from the sayings of the imams themselves. This forms a coherent and multidimensional fabric of argumentation aimed at proving that imamate is a fundamental principle of religion, not merely a political interpretation.

The interpretive criticism of the clear and ambiguous verses among contemporary interpreters is considered one of the important topics in modern Qur’anic studies, as it reflects the development of interpretive thought and the expansion of analytical tools among scholars in the modern era, Contemporary commentators have focused on re-examining the concept of clear and ambiguous verses in light of the development of scientific research methodologies, the multiplicity of intellectual trends, and the interpretive challenges facing the Qur'anic text in contemporary reality. These commentators believe that the distinction between clear and ambiguous verses is not merely a linguistic or rhetorical classification, but rather a key to understanding the Qur'anic methodology in expression and legislation, as it represents The definitive text is the foundation upon which doctrinal and moral understanding is built, while the ambiguous text is a field for the independent reasoning of minds within the limits of the text and context. This critique in the modern era aims to establish a middle path that combines submission to the text and disciplined independent reasoning in understanding, Addressing inherited interpretations that have been influenced by doctrinal disputes, and employing modern approaches in linguistic and intentional analysis to understand the Holy Qur’an.
Sunni and Shiite interpreters agree on dividing the Qur’an into clear and ambiguous verses, but they differ in their opinions on applying the details of this principle. They believe that the clear verses are the unambiguous texts that do not need interpretation, and the ambiguous texts are those that can have more than one meaning. However, they differ with Sunni interpreters in determining which texts fall under each classification, Imami commentators believe that referring to the Prophetic Sunnah transmitted from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) is essential for understanding the ambiguous verses, as well as the clear ones. Imami commentators emphasize the importance of the clear verses, but they believe that understanding them is not limited to referring to the clear verses alone, as Sunni commentators have done, but rather requires referring to the noble Sunnah The infallible ones (peace be upon them) understand the intended meaning from God Almighty, and they see the reliable interpretation as that which is consistent with the valuable and reliable narrations.

The research problem stems from the pervasive influence of different cultures, customs, and cultural diversity on the behaviors and ethics of our Arab and Islamic societies, due to the scarcity of its causes and its significant repercussions. This gave me the motivation to write my research paper entitled "The Foundations of Fruitful Educational Cultivation: An Objective Study," which aims to highlight behavioral foundations and instill educational values and principles. It is divided into two sections, each containing three points.
As for the first topic: I spoke in it about spiritual and moral planting, and it has three demands. The first: I placed it in the introduction to define the terms of the title. The second: I spoke in it about the faith and doctrinal construction. The third: about psychological and personal preparation, and that the recipient needs psychological care, and the use of means of psychological preparation.
As for the second topic: I talked in it about theoretical and skill-based cultivation, and it also has three demands. The first: I made it about moral and educational construction, and that education is a purposeful process that aims to instill good values. The second: I dealt with the scientific and cognitive building in a gradual manner, and I talked about the phenomenon of the inflation of cognitive and scientific sciences and how to proceed gradually in a way that is appropriate to the learner’s understanding. The third: I touched on the skill-based construction, the development of skills-based education capabilities, and keeping pace with the requirements of the stage.
The aim of this study was to reshape and reconstruct the individual spiritually, behaviorally, and cognitively.
The results were as follows:
1- The primary educational foundation for forming a religious personality is strengthening faith in God Almighty.
2- Understanding behavior, comprehending it, and studying ways to change and modify it are crucial in the process of psychological preparation.
3- Education is a collective process aimed at building and preserving society.
4- Education should be appropriate, adaptive, and responsive to the needs of individuals and society.
5- expansion of cognitive sciences necessitates a comprehensive and appropriate review of students' levels and abilities.
6- Ideal education translates scientific knowledge into practical behavior and ideas into tangible results.
7- We should gradually introduce scientific and cognitive teaching methods that are appropriate to the learner's understanding and intellectual level.
8- Successful education is that which takes into account individual differences and the circumstances of each individual.
Recommendations:
1- Urge relevant authorities to hold scientific conferences and seminars to support and enrich the educational landscape with academic research.
2- Support educational institutions and develop improvement programs and systematic plans to enhance the educational process.
3- Provide curricula with materials and resources that promote practical skills and identify neglected skills.

This research aims to conduct a geographical analysis of the impact of seed purification and treatment technologies on increasing agricultural production and achieving food security in Salah Al-Din Governorate, one of the most important agricultural regions in northern Iraq, particularly known for wheat cultivation. The use of seed purification techniques represents one of the key agricultural innovations that has significantly improved productivity in terms of yield per dunum and overall production quality. These technologies enhance germination rates, reduce seed losses, and strengthen crop resilience against environmental stress.
The study adopts a comprehensive geographical analytical approach, combining the descriptive method to characterize the spatial distribution of agricultural phenomena, the regional method to identify inter-district spatial relationships, and the quantitative method through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial statistical analysis. Field data were obtained from the Salah Al-Din Directorate of Agriculture, supported by farmer surveys and expert interviews to ensure accurate spatial and socioeconomic assessment.
The results revealed that the application of seed purification technologies led to an increase in agricultural production by approximately 22% compared with areas where these technologies were not applied. This improvement in yield efficiency and production quality contributed to achieving a near 99% level of wheat self-sufficiency in the governorate. Furthermore, the study found that human geographical factors had the highest influence on the adoption of these technologies (75%), primarily represented by economic capacity, technical support, and farmer training, followed by natural factors (20%) such as soil, climate, and water resources, and biotic factors (5%) including pests and crop diseases.
The spatial analysis also indicated that the northern and central districts (Tikrit, Baiji, and Al-Alam) recorded the highest adoption rates, while southern districts (Al-Dujail and Tuz Khurmatu) showed limited implementation due to weaker agricultural infrastructure. The study recommends establishing local seed purification plants, expanding agricultural extension and field training programs, and integrating remote sensing and GIS-based monitoring systems to track productivity and plan for sustainable agricultural expansion. Ultimately, the research concludes that the effective application of seed purification technologies serves as a strategic tool to enhance food security and promote rural development across Salah Al-Din Governorate.

This research aims to analyze the geospatial effects of social media use on the mental health of youth in Baghdad Governorate, through a field study that relied on questionnaires distributed to two age groups (15-25 years) and (25-44 years) for the year 2025. The results showed that the younger group tends to use the Instagram application by 28.6%, because of the space it provides for interaction and self-expression, while the older group prefers to use Facebook by 34.1% as a platform for social networking and exchange. Information. Geospatial analysis showed that the highest use is concentrated in urban areas with a high youth density, and that the intensity of use is associated with higher rates of anxiety, depression, and social isolation. Psychological trends among young people also revealed escalating levels of stress and weak real-life relationships, in contrast to an increased desire to learn and develop life skills through digital platforms. The results confirm that moderate and deliberate use of these means contributes to enhancing social interaction and cultural awareness, while excessive use leads to obvious psychological disorders. This necessitates the development of awareness programs and preventive interventions in the Baghdad environment.

The purpose of this research is to identify the fundamental characteristics of Iraq’s demographic reality over a span of 100 years, extending from 1922 — the first year after the establishment of the modern Kingdom of Iraq in 1921, following the Cairo Conference convened by the British Colonial Office to discuss the political future of the former Ottoman provinces after the fall of the Ottoman Empire and its disappearance from the political map of the world.
The study focused on population growth and the increase in population numbers, as well as on the population pyramid, gender composition, and age structure, since population growth and the population pyramid constitute the demographic foundation upon which other population characteristics are based.

The city of Al-Obaidi has evolved along two main trajectories. The first emerged under historical and administrative influences, taking shape in a spontaneous, rural-based pattern around the subdistrict center. Its origins go back to Administrative Resolution No. (460) of 1974, which transformed the village of Al-Obaidi into the administrative center of Al-Obaidi Subdistrict, tasked with overseeing the subdistrict and its surrounding villages, the second trajectory was driven by governmental intervention through urban planning. In the 1980s, a master plan was introduced to establish the residential city of Al-Obaidi, primarily to accommodate state employees, especially those working in industrial facilities such as the phosphate and cement complexes. Over time, this planning initiative led to the spatial integration of the old settlement with the newly planned city, a process reinforced by granting residents ownership of the new housing units. As a result, Al-Obaidi acquired a more urban character aligned with its geographical location, within a comprehensive master plan that unified its old and new parts the process of urbanization that has shaped its architectural, economic, and social profile. Such characteristics have enabled the city to become a focal point of attraction and growth over time, fostering migration and permanent settlement. This trajectory is clearly illustrated in its demographic expansion: from a population of 358 inhabitants in the 1977 census to 2,546 inhabitants by 2024. In parallel with population growth, different forms of urban land use emerged, with residential functions dominating (51%) of the total land use—a direct outcome of the horizontal expansion that characterized the city and its neighboring areas.

Urban agriculture has increasingly gained global attention as an effective approach to enhancing local food security, particularly in cities experiencing rapid population growth and accelerated urban expansion. In this context, this study aims to analyze the role of urban agriculture in the city of Erbil as a strategic option that contributes to strengthening local food security. The study employs a spatial methodology based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to identify and analyze unused rooftops and urban green areas, with the aim of assessing their agricultural potential and their capacity to contribute to food production. It also examines the potential environmental and social impacts of integrating urban agriculture within the urban fabric of the city. The findings indicate that utilizing the available spaces within Erbil can lead to a noticeable increase in food production, enhance environmental sustainability, and support local economic activity, making urban agriculture an important approach for achieving food security in the city, especially in light of limited traditional agricultural lands and the expanding urban footprint.

This study aimed to analyze the shifts in television viewing patterns amid the rise of paid digital platforms, by surveying actual subscribers. It adopted a descriptive methodology and relied on an electronic questionnaire distributed to a purposive sample of 160 participants. The findings revealed a clear preference for series and films, and a noticeable decline in traditional TV viewing due to the flexibility, content variety, and absence of ads offered by digital platforms. Entertainment and technical gratifications were the most fulfilled, while social gratifications were less prominent. The study recommends launching a low-cost national platform that meets local audience needs and supports the delivery of governmental messages through curated content.

This research aims to identify how university students participate in health awareness to reduce drug abuse through digital media sites by revealing the most prominent of these sites that students rely on to spread health awareness and confront the spread of drug abuse. The research concluded with a number of results, the most important of which is that university students use a number of digital platforms such as: (Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, X) to spread health awareness related to the dangers of drug abuse, with a clear preference for using the Facebook platform compared to the rest of the sites The forms of student participation in awareness-raising included discussion and commentary, such as writing articles and awareness-raising content, sharing educational videos, and participating in awareness workshops and seminars. Their participation through posting and commenting was the most common. followed by their sense of responsibility towards it, in addition to the positive interaction and support they receive from others for their posts. The researcher recommended the necessity of utilizing the capabilities of university students and activating their role through training workshops that highlight the importance of digital awareness and train them in creating engaging content. He also called for encouraging aware students who actively participate in raising awareness among community members about the dangers of drugs and drug abuse by honoring them both materially and morally.

The present study aims to explore the impact of social media coverage of suicide on youth behavior in the province of ZiQar. To achieve this objective, the research adopted an analytical descriptive approach and utilized a questionnaire as a tool to collect data and information from a study sample of (200) young males and females in ZiQar province. The results revealed that the widespread use of social media among young people increases their exposure to harmful content, including suicidal material, and that such content has adverse psychological and social effects on social media users. The findings indicated that this content triggers intense feelings of fear, anxiety, and depression, particularly among 48% of the sample who use these platforms for more than 8 hours daily. Moreover, 78% of the participants believe that such content promotes suicide as a heroic solution, thereby threatening both psychological and societal security. The majority of the sample emphasized the urgent need to block content depicting suicide on social media, while also calling for a scientific and responsible discussion of the phenomenon to provide psychosocial support.

The current study aims to identify the nature of the relationship between psychological burnout and self-silencing among the female employees at the University of Basrah, given the direct impact of these variables on professional performance and mental health. The sample consisted of (100) employees selected randomly, and two scales were used after verifying their validity and reliability: the Psychological Burnout Scale (22 items) with a reliability coefficient of (0.83), and the Self-Silencing Scale (18 items) with a reliability coefficient of (0.81). The results showed that the level of psychological burnout was moderate tending toward high, reflecting the exposure of employees to repeated professional and emotional pressures. Likewise, the level of self-silencing was moderate, indicating a relative tendency among some employees to suppress their emotions and avoid conflict. The results also revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between psychological burnout and self-silencing, meaning that increased self-silencing contributes to higher levels of psychological burnout. No significant differences were found attributable to age or marital status. The study recommended activating guidance and training programs that help express the self and manage professional pressures to reduce the manifestations of psychological burnout among employees.

The current study aims to investigate the levels of Fair-Minded and digital ethical awareness among primary school teachers, as well as to examine differences according to gender, male and female, and years of service, less than( 10) years and more than( 10) years, and to determine the extent to which Fair-Minded contributes to predicting digital ethical awareness. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed two scales, the Fair-Minded Scale based on the model by Paul and Elder, finalized with (22) items, and the Digital Ethical Awareness Scale based on the model by Gómez and Yáñez, consisting of (28 )Items. After verifying the psychometric properties of both scales in terms of validity and reliability, the scales were administered to a randomly selected sample of (200) teachers and the data were analyzed using a one-sample t-test, independent-samples t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that teachers’ level of Fair-Minded was moderate while their level of digital ethical awareness was low. With no statistically significant differences in Fair-Minded according to the gender variable, and statistically significant differences in favor of those with longer years of service, and differences in digital ethical l awareness in favor of females, and no statistically significant differences for years of service. It was also found that there is a positive correlation between Fair-Minded and digital ethical awareness, where mental justice contributes approximately (29%) to predicting digital moral awareness, making it a strong predictor. In light of the research findings, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions, including:
• Incorporating specialized training programs on Fair-Mindedness and Digital Ethical Awareness within in-service teacher development plans.
• Integrating topics of Digital Ethical Awareness into teacher education curricula in Faculties of Education and Institutes of Fine Arts.
Suggestions:
• Conducting a study on the relationship between Fair-Mindedness and Digital Ethical Awareness among students at the University of Technology.
• Conducting a study on the mediating role of Digital motivation in the relationship between Digital Ethical Awareness and professional culture among computer teachers in preparatory schools.

The present study aims to identify the effect of the Pentagram Strategy on developing creative writing skills among fourth-grade science students. The researcher adopted the experimental approach and employed a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests. The two research groups were statistically equated in several variables. The experiment was conducted on a sample of (52) fourth-grade literary students selected through a simple random sampling method. Section (B) was assigned as the experimental group, which was taught creative writing using the Pentagram Strategy, consisting of (26) students, while Section (A) represented the control group, which was taught through the conventional method, also consisting of (26) students.
To achieve the research objective, the researcher prepared a list of creative writing skills appropriate for secondary school students and developed an essay-type test comprising (15) items to measure these skills. After administering the creative writing test and statistically analyzing the data, the results revealed a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group. In light of these findings, the researcher recommended incorporating the Pentagram Strategy to enhance students’ creative writing skills and expressive abilities. Furthermore, the study suggested conducting similar research to examine the effectiveness of the Pentagram Strategy in developing other variables such as critical reading and the acquisition of grammatical concepts.

The current research aims to investigate the effect of the “Learn, Understand, Model” strategy on the achievement of sixth-grade primary school students in the Arabic language. To achieve this, the researcher adopted the experimental approach. The research tool was built: a questionnaire consisting of (30) behavioral objectives distributed over the topics to be explained, as well as study plans and a form distributed to the students containing the student’s name, date of birth calculated by day, month, and year, and the parents’ academic achievement. The researcher verified the validity and reliability of the tool. The researcher applied his research to a sample of students at Tariq Al-Taf Primary School in Al-Musayyab District for the academic year (2024-2025). After applying the tool, transcribing the data, analyzing it, and processing it statistically using the Zoom program for social sciences (SPSS

The current research aims to identify the correlational relationship between design thinking and academic achievement among students of the History Department at the College of Education for Humanities, University of Diyala, for the academic year (2024–2025). The researcher adopted the descriptive research method and selected the study sample using stratified random sampling with proportional distribution, totaling (251) male and female students, representing (34.57%) of the original research population, with (115) male and (136) female students. The researcher utilized the scale (Al-Zuhairi, 2022), which was developed based on the theory of (Carlgren & Baggereo, 2016). The scale consists of (69) positive items distributed across nineteen domains. Appropriate statistical methods were applied using the (SPSS) program. The researcher found a positive correlational relationship between design thinking and academic achievement in the study sample.

The research revolves around Saint Augustine’s theory of language، highlighting and emphasizing the key concepts he discussed on this subject. Augustine accorded supreme importance to language، not merely as a means of communication، but as a fundamental instrument for understanding، interpreting، and preserving things through writing. Writing، as a human phenomenon، is considered an essential condition for civilization and the advancement of humanity. Thus، people employed letters by transforming them into symbols and signs to preserve words. Augustine also regarded language as a medium for thought and a vehicle for conveying meanings and emotions to others. For human life، there is no alternative to language; rather، it constitutes a process of self-discovery bestowed by God upon humankind. Moreover، he linked it to signs، which refer to other concepts and objects، thereby enabling us to grasp the nature of the relationship between word and meaning. This does not stop at this point but extends further to the profound connection between language، thought، and memory. Consequently، there is no doubt that language is the mirror of all human intellectual and mental processes. This ultimately led Augustine to associate it with knowledge، for understanding and knowing the world can only be achieved through language.

Najm al-Din Kubra was able to explain the transition from knowledge to existence by explaining the paths, despite their multiplicity, limiting them to three paths: the path of those who deal with transactions, the path of those who practice sports and struggles, and the path of those who journey to God. He explained the number of principles as ten, beginning with repentance and ending with contentment. In his book, Fawa’ih al-Jamal wa Fawa’ih al-Jalal, he explained that the universe is a majesty that opens and a beauty that rejoices.The method is the path, the spiritual test, the struggle, the remembrance, and the fires of the heart, all of which are existential symbols. Color symbols were used to show the stages of knowledge that the seeker has reached. The spiritual test is when you close your eyelids and when you do not see anything, it is because of the darkness of existence.If you wish to see, you must shake off something from your existence, by getting rid of the material attachments that are not completely separated from you except by death. But through the struggle of the soul, you are partially separated from them, so you see and reach enlightenment, when the senses are replaced by other senses after you have gotten rid of the attachments of existence, so your insight is revealed, and the visions appear, which are of two types: a higher vision that includes the sky and a lower vision that includes the earth.