The White Dome Journal

The concept of «the Other» is a modern theme that has attracted the attention of scholars, as «the Other» represents the opposite or antithesis of «the self.» This research aims to elucidate the dimensions of this relationship and its manifestations in poetic texts. The study is divided into three sections. The first section, entitled «The Other/Woman,» examines the prominent presence of the female figure in al-Sayyab›s poetry. The second section discusses al-Sayyab›s relationship with «the Other/Homeland.» The third section is entitled «The Other/Nature.»

It is no secret to anyone that the words of the people of the house (peace be upon them) and their attributes are of great importance in the life of the Islamic nation, and even all other nations, because they are central to organizing life at the level of the individual and society, at the qual, actual and behavioral levels, so that the enemy (peace be upon them) is a legislative, moral and intellectual source in this regard. In this research tagged: (Kna and the titles of Imam Al-Kadhim, peace be upon him: a pilgrimage study), an important aspect of the life of one of them (peace be upon them) is considered, and he is Imam Musa bin Jaafar (peace be upon him), as he looks at his qualities represented by the universe and the titles that he was called. The research is directed to its study by the statement of the pilgrim dimensions that these names are surrounded in, by analyzing them according to the data of contemporary pilgrim linguistic research. In the context of this research, each nickname or title that was called (peace be upon him) is presented, then a statement of its meaning with what the language allows, and then a statement of the pilgrimatic appearance required by each name in isolation from other nicknames, and what is required by each title in isolation from other titles; so that it is possible to reveal the impact that these names can have on the recipient, so that they can carry him to obey, accept and be used towards his person (peace be upon him) and his religious, intellectual and moral heritage; so that his impact that has reached us is acceptable and influential. All this falls into paragraphs, each of which ensures the research of what is common in a particular topic, and then concludes - the research - by presenting the most important results reached.

The eminent scholar Dr. Ni›mah Rahim al-Azzawi was an Iraqi linguist and grammarian. He was born in the city of Hillah in 1936 and died in 2011 (may God have mercy on him(.
He was known as a defender of the Arabic language and a keen interest in Arabic grammar, facilitating and teaching it to the Arabic reader. He was distinguished by his linguistic criticism, achieving great strides and witnessing tremendous development in this field. He witnessed the pinnacle of critical contribution through the advancement of the critical movement in the Arab world. This was achieved through a realistic attempt to link authenticity with modernity, demonstrating adherence to fundamental principles and the pursuit of innovation. Al-Azzawi›s attempts at linguistic criticism have occupied a small space in the critical arena, and his books have enriched the Arabic library. In the field of criticism, he rejects fanaticism and extremism, as they close the doors to innovation in the Arabic language. In another field, he rejects all new ideas out of a desire for modernity; rather, he had his own plan and criteria for selecting each new concept. His attempts in criticism and language are to study criticism with its historical origins to return to the past, and he tends to activate the movement of linguistic criticism and develop it in the direction of development and growth to achieve a harmonious mixture in the critical process, as his critical approach was moderation without extremism and severity, nor excessive leniency, and stimulating creativity through correct usage acceptable to readers, and his goal is to develop linguistic achievements and preserve the integrity of the clear classical Arabic language in education from the emergencies of intonation and clumsiness, to achieve its educational and pedagogical dimension, and to remain the motive of the critical and cultural movement to rise in the world of language and heritage.

Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke is considered one of the most prominent politicians in the modern and contemporary history of Somalia, and one of the national symbols who played a struggle role during the liberation and independence process and the building of the modern Somali state. His life was characterized by diversity in administrative, diplomatic and political roles, as he moved from administrative and diplomatic positions in the fifties of the last century, to leading the country during its most critical historical stages, and his life ended in a tragic assassination that shook the throne of the entity of the young modern state.

Dialogue has been a narrative element in Arabic poetry from the pre-Islamic era to the modern age. Poets have utilized it to achieve communication with others, making it one of the most significant tools of human interaction. Dialogue contributes to the development of social, cultural, and political relationships and occurs between a speaker and an addressee based on common ground. It functions as a fabric of exchanged ideas, where both the sender and receiver merge into a single entity, coexisting in the same world.
Thus, dialogic communication forms a network of ideas and data, generating endless new ideas and concepts. Each interlocutor is both a producer of their own thoughts and a consumer of the thoughts of others. Through dialogue, the Abbasid poet Ibrahim ibn Harma expressed both himself and the “other,” represented by his beloved. He employed dialogue across various poetic purposes, including praise and satire, which helped him articulate his concerns and sorrows.

Floods in recent decades have been among the most widespread and destructive natural disasters in the world due to the significant damage they cause to infrastructure, economic and urban aspects, As well as human losses. Zakho city, which is located to the south of the study area, is one of the cities exposed to the risk of flooding. The last one was in 2024. It caused great damage to nearly (300) homes, the death of a citizen, and the destruction of the city’s infrastructure, such as roads and some bridges. For this reason, the aim of the research was to identify the risks of flooding in the study area in order to limit or reduce these risks by officials and decision makers. The outputs of artificial intelligence (AI) and modern technologies such as remote sensing and geographic information systems were relied upon to determine the degrees of flood risk in the region, based on ten variables: Elevation, slope, Stream power index (SPI), Density from the streams, Topographic wetness index (TWI), Distance from the streams, Lithology, Rainfall, Soil, And Normalized Difference Built-UpIndex (NDBI). The process of detecting and inferring each of the mentioned variables and giving them a weight was carried out through the outputs of artificial intelligence. Then a flood risk model was built. This model represents the production of a comprehensive map of flood risks in the study area. It was found that the very light risks reached (8.43) km2, with a percentage of (%3.61), while the (light risks) reached an area of (20.25) km2, with a percentage of (%8.67), and the medium risks reached (45.71) km2, with a percentage of (%19.57), while the high risks reached an area of (53.10) km2, with a percentage of (%22.73), and finally the area of very high risks reached (106.10) km2, with a percentage of (%45.42).On the other hand, it can be said that approximately half of the study area suffers from flood risks.

Societies start their life journey from the values and principles established by their members. A society that lacks values is destined to collapse, as it will eat itself up. Therefore, most of the texts narrated from the Commander of the Faithful, Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace by upon him), in Nahj al- Balagha address all human values, such as truth, justice, equality, goodness, jihad, piety, mercy, honesty, courage, and other values that represent human, moral, intellectual, and ideological issues. These values are addressed in a deeply influential manner that affects the listeners soul, mind, and spirit. They were not presented in declarative phrases, but rather were formulated by Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in a rhetorical, persuasive, and rational style that clearly reflects the impact of his humane thought and values, making them more acceptable for the listener to and accept.

The science of Islamic jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh) is a tool and instrument of Islamic law, and learning it is a prerequisite for independent legal reasoning (ijtihad), which no jurist or scholar can do without. This indicates the importance and status of this science. The science of legal maxims is part of this broad science, as it provides each maxim with guidelines and applications, thus facilitating the scholar’s ability to arrive at a legal ruling in a way that simplifies understanding. The legal rulings derived from the texts of the Holy Quran and the Prophetic Sunnah. Here, I must mention the book “Al-Insaf fi Ma’rifat al-Rajih min al-Khilaf ‘ala Madhhab al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal” by Imam Ala’ al-Din al-Mardawi (d. 855 AH), which is considered one of the most important books on preference in Hanbali jurisprudence. In it, he compiled the narrations, and through inductive reasoning, it becomes clear that the Imam presented the principles.The fundamental principles related to exceptions and their application.

This study investigates the intellectual methodology of Imam al-Hasan al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) as a pivotal stage in the history of Twelver Shi‘ism, coinciding with the height of Abbasid surveillance and repression. The research examines the doctrinal and intellectual foundations of his methodology, the strategies he employed to safeguard the Shi‘i community, and his decisive role in consolidating the doctrine of the Major Occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (peace be upon him). It also highlights how his intellectual discourse shaped a resilient religious and political identity that enabled the Shi‘a to withstand persecution. The findings reveal that Imam al-Hasan al-‘Askari’s thought transcended theoretical discourse, representing a comprehensive reformist project that preserved Shi‘i unity and laid the groundwork for the Occultation period. His methodology thus remains a cornerstone for understanding the evolution of Shi‘i intellectual and political thought.

This study examines the legal rulings concerning inadvertent errors and forgetfulness during Hajj, analyzing their consequences from a comparative jurisprudential perspective. The study aims to clarify the Islamic legal rulings related to such mistakes in performing the Hajj rituals, along with their implications, by comparing the views of various schools of thought.
The research employs a comparative jurisprudential approach, reviewing the opinions of different schools on inadvertent errors and forgetfulness in Hajj and analyzing the legal evidence upon which these opinions are based. Due to the importance and prevalence of this topic, especially during the Hajj season, and because these rulings are scattered across various scholarly works, this academic project was undertaken to provide a comprehensive, rigorous study. It synthesizes the significant opinions from different schools of thought to serve as a complete guide. The study›s value lies in its collection and organization of these crucial issues, which can help the Muslim community address the common mistakes many pilgrims make during their pilgrimage to the Holy House of God. The work focuses on the most important legal controls for inadvertent errors in Hajj, presenting them in a single, integrated volume to benefit the Muslim community during their Hajj journey.

This research addresses the issue of «al-Qur’», which is considered a subject of significant juristic disagreement with practical implications for many Islamic legal rulings, particularly those related to the waiting period (‘iddah) of a divorced or widowed woman. The dispute among scholars revolves around the meaning of the term «al-Qur’» in both linguistic and legal contexts—whether it refers to purity (ṭuhr) or menstruation (ḥayḍ). One group of scholars maintained that it refers to purity, while another held that it denotes menstruation. The study presents the evidence cited by each group from the Qur’an and Sunnah, discusses the points of preference among the opinions, and examines how these differences affect the application of juristic rulings. The research concludes that each opinion is supported by its own textual and methodological basis, but the opinion favoring ṭuhr is considered stronger due to the weight of its evidences and reasoning.

The current reseairch aims to identify the effect of visual thiinking striategy on the achievemient of middle school stuidents and their academic deterimination. The sample of the current research was determiined by the second grade students of the middle school affiliated with horizons Boys School for the academic year (2024-2025). The second middle school students were chosen to be the research sample intentionally. Two halls were chosen from a total of four halls, one of the two groups was experimental and the other was a control group. The research sample amounted to 65 students, with 32 students in the experimental group and 33 students in the control group. The researcher rewarded the two research groups in variables (intelligence test, chronological age, and their academic determination). The achievement test was also prepared, as 40 paragraphs were formulated in accordance with the content of the material and behavioral purposes (knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, and composition). Evaluation of the academic determination test was prepared by the researcher, which is the academic determination, which consisted of 15 paragraphs. The data were analyzed and processed statistically using the program Statistician (21.SPSS.V). The results showed that the students of the experimental group who studied with the visual thinking strategy outperformed the students of the control group who studied with the traditional method in the academic determination test. Based on the research results, the researcher recommends the necessity of adopting the visual thinking strategy in teaching the subject (History) because of its positive effect in increasing the academic determination of students. In order to verify the research objective, the researcher put forward the urban hypothesis. The following:-
1-There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study according to the visual thinking strategy, and the scores of the control group who study according to the traditional method of achievement.
2-There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the students in the experimental group who study using the visual thinking strategy and the average scores of the students in the control group who study using the traditional method in academic determination.

The biography of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) has attracted the attention of scholars of the Islamic nation since early Islamic history. Due to the Muslims› need for it, as it is an important link in the chain of history and the basic building block in its construction, and in every stage of Islamic history in which the scientific movement was active, interest in the Prophet›s biography in general and the characteristics of Muhammad in particular comes at the forefront of studies due to its high status. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family) was characterized by great morals before he was sent with the divine message. He was known for his noble character, trustworthiness, honesty, and all praiseworthy qualities. When God Almighty sent him, He increased this in His words, the Most High: “And indeed, you are of a great moral character.” (1)
The author of the manuscript addressed aspects of the Prophet›s biography (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family), as he was dominated by the Sufi nature to which he belongs. He summarized the stories of the Prophet in his beginnings before the mission and in the stages of his life. We saw fit to study and investigate - Chapter Five on his morals and character and Chapter Six on his miracles - from the third chapter so that the reader can see the Sufi style in writing the Prophet›s biography. I also tried to express my opinion on some situations and issues of a historical nature and what Related to the biography of the Prophet.

This research deals with the internal situation in Brazil during the government of José Sarney (1985-1990). The researcher sheds light on the domestic policy of the government of Brazilian President José Sarney regarding the deteriorating internal political and economic situation at the time. Through the decisions it took, the government of the Brazilian president sought to improve the internal situation in Brazil, particularly the issue of restoring democracy at the political level and confronting inflation and the deterioration of the Brazilian currency at the economic level. The researcher also examined the methods, mechanisms and procedures followed by the government of Brazilian President Sarney to achieve these goals.

The railroad project (Basra-Shalamcheh) comes as a continuation of a series of proposed projects on the Iraqi side by the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iran seeks to strengthen its economic, political, and security relations with Iraq, believing in Iraq›s centrality in the Arabian Gulf region and its influential role in the regional arena, besides being a fertile environment and a promising ground for foreign investments. Especially since the two countries share religious ties and long, deep geographical borders, facilitating mutual cooperation in project implementation.
This project, due to its prospective role, if successful, will have various implications on the political and security aspects for both countries. It aims to provide Iran with a loophole and a breathing space to escape from the grip of the economic sanctions imposed by the United States. Consequently, Iraq and Iran will be within the reach of America and its ambitious allies seeking to maximize their role in the region. Undoubtedly, this will significantly impact Iraqi politics more than it will affect the Iranian side, especially considering Iraq›s strategic alliance with the United States. Additionally, given the enormous influence the United States has in decision-making within Iraq, in contrast to the Iranian side, which seems indifferent to potential political, economic, and security repercussions, especially as it doesn›t heavily rely on American or European pressure, striving instead to extend its influence as much as possible to maintain its role in the entire Middle East region.

Abstract:
This research examines the impact of Qur›anic sciences on Allamah Tabataba›i›s Tafsir al-Mizan (The Explanation of the Book of Revelation), focusing on three main themes: the reasons for revelation, Qur›anic readings, and the science of occasions. First, the research demonstrates Tabataba›i›s interest in the science of occasions for revelation, considering it a tool for understanding the Qur›anic context and clarifying meaning. However, he emphasized the principle of considering the generality of the wording rather than the specific reason, which led him to strike a balance between correct transmission and the semantic generality of the verses. Second, the research examines his approach to Qur›anic readings, giving them special attention, favoring the transmitted readings that are consistent with the context and adhere to linguistic and rhetorical rules, and rejecting those that contradict the unity of meaning or disrupt the coherence of the text. Third, the research reveals Tabataba›i›s interest in the science of occasions, highlighting the subtle connections between verses and surahs to establish a coherent thematic unity of the Qur›anic text, while adopting deep contemplation as the basis for understanding textual relationships. The study concluded that Tabataba›i presented a comprehensive interpretive model through which he was able to employ Quranic sciences to interpret the Quranic text according to a balanced rational and spiritual perspective, making Al-Mizan a leading reference in contemporary Quranic studies.

Abstract:
The effectiveness of short-form instructional films, or micro-learning, in improving listening comprehension abilities among Iraqi primary school pupils studying English as a foreign language (EFL) is investigated in this experimental study. The study used a pretest-posttest control group design and involved 150 Grade 4 students (ages 9–10) who were randomly assigned to experimental (*n* = 75) and control (*n* = 75) cohorts in Baghdad’s resource-constrained public schools. While the control group continued receiving standard teacher-led instruction, the experimental group got daily 5–7 minute micro-learning films (such as animated dialogues, vocabulary-in-context snippets, and culturally tailored stories) incorporated into regular EFL courses for 10 weeks. Standardized listening comprehension tests, which measure abilities in gist identification, detail extraction, and inferential understanding, were used to gather quantitative data (modified IELTS Young Learners exams). Classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with eight teachers were examples of qualitative data. The experimental group’s post-test scores (mean gain: +30.2%, *SD* = 4.1) showed a statistically significant improvement (*p* <.001, *d* = 1.32) in comparison to the control group (+11.7%, *SD* = 3.9). Three major success factors were identified by thematic analysis: (1) segmented content reduces cognitive burden, (2) visual scaffolding helps with language recall, and (3) authentic contexts increase engagement. Inadequate teacher preparation in digital pedagogy and uneven internet availability (reported in 65% of classrooms) were important obstacles. Under the condition of infrastructure investment and educator capacity building, the study supports the systematic integration of micro-learning in Iraq’s national curriculum and validates it as a high-impact technique for developing EFL listening skills in low-resource settings. Longitudinal effects and locally created video content should be investigated further.

Abstract:
The Mansouriya district is considered one of the most suitable areas for agricultural investment, particularly for grain crops such as wheat, barley, yellow corn, and other grain crops. This is due to the availability of suitable natural and human conditions for their cultivation and optimal investment.
The research aims to identify the geographical distribution of grain crops in the Mansouriya district in 2024 and to identify the most important natural factors affecting grain cultivation, which is the staple food for the population.
The research was divided into an introduction and two chapters. The first chapter addressed the theoretical framework in terms of the research problem, research hypothesis, research objective, importance of the research, research methodology, and the boundaries of the research area. The second chapter addressed the geographical distribution of grain cultivation in the Mansouriya district in 2024, as well as conclusions and recommendations.
The research concluded that Al-Mansouriyah district is one of the most important areas in grain cultivation, and the area planted with wheat reached (26,550) dunums, distributed among the agricultural districts, and the average wheat production in Al-Mansouriyah district reached (6,000) kg/dunum. As for the barley crop, the total area planted with it reached (10,365) dunums, distributed among the districts of the study area, and the average production reached (4,875) kg/dunum. As for the rice crop, the total area planted with it reached (5,375) dunums, and the average production reached (6,700) kg/dunum. As for the yellow corn crop, the planted area reached (176) dunums, and the average production reached (1,250) kg/dunum, while the area allocated for sesame cultivation reached (31) dunums. As for the production rates for the sesame crop, it reached (1,225) kg/dunum, distributed among the various agricultural districts in Al-Mansouriyah district. As for the mung bean crop, the cultivated area reached (37) dunums and the production rate reached (1925) kg/dunum. Finally, the hartaman crop, the cultivated area in the Mansouriya district reached (79) dunums and the production rate reached (2275) kg/dunum.