Journal of Al-qadisiya in arts and educational sciences

This study stems from a logical perspective that emphasizes the need for poetic, critical, and literary texts to keep pace with ongoing developments in the scientific and knowledge domains. While sensitivity remains the core essence of Arabic poetry, it cannot retain its allure and aesthetic appeal without considering the potential integration of artificial intelligence and the benefits of its technologies. Such integration can enrich the poetic text with new dimensions, ensuring its relevance within contemporary scientific contexts and its adaptability to rapid advancements. This study aims to investigate these possibilities and their implications for modern Arabic poetry.

revealed in the context of the recent events in Gaza on October 7, 2023 and their aftermath, two discourses grounded in opposing narratives and conflicting argumentative premises, yet similar in their reliance on the very mechanisms of discourse production. This occurs despite the disparity in access to communicative tools and supporting media, which overwhelmingly favor the colonial narrative while restricting or marginalizing the resistant one.
This study presents a prominent depiction of the tension between the authority of the critical discourse and the hegemonic discourse within the media sphere, through the televised debate conducted on the British channel TalkTV between the Egyptian broadcaster Bassem Youssef and the talk show host Piers Morgan regarding the events of Gaza on October 7. The study analyzes the discourse of the debate within the framework of the Extended Pragma-Dialectical Theory, as a scholarly endeavor aimed at deconstructing the dialectical structure of the dialogue through revealing the rhetorical devices employed—namely, the rhetorical question, metaphorical grounding, and the parenthetical insinuation. In addition, the study traces the extent to which both interlocutors adhered to the ten critical discussion rules that guide sound argumentative conduct. This analysis is articulated across four principal argumentative stages: the confrontation stage, the opening stage, the argumentation stage, and the concluding stage, in which the critical discourse ultimately achieves its persuasive objective.

Soil erosion is one of the most serious forms of land degradation, particularly in arid and semi-arid environments where harsh climatic conditions and human pressures exacerbate soil fragility. This study aimed to assess the spatial and temporal variability of soil erosion risk categories in Wasit Governorate, eastern Iraq, focusing on the coldest and warmest months of the year (January and July) during the period 1979–2022. A GIS-based numerical modeling approach was used, employing multi-time Landsat satellite imagery (Landsat 5, 7, and 8), supported by climatological data and spatial analysis techniques within the ArcGIS environment. Soil erosion risk was classified into three categories: low (no erosion risk), medium, and high. The results reveal significant seasonal and temporal variability in soil erosion risk in the study area. During January, the low and medium erosion risk categories generally expanded due to increased soil moisture and vegetation cover, although a gradual decrease in stable soil areas has been observed over recent decades. In contrast, July saw a significant expansion in the medium and high erosion risk categories, driven by extreme temperatures, soil aridity, reduced vegetation cover, and intensified wind erosion. Long-term analysis indicates a clear shift from low to medium and high erosion risk, particularly during the summer months, reflecting the combined impacts of climate variability, land-use changes, and declining environmental resilience. Spatially, high erosion risk areas were concentrated mainly in the eastern, southern, and central parts of Wasit Governorate, while relatively stable areas remained confined to irrigated lands and areas adjacent to the Tigris River. The generated soil erosion risk maps provide essential spatial evidence for identifying priority areas for soil conservation and sustainable land management. This study contributes to improved regional environmental planning and supports decision-makers in developing adaptive strategies to mitigate soil erosion risks under ongoing climate change.

Nubia is one of the oldest civilized regions in Africa. It witnessed historical and cultural interactions with ancient Egypt . In ancient Egyptian political thought Nubia represented anatural extension of Egypt's geography not only due to its geographical importance on Egyptes Southern border but also because of its strategic Location in securing the Nile's Sources This interest in lubią dates back to the Era of Captivity Some Egyptien King attempted to Conquer it in on effort to control its giventis role as abridge bettween Egypt and Sub-Saharan Africa, thus Ancreasing its strategic import ance . As a result of this geographical connection, Nubid was part of the Egypt ian, sphere of influence, exemplified by the integration of Nubians into key positions with in the Egyptian army The Nubian element, widely used since The dawn of ancient Egyptian civilization, held great importance whether fighting along side the Egyptian army or serving as mercenaries who came from their homeland in search of livelihood In both cases, the Nubians played an unden iable role in supporting the ancient Egyptian army Foremost among them were the Medjay (or Magai) tribes, Nubian tribes deeply rooted in their ancient origins. They were First mentioned inhistorical sources during the middle Kingdom period and formed port of the The population structure of Nubia Their members were known for their skill in tracking enemies and traversing the deserte, as well as their marks man ship-These tribes were increasingly employed in the Egyptian army thus reinfor cing the policy of interaction with Egyptian civilization through both alliances and cultural exchange.

This chapter addresses the phenomenon of lexical ambiguity (polysemy) as a central semantic issue in Arabic and Qur’anic studies. It refers to a single word that carries multiple meanings depending on the context. Scholars have debated its existence—some affirm it as a natural linguistic feature, while others deny it due to potential ambiguity. However, the majority of linguists and exegetes recognize it and emphasize context as the decisive factor in determining the intended meaning. Dr. Muhammad Hussein Al-Sagheer, in his methodological interpretation of the Qur’an, analyzes several Qur’anic examples—such as “mawla” (protector/master), “udhun” (ear/permission), “ʿayn” (eye/spring), “zalla” (slip/error), and “yad”



(hand/power)—demonstrating how their meanings shift according to context. He asserts that lexical ambiguity is not a flaw in Qur’anic expression but rather a rhetorical richness that reflects the depth and precision of Qur’anic language, requiring careful contextual and linguistic analysis for accurate interpretation.

The world today stands on the cusp of a new revolution, the fourth in human history: the digital computing revolution. Beginning in the 1950s, it has reached its peak, with applications in artificial intelligence, biotechnology, 3D printing, and the revolution in social media and the digital world. This technological tsunami will transform many aspects of human life. Some have expressed concern about this digital revolution and the role of the citizen in the digital sphere, distinguishing it from traditional social interaction. Digital interaction has become a tool accessible to everyone, and electronic spaces, once remote or inaccessible, are now easily reachable. Human society has witnessed a series of changes in recent decades across various levels: technological, economic, cultural, political, and social. These changes have impacted all aspects of life for individuals and groups worldwide. Research reveals that the Fourth Industrial Revolution was not merely a technological transformation; it also reshaped the social and economic structure of the Iraqi family. The need for digital social policies that balance technological development with the preservation of family cohesion is paramount.

The paper shows that many critical linguists rely on Halliday's systemic functional linguistic (SFL) approach in their analysis. Thus, the paper applies the Transivity model to the Guardian newspaper from the UK. The paper aims to reveal the types of processes and participants used to represent the Taliban's image before and after 2001. It also aims to reveal the ideology of the Guardian newspaper. To achieve these aims, six processes in the Transivity model are applied within the Guardian newspaper. The paper concludes that it is not all the processes appear within the Guardian newspaper: The material and verbal processes are mainly used. In contrast, other types are rarely used.

The theme of women in Arabic literature manifests itself in diverse forms and with a profound impact stemming from the complexities of women's status in Arab society, which is considered a purely patriarchal society. Women have represented a rich source of inspiration and a central axis in our literature throughout successive eras, from the pre-Islamic era to the modern age. These portrayals have not been limited to presenting a single aspect, but have been presented in highly complex and varied styles, whether as a main or marginalized figure in the works of poets and writers, or as a creative voice that articulates visions and participates in building the cultural landscape. These images, in their diverse forms, have expressed the journey of women in Arabic literature through a series of social and cultural changes, reflecting their status and the fluctuations in their image through societal transformations, as a source of inspiration and a richly symbolic representation. The image of women in Sawsan Al-Bayati's novel, "The Hours of Scheherazade's Rape," is revealed through the dark pages written by the bloody, infidel organization ISIS, which swept through Iraq, making women its first victims in every aspect. The author skillfully employs the technique of light and shadow to present these scenes, dominated by both physical and psychological darkness, depicting the ordeal of Yazidi women in Mosul at the hands of the Islamist ISIS. We utilized a semiotic approach to trace this function, pinpointing the threads connecting the use of light and shadow in presenting the scene as a cry against social oppression. This novel, "The Hours of Scheherazade's Rape," by the Iraqi writer Sawsan Al-Bayati, is considered an important literary document that reflects a dark aspect of women's reality in patriarchal societies where social oppression prevails.

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This study aims to clarify and explore the meaning of Khums in the Noble Qur’anic text, explain its implications, and present the views of Qur’anic exegetes. The research concludes that Khums is a financial system with religious and social dimensions, and that its interpretive understanding contributes to clarifying the philosophy of Islamic legislation and its objectives in achieving justice and social solidarity. It also highlights the relationship between the Qur’anic text and the juristic rulings derived from it.

This study aimed to Investigate the impact of integrating creative thinking skills with positive psychological reinforcement on Improving science learning outcomes among students. The research adopted an experimental approach, dividing the sample into two groups: an experimental group that studied science through creative activities (fluency, flexibility, and originality) within a positive learning environment, and a control group taught via traditional methods.The results Indicated statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group regarding academic achievement and the development of scientific thinking skills The study concluded that positive
support (reinforcement, self-confidence, and motivation) acts as a primary catalyst for creative cognitive processes, helping to simplify complex scientific concepts and transforming the learning process into an enjoyable and sustainable experience.

This research examines the use of the Cognitive Apprenticeship Model (CAM) as a pioneering teaching method to improve the teaching of English in secondary schools in Iraq. Based on the principles of situated learning theory and constructivism, this study focuses on different components of the model (i.e. modeling, coaching, scaffolding, articulation, reflection, exploration) and how each of these may best be fitted to teaching English as a foreign language. The study critiques the use of traditional teaching practices and advocates for teaching practices that are interactive, that are student-centered, and that foster authentic learning and language use. The study integrates theory and practice in a way that, from a holistic perspective, cognitive models of apprenticeship may help to close the gaps that currently exist between theory and practice in teaching English as a second language. The study concludes that the implementation of CAM helps students to become more self-directed and proficient in English and provides for the greater engagement of teachers in their teaching. Some suggestions are offered as to how the CAM model can be incorporated into the curriculum and structured within teacher professional development initiatives in Iraq.

This study aims to evaluate history teachers’ performance in light of the OECD Education 2030 framework from subject supervisors’ perspectives. A descriptive-analytical evaluative approach was adopted. The population consisted of 32 history teachers (14 males, 18 females) in day secondary schools in Al-Hindiya district, Karbala Governorate. The sample included 20 teachers (10 males, 10 females) selected based on supervisory visits.
A performance evaluation rating scale (questionnaire) was developed, comprising 30 items distributed across three domains: developing basic and advanced skills (12 items), community engagement and values education (9 items), and flexibility in teaching and technology integration (9 items), using a three-point response format. Face validity was established through expert review (8 experts). Reliability was verified using test–retest on 10 supervisors, yielding an overall reliability coefficient of 0.81. Data were analyzed using weighted mean, percentage weight, chi-square, and Pearson correlation.
Findings indicated that “developing basic and advanced skills” ranked first (WM=2.60; PW=13%), followed by “community engagement and values education” (WM=2.44; PW=12.21), and “flexibility in teaching and technology integration” ranked third (WM=2.41; PW=12.12). Overall performance was rated as moderate across domains, with item-level variability. Some gender-related differences were also observed. Recommendations include integrating OECD 2030 indicators into supervisory evaluation, providing targeted professional development for history teachers, and conducting further studies across subjects and regions.

This research aims to study phonetic deletion in the speech of the two Imams Al-Askari (peace be upon them) from an analytical phonetic perspective, to reveal the aesthetics of linguistic performance in texts. The research addressed the definition of phonetic deletion as a phenomenon related to saving pronunciation effort and lightening the phonetic structure. It also examined vowelization by deletion as being included within phonetic deletion and specific to it, and as a change that occurs in the structure of a word by replacing one sound with another, deleting, or changing a sound. It also mentioned applied examples that illustrate the interaction between deletion and vowelization in the Arabic phonetic system. Through the analysis, it became clear that phonetic deletion in the speech of the two Imams does not deviate from the objectives of standard Arabic, but rather is characterized by precision and semantic consistency that serves the intended meaning

This research examines the representations of the "Homeland" in the poem "Ulysses" by the Iraqi poet Adnan Al-Sayegh. It serves as a poetic model reflecting the tragedy of alienation and the fragmentation of national identity within a distressed political and social reality. The study adopts a textual analysis approach to unravel the semantic structure of the poetic image and the underlying symbols representing the homeland, exile, and the self.
The research focuses on the psychological, symbolic, and referential dimensions of Al-Sayegh’s experience, tracing themes of nostalgia and the quest for belonging. In his work, the homeland manifests as a latent and

painful concept, while exile becomes a forced alternative that reshapes identity.
The study aims to demonstrate the capacity of modern poetry to reconstruct the image of the homeland through a subjective experience where memory intertwines with longing. It further highlights language as a tool of psychological and cognitive resistance against displacement. The research concludes that "Ulysses" constitutes a cohesive poetic discourse that engages with the homeland not as a physical place, but as a perpetual question of identity.

This research explores the image of Imam al-Husayn ibn ʿAlī (peace be upon him) as it was reflected in Umayyad poetry, a period that witnessed one of the greatest tragedies in Islamic history — the Battle of Karbala in 61 AH (680 CE). This event left a deep and lasting impact on the collective consciousness of the Muslim community and on the poets of the time. The tragedy became a spiritual, intellectual, and literary turning point, as poets found in al-Husayn an eternal symbol of truth, justice, heroism, and steadfastness in the face of tyranny and oppression.
The study seeks to reveal the features of Imam al-Husayn’s image in Umayyad poetry and to analyze the poetic attitudes toward his revolution, focusing on the artistic symbols and emotional meanings embedded in these texts. The significance of this research lies in its attempt to uncover how poets responded to this tragic event — whether they were loyalists to Ahl al-Bayt (the Prophet’s family) who viewed al-Husayn as a martyred Imam, or poets who adopted a purely humanistic stance of sorrow and empathy for the suffering of the Prophet’s grandson, or others who used the mention of al-Husayn to expose the moral decay of the Umayyad regime.
At the beginning of the study, the political and social background of the Umayyad era is reviewed, a period marked by continuous conflict between the ruling authority and its opponents, especially the followers of Ahl al-Bayt. Poetry in this context became a means of resistance and moral expression. The tragedy of Karbala thus emerged as a defining moment in the history of Arabic poetry, transforming it from a medium of official praise into one of revolutionary grief and moral awareness.
Among the prominent poets who represented the elegiac and emotional tendency were al-Kumayt ibn Zayd al-Asadi, al-Farazdaq, and Saʿīd ibn Ḥumayd, who portrayed al-Husayn as a symbol of sacrifice and pride. Their poems overflow with genuine emotion, and their language mirrors the collective pain of the community. Al-Kumayt says in his elegy for al-Husayn:
They slew the Prophet’s grandson unjustly,
For them there is nothing but a fire that blazes.
This verse stands as a cry of protest against the collapse of moral and religious values, and a condemnation of a regime that violated the sanctity of the Prophet’s household.
The political and symbolic image of al-Husayn was also strongly present in Umayyad poetry. Some poets depicted him as the voice of truth confronting tyranny — not merely a martyr, but a principle opposing falsehood. Al-Farazdaq describes him when meeting him on his way to Karbala, saying:
This is he whose footsteps the earth of Mecca knows,
And the House (Kaaba), the sacred and the holy land recognize him.
In this verse, al-Husayn is elevated to a sacred status; even the holy places acknowledge his virtue. The poet thus endows him with a spiritual halo, portraying him as a symbol of pure truth confronting deceit.
The image of al-Husayn in Umayyad poetry was not confined to political or religious dimensions; it transcended them to encompass a universal human aspect. Even poets not affiliated with Ahl al-Bayt were deeply moved by the tragedy, mourning al-Husayn as a martyr of humanity and a victim of injustice. ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAfīf al-Azdī expresses his grief and remorse, saying:
Would that my mother had not given birth to me
When I saw the sons of Muhammad — the true guides — wronged.
This image springs from deep human emotion; the poet expresses his helplessness before the calamity and wishes he had not witnessed the moment when truth fell, bathed in its own blood.
By examining the poetry of that era, it becomes evident that the image of Imam al-Husayn evolved from a political symbol into an eternal human and ethical ideal embodying the value of sacrifice for principle and dignity. These poems reveal the early emergence of revolutionary consciousness in the Muslim community and express a suppressed yearning for justice and freedom. They also portray al-Husayn in multiple forms — the martyr, the reformer, the hero, the Imam, and the divine emblem of justice. Thus, poetry became a means of preserving the historical memory of Karbala and recording the voice of the oppressed against tyranny.
The study concludes that Umayyad poetry was not merely a mirror reflecting events, but an active participant in them — emotionally, intellectually, and morally. Through their verses, poets contributed to shaping the collective image of Imam al-Husayn as a symbol of steadfastness and defiance of oppression, an image that continued to grow and evolve through the ages until it became an integral part of the Arab-Islamic cultural conscience and an enduring source of inspiration for all who seek freedom and human dignity

This paper investigates the thematic structure analysis of the Washing Ton Post Newspaper Article "The Most Shocking Political Assassination of the Past Decade Remains an Utter Mystery". It is mainly concerned about Benazir Bhutto's Assassination. There have been several assassinations of well-known political figures, many of them lost their lives, whereas many more narrowly escaped. Understanding whether or not assassinations truly affect the development of events is crucial to comprehending assassination as a historical effect, a policy, or even a social issue. The aim of this paper is to examine theme and rheme organizations and to identify the patterns of thematic progression that are utilised in this article. The researcher has utilised an eclectic model for analyzing the research data based on Halliday's 2004 functional approach and Danes' 1974 thematic progression patterns. The thematic structure analysis of this study reveals that sentence elements that convey given information are consistently referred to as Themes, while elements that convey new information are referred to as Rhemes. The thematic elements of many lexical items utilized to describe assassinated figures are carried out in the marked and unmarked thematic structure in the research data.

This study aims to identify the extent to which the biology textbook for the fourth scientific grade incorporates issues related to conscious consumption. The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach. The study population consisted of biology textbooks for the preparatory stage, with a focus on the biology textbook for the fourth scientific grade for the academic year (2025–2026), 14th edition.
To achieve the study objective, the researcher developed a research instrument represented by a content analysis criterion based on conscious consumption issues. This was accomplished through reviewing relevant literature and previous studies addressing conscious consumption, including studies by Mohammed (2023) and Shumaila Naz, Zhi-Cheng, & Ngun-Chung (2023). An open-ended questionnaire was also administered to a group of experts and specialists in life sciences teaching methods to propose the components of conscious consumption to be adopted in analyzing the textbook.
Based on expert input, seven key issues of conscious consumption were identified. Accordingly, the analysis criterion was constructed to include these seven domains: rationalizing water consumption, rationalizing energy consumption, rationalizing the use of minerals and geological resources, optimal use of medicines and dietary supplements, rationalizing food and beverage consumption, personal consumption, and electronic products. The criterion comprised a total of 67 indicators.
Face validity was established by presenting the instrument to a panel of experts in life sciences teaching methods, and necessary modifications were made to ensure its validity. The researcher then analyzed the content of the biology textbook using the “idea” as the unit of analysis, defined as a simple sentence or a concept, for which a quantitative count was conducted (Al-Assaf, 2006: 240).
To ensure the validity of the analysis, a sample of the analyzed material was reviewed by an expert in life sciences teaching methods. Reliability was calculated using both test–retest (intra-rater) and inter-rater methods, employing Holsti’s formula. The results indicated that the inclusion rate of conscious consumption issues in the textbook was (25.37%).
In light of these findings, the researcher recommends the inclusion of explicit and comprehensive content related to conscious consumption in the biology textbook. Furthermore, it is recommended to enhance students’ roles by fostering positive attitudes toward conscious behavior, thereby supporting sustainable decision-making regarding the environment.

Literature has great importance in the lives of peoples and the inevitability of the people’s lives. It is a living being that does not die, capable of changing fate and change because it comes from the human heart to send its messages to be received throughout the ages. Knowing the comic, especially delving into contemporary Brazilian liberalism, the intent of this poetic genre, and how contemporary poetry was able to issue a comic voice, squeezing their worries, breaking the fleeing electronics, and embodying their pain in letters that arouse laughter and send political, social, and artistic symbols. Especially since humor is part of satire and an essential component of it. Contemporary Iraqi poetry came with different purposes, appropriate to reality and its political and social events.
Our study of this topic was based on a chronological sequence of humor in poetry and how it is similar to and different from other vocabulary, as well as humor in Greek Arabic literature, then examining aspects of humor in contemporary Iraqi poetry

This study investigates the Gothic feminine as a site of subversion and empowerment in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818) and Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre (1847). Drawing on feminist literary theory, particularly Ellen Moers’ concept of the “Female Gothic,” Gilbert and Gubar’s “angel/monster” dichotomy, and Salo’s model of “vetted self-affirmation,” the study employs a qualitative, comparative textual analysis to examine how each author reconfigures Gothic conventions to articulate distinct feminist critiques. The analysis reveals that Shelley deploys tropes of absence, silence, and failed creation to expose the catastrophic consequences of patriarchal exclusion of the feminine, especially in reproductive and narrative domains. In contrast, Brontë harnesses motifs of haunting, confinement, and doubled identity to stage Jane Eyre’s moral and narrative self-assertion, transforming Gothic spaces into arenas of ethical agency. Findings demonstrate that while Frankenstein functions as a cautionary tale rooted in negation, Jane Eyre enacts a prescriptive model of presence, together tracing an evolving trajectory of Gothic feminism from diagnostic lament to self-authored liberation. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how the Gothic mode enabled nineteenth-century women writers to encode resistance within seemingly conventional forms, offering both covert critique and visionary redefinition of female subjectivity.

This research seeks to uncover the effectiveness of language and its effect in conveying religious discourse to the audience in an attempt to stand at the most important functions of the literary language in order
to distinguish between it and the direct declarative language as well as to reveal the specificity of religious discourse and the effect of the language of rhetoric and rhetoric in general in its formation, there is a need to know the mechanisms achieving the effectiveness of religious discourse, including linguistic skill, and identifying the concept of rhetorical communication and the relationship between discourse and rhetoric. After the introduction to what came under the title ( In Literary Language and Discourse ) - on two axes:
The first of them will try to reveal (( literary functions in rhetorical communication )), while the second axis will be (( in the language of artistic performance to convey religious discourse )).
After that, the conclusion will include the search results, followed by a list of margins and then a list of sources and references.

Background: Given that teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) must deal with both formal and informal registers, typical pedagogical grammars present a simplified dichotomy that fails to account for variation by situation. Understanding the choices in register-based grammar is crucial to building learners' communicative competence across a diverse range of social and academic contexts.
Purpose: Based on the literature review, the researcher intends to engage in research on the morphological, syntactic, lexical and discourse stylistic features of formal or informal English grammar. Moreover, the paper will probe pedagogical implications for EFL teaching.
Methods: This study employs a comprehensive literature review methodology, examining theoretical foundations and empirical research on register variation in EFL contexts. Drawing upon corpus-informed studies, sociolinguistic analyses, and pedagogical research, it examines how formal and informal registers manifest across proficiency levels and instructional settings. The major findings are that formal English is characterized by nominalization, complex subordination, passive constructions, precise lexical choice, and explicit cohesive devices, while informal English displays features of ellipsis, discourse markers, colloquialisms, contracted forms and conversational structures such as topic shifts and redundancy. There is in fact a great continuum in register variation, not any clear-cut distinction between styles, dependent on who one is speaking to, and why, where and when it is happening.
Outcome: The review shows that easy-to-understand instruction on what is behind the use of language, with a corpus-based pedagogy, assignment-centered education and genre-focused teaching can effectively foster learners' register literacy. Learner proficiency, cultural background, and first-language transfer play an important role in determining whether the student will absorb a given cultural concept (register).
Conclusion: Systematic teaching of both formal and informal registers throughout an EFL course enhances students' communicative competence, preparing them to use the appropriate form of language fit the situation in both daily life and at work or college. To address register variation in pedagogical materials and ultimately train students to perform with language in the real world, language programs for teachers must be reformed.

Present study analyses the utilization of postcolonial metafiction and black humor by John Barth and Martin Amis to critique moral decay, narrative instability, and cultural disillusionment within Western modernity. The main goal is to analyse how humor, irony, and self-reflexivity can be used as weapons against the excesses of capitalism and the legacies of imperialism. Employing a qualitative comparative methodology, the research performs an in-depth textual analysis of Barth’s The Floating Opera (1956), The Sot-Weed Factor (1960), and Lost in the Funhouse (1968), in conjunction with Amis’s Money (1984), London Fields (1989), and The Information (1995). The analysis combines postcolonial, metafictional, and existential frameworks to examine narrative self-awareness, moral disintegration, and identity commodification. The results show that both authors turn black humor into a way to fight back against colonialism. Barth does this through metafictional parody that breaks down colonial myths, and Amis does it through satirical depictions of the moral bankruptcy of capitalism. Their works reveal the fatigue of Western grand narratives while reconstructing significance through irony and play. In the end, the study finds that postcolonial black humor serves as both a critique and a way to survive, allowing people to take back their narrative power and think about ethics in a world that is broken and postmodern.

This research examines the jurisprudential perspective in al-Ayyashi's exegesis by analyzing selected verses related to worship, which formed a central focus of his narrative-based exegetical approach. Al-Ayyashi's exegesis is distinguished as one of the earliest Imami commentaries that relied on direct narration in explaining legal rulings. The commentator presented the verse and then cited relevant texts narrated from the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) to interpret its legal implications, particularly in areas of worship such as purification, prayer, fasting, zakat, and Hajj.
This research aims to uncover the jurisprudential features of the discourse on worship in al-Ayyashi's exegesis by tracing his use of narrations, the patterns of interpretation he employed inlinking verses to the system of legal rulings, and the extent of his contribution to the development of early Imami jurisprudence. The research also explores the influence of the scholarly environment in Samarkand and the breadth of al-Ayyashi's sources of narration on the formation of his jurisprudential perspective, especially regarding matters of worship that require detailed explanation from the infallible Imams. The study reveals that al-Ayyashi presented a distinctive jurisprudential exegesis model in the chapter on acts of worship. He relied on explaining the rationale behind rulings, clarifying their limits, and linking them to the Sunnah transmitted from the Imams, without resorting to personal opinion or independent reasoning. This made his exegesis an important reference for preserving the narrative-based jurisprudential heritage. The research concludes that al-Ayyashi's exegesis represents an authentic source for understanding the structure of worship jurisprudence among the Imamiyyah in the early centuries, and that the examples of worship clearly reveal his methodology of Qur'anic deduction based on the infallible narrations as the center of legislative meaning.