Al-Hamdaniya Journal for Humanities

The study titled \"Criticism of Literary Criticism: From Philosophy to Literary Theory\" by Dr. Faisal Ghazi Al-Na’imi explores criticism of criticism as a profound epistemological practice rooted in the history of human thought. It is based on the central premise that literary criticism is not an isolated activity, but rather an extension of philosophical inquiry and its achievements in questioning knowledge and deconstructing discourse. Just as philosophy reviews itself, literary criticism also enacts this role through criticism of criticism.
The researcher argues that this field is not merely a secondary reading of criticism, but an independent domain of knowledge that investigates the critical discourse itself—its tools, concepts, and methodologies. This domain draws on a rich philosophical background, from Plato and Aristotle to Descartes, Bacon, Kant, and Hegel, and extends into modern critical thought including the Frankfurt School, Foucault, and Derrida.
The study traces how this practice evolved from informal self-reflection into a rigorous and systematic scholarly endeavor. It examines the conceptual shift from philosophy to literary theory and into contemporary critical practice. The research shows that criticism of criticism is both subjective and objective—it reviews, evaluates, and interrogates critical texts without being entirely subordinate to or isolated from literary criticism.
The study concludes that criticism of literary criticism is a methodological necessity within the natural evolution of critical theory. It is not a marginal or luxury activity but rather a core component of the epistemological structure of critical thought. It performs essential functions—evaluative, interpretive, and foundational—aimed at enhancing, refining, and correcting the course of literary critical practice, in dynamic interaction with philosophy and the humanities.

Punctuation marks, artificial symbols that have importance in dividing the written word, and determining the exact meaning as a result of marking, in cases of stopping, and the symptoms of questioning and exclamation, and indicating what is quoted from the speech, and what is omitted, and these marks have a great impact on the difference in the meaning obtained, and calls have been active to try to put them in the Holy Qur\'an, and this matter is not correct even if the Qur\'an is one of the books that are not attached to it. The types of stopping in the Qur\'an had a huge amount of cases of stopping, and the necessary stopping in it is important for the difference in meaning by violating it, and the samples of printed Qur\'ans did not agree on the cases of the necessity of stopping, and the monitoring of cases reached (70) places, accompanied by the conjunctive stopping, which represents two cases together, stopping and connecting, and the sample on the research table reached (25) verses. For the purpose of unifying the Qur\'ans of the Ummah, we made an effort that will be the key to a large project

This study explores the autobiographical poem as a hybrid literary form that merges elements of poetry and prose. It is grounded in a generic intersection between the poetic and the autobiographical, granting the poem a narrative dimension that relies on memory and imagination simultaneously. Dr. Khalil Shukri Hiyas examines the relationship between the autobiographical poem and prose poetry, highlighting their aesthetic and stylistic convergence, and emphasizing how narrative components—such as time, characters, place, and events—impose themselves on poetic structure without undermining its artistic identity.
The research is organized around three main axes: the strategy of reading, the terminological dilemma, and narrative hybridization within the poetic text. Regarding reception, the study underscores the role of the specialized reader in meaning production, drawing on Wolfgang Iser’s reception theory. In terms of terminology, it sheds light on the difficulty of offering a precise definition of the autobiographical poem, given its overlap with other narrative forms such as memoirs, diaries, and recollections. The poem, rather than recounting personal experience in detail, condenses and transforms it into poetic form.
In the final axis, the study addresses the significance of narrative in poetry and calls for transcending traditional boundaries between literary genres. It suggests that the autobiographical poem belongs to the postmodern era, where the literary text is open-ended, genre identity is fluid, and reading becomes an act of interpretive multiplicity.

This research deals with an analytical artistic approach to the narrative narrative achievement of the Maayouf in his anecdotal collection (the inhabitants of destruction) from the point of view of modernity that appeared in the stories, dominating the features of it, which we summarized in the following: History is a narrative document, the lines, the poetry of the narrative language, the fantasy tendency, the structure of the search for the absent. The research used a number of sources on the topic of modernity and its narrative manifestations in modern storytelling in particular, and literature in general. It ended with a conclusion that briefed the most important results reached by the research

Al-Jahiz’s opinions are considered among the oldest opinions that reached the method of skepticism in the verbal, philosophical and literary heritage of the Arabs. He is the author of numerous works that reveal the prevalence of the philosophical and methodological spirit within it. His thought is based on accuracy of observation, depth of consideration, analysis, comparison and criticism, and revealing contradictions and fallacies in The ideas presented to him after careful consideration and scrutiny, and doubt for him represents a scientific mechanism based on precise objective foundations. It is a rational approach based on specific steps aimed at absolute non-recognition of prejudices without strong proof, and rejection of answers that are not based on specific criteria.
This research aims to study the problem of doubt according to Al-Jahiz, by answering the following questions:
Did skepticism, according to Al-Jahiz, rise to become a philosophical method?
Can doubt be considered a theory that includes a group of issues that together form a cognitive system that leads to the construction of a number of conclusions supported by data of observation, observation, experimentation, comparison, criticism and interpretation...?

Poetic irony is based on what is called the difference in attitudes and statements, between two opposing poles, one of which refers to a meaning, and the other has a different meaning.
Therefore, the study tried to focus on the way this term works and its connotations in the poetry of poet Ahmed Yassin Jarallah in his poetry collection: This collection, which was able to establish the structure of irony and express the bitter and biting sarcasm of the Iraqi man in a homeland that has become a place deviated from its true connotations.
Critics and scholars have referred to several definitions of this term, and then went on to read the poetic texts based on the game of irony that was clearly manifested in them.

It is not unusual for an ignorant poetry reader to stand on extraordinary matters, especially in pendant poems.
In my mind, reading the poems, I used to work on the topic "Miraculous in the suspension of the dipstick as an interpretive approach".
The literary text and poetry in particular are among the most striking texts of the recipient They are lines of art paintings that have broken into the familiar dungeon to infiltrate the lessons of astonishment and eccentricity loaded with poet culture, vision, knowledge and experience to produce a fantasy that hugs reality and brings about modes and methods of fruit. He reveals his treasures in an effort to highlight themselves and their deep invisibility through his awareness of the phenomena and attitudes he lives that have combined emotion with creative imagination; He painted images bearing miraculous dimensions of a journey and adventure and sometimes included a story that could raise you when the recipient gathered them between contradictions; And since miraculous research from modern critique talks is meant to employ new ways to deepen the creativity of poetry script and to cultivate the world of poetry. And it pays to propose multiple connotations that are abstract from their circulating dimensions, and differ in their independent access to their actual presence within the text during their artistic work. We moved to work on my wonders according to the interpretive approach, We are close to interpreting the extraordinary phenomena that we have touched in the suspension of the buttercup

Palestinian Resistance hasformed one of the most important aspects in the issue. Historical documentations show that this resistance has bogus practically since the last quarter of the 19th century when first Jewish refugees reached Palestine. Resistance continued between rejection and demonstration till the features of the Zionist state has appeared in Palestine. Consequently, the resistance has transformed to the style of armed struggle which included the British who occupied Palestine at that time. They began to establish the Zionist state since their declaration in 1917. Thus, the armed resistance has become the significant feature to face that situation

The research aimed to measure the level of school bullying in secondary schools. And to identify the differences according to the variables of gender (male-female), academic grade (fourth-fifth), and branch (scientific-literary), The sample included (200) male and female students, who were chosen randomly. From secondary and preparatory school students in the center of Kirkuk Governorate, for the academic year (2022-2023), The researcher prepared a tool for measuring school bullying, consisting of (65) items. The researcher verified the validity of the construction, virtual and subjective. The stability was also verified by re-testing, and the reliability coefficient was (0.82). The researcher used the Pearson correlation coefficient and the t-test for one and two samples as statistical means. The research showed a set of conclusions, and in light of them, recommendations and proposals were made

The present study sheds light on clause patterns in English and Arabic texts in order to measure the frequencies of clauses in the two different languages. In English, there are nine basic patterns and a multitude of sub-pattern clauses. Anyone who speaks English, he/she will probably be based on one of them. On the other hand, Arabic clauses are of two main patterns namely, verbal and nominal. The study aims at investigating frequency of clauses in English and Arabic, and to draw a comparison between both languages. Arabic has two major sentence patterns, namely nominal sentence and verbal sentence. The data of the study are collected from different sources of English and Arabic references and analyzed them according to a quantitative method. The findings and conclusions are hoped to be useful for those who are interested in foreign languages

Within the realm of narrative fiction, worlds are shaped and lives emerge from the womb of language. Text is woven only within a spatial and temporal fabric that forms the story's framework and setting. Among these components, the narrative space emerges as the comprehensive incubator of events, characters, and dialogue, and the hidden expression of the psychological, social, and intellectual structures built upon its terrain.
Modern criticism has given increasing importance to this space, not merely as a geographical backdrop for events, but rather as a dynamic, interactive entity that acquires its symbolism through its artistic formation within the text. It is this space that gives the novel its aesthetic embodiment and contributes to generating its connotations. Through it, visions are formulated, characters are animated, and imaginary worlds are formed. In this context, Salem Al-Ghazoula's novel "Wingless Shadows" stands out as a novel worthy of careful consideration, due to its extensive exploration of the structure of narrative time and its precise use of it as an active element in furnishing and propelling the narrative. Hence, this study seeks to approach time in the novel, revealing its patterns, analyzing its psychological and aesthetic dimensions, and exploring its impact on constructing meaning and shaping the underlying vision within the text. The research aims to uncover how time functions within the narrative text and the symbolic and suggestive energy it carries, which enhances meaning and contributes to shaping the text's deep structure.
In this research, we address the poetics of time as a major component of the narrative in "Wingless Shadows," and we address it in two axes:
 Natural (chronological) time
 Psychological (subjective) time